Carradu Boggy. Ciid Juqraafiga Russia

Ka hor inta waxbarashada ku jira carradu swampy, waxa macno u xusuustaa in this "carrada" guud ahaan. class badan oo dugsiga isla markiiba soo bandhigay, macallinka taariikhda dabiiciga ah iyo erayada uu ku saabsan qolof adag dhulka - lithosphere ah. lakabka sare uu leeyahay tayo gaar ah - bacriminta. Tani waa ciid. The bacrin ah lakabka, waxaa la sameeyay ka badan malaayiin sano.

arrimaha of formation ciidda

Juqraafiga Russia waa dal baaxad weyn, sida dalkuba. dhagaxayga weyn Waalidka, cimilada, daaqsinka, muuqaalka guud ee dhulka - oo dhan arrimood oo saamayn ku formation of dihnayd. On the expanses Ruush iskala ka yimid xagga buuraha koonfurta in ay badaha waqooyiga, arrimahaasi waxay yihiin kuwo aad u kala duwan. Siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo dhulka ma aha mid la mid ah, dadka la siiyo beergooyska. On dhulka waxaa jira goobaha cimilada badan oo xaddi kala duwan ee roobka, xaaladaha iftiiminta iyo heerkulka, dhirta iyo ugaarta. In Russia, aad u bogi karaa aamusnaanta cad oo baraf ah iyo ciid tuurasha, arki kayntana taiga iyo kaymaha bjørk, seeraha ubax iyo meelaheeda dhoobada.

Waxaa jira nin-dhigay Bbc - dad badan yihiin iyo inta ugu badan ka jira dabiiciga ah, kala duwan ee dhumucda iyo tayada dihnayd (ma aha had iyo jeer ka fiican). Oo waa kaliya mid ka mid centimitir of compost ama humus (oo ka kooban "ayaa ceegaagta nool") aasaasay 200-300 sano! daryeelka Intee in le'eg oo waa in la qaato dhulka ku, si jiilalka mustaqbalka aan keligay baa hadhay la lamadegaanka iyo meelaheeda dhoobada!

kala duwanaanta carradu

Waxaa zone ciidda. Ay formation waa adag hoos gasho sharciga beddelo flora, dubato, iyo E. sidaas on. At latitudes kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, in North soo kala carradu cidhifka woqooyi. Waxay yihiin dadka saboolka ah. Formation of xitaa lakabka daciif ah humus ee jirkiisa, taasoo ah meesha dhirta ay joogaan Muuse iyo lichens oo kaliya, waa wax aan macquul aheyn. In aagga subarctic - carradu Dhuldhoobo. Recent doonee Arctic ah, laakiin yar marka la barbar dhigo podzol matalo taiga iyo kaymaha isku qasan. By yareynta ashitada ee macdanta iyo organic daro ay u oggolaadaan in ay koraan noocyo badan oo ka mid ah dalagyada.

Waxaa jira carradu kaynta, carradu madow (ugu bacrin ah), cidlada. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah - mawduuca cilmiga waxbarasho sida juqraafiga ee carrada, iwm Nidaamyadan aqoonta yihiin bixinta si ay waxbarasho u ah dalka unzoned, taas oo ka mid ah carrada dhiiqo dareenka weyn .. Waxay waxaa laga heli karaa zone kasta cimilada.

Formation of carradu dhiiqo

ciidda Ruush Juqraafiga ku jira macluumaad ku saabsan waxa ay layers aynu ka hadalnay ee biyagaleenka ahuba iyo kaymaha qoyan loo sameeyay by roob fadhiya qoyaanka (roobab), biyaha oogada (harooyinka, webiyada, iyo P. sidaas on.) Or kayd dhulka hoostiisa (ilaha biyaha dhulka). Si fudud u gelin, carradu dhiiqo loo sameeyay by Dhirta biyo-jecel. Bog yihiin kaynta (geed, bjørk, waxaa jira mid ka duwan dhigooda kaynta ay, ay yar, "sirgaxan" waa), ku xoortay geedihii (Heather, rosemary), ajada iyo cawska.

Aasaasidda carradu dhiiqo ay gacan labada geedi socodka. Marka hore, waa formation Peat markii harta dalagga uruursado dushiisa sida waxa qudhmay oo xun. Marka labaad - gleying markii xabagta bir ah waxaa beddelay xabagta inta lagu guda jiro burburinta lagmamaarmaanna u ah macdanta. Tani ma aha shaqo fudud dabiiciga ah waxaa loo yaqaan "dulqaado geedi socodka."

Meelaheeda dhoobada dhacaan haddii ...

Inta badan carradu swampy loo sameeyay by xigta sushi hydrogenic. Laakiin mararka qaarkood meel swampy la jeedo biyaha iyo webiga expanses fadhiya. Tusaale ahaan, nidaamka noocan oo kale ah ayaa sannadka ugu horreeya ee qaadataa meel on webiga weyn Ruush Volga. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah saldhigyada hydropower Cascade iyo berkadood, waxa si tartiib ah u baxayaan, stagnates. Waxaan u baahan nahay tallaabooyin degdeg ah samatabbixinta.

Sidaas darteed, haddii sabab ama Wabiyaal kale qaar ka mid ah xawaaraha waa la dhimay, ay u noqdaan kuwo wasakheysan kabax ah. ilo hoose in iyaga ku quudin, hagaaajinta. Laakiin inkastoo ay "qaylada ee dabiiciga ah", dadka ma daryeesho oo iyaga ku saabsan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa jira halis weyn oo jeestay halbowleyaasha buluug in bogs taagan Russia.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah carradu Peat

Sida kor ku xusan, Peat waxaa la aasaasay of mass cufan oo aan si firfircoon qudhmi harta dhirta dhiiqo. Inkastoo ay jiraan meelo geedi socodka ma dhici karto. The top daaha of dhulka, daboolay kayd "Ostankova" - waa carradu Peat-bog. haddii ay ku haboon beeraha yihiin? Waxaa oo dhan waxay ku xiran tahay sifooyinka juquraafi.

In Peat sare carrada lakabka qaro weyn ee arrinta organic aragti ahaan loo kobciyo laga yaabaa lakabka sare ee carrada. Laakiin waxa uu si xun u baaliyoobay. formation firfircoon ee humus caqabad ku aysidhka sare oo dhexdhexaad ah, oo ay bioactivity daciif ah, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "neefta ee ciidda." Waana mid ka, tan iyo habka nuugista waxaa lagu magacaabaa oxygen dhulka, gaaska carbon dioxide, soo saara noolaha hul sare, iyo tamarta kaamerada. profile ciidda bogs sida heer hoose ah. Waxaa jira laba jahooyinka: Peat iyo Peat-gley. Gley - profile dhulka, taas oo ferrous siin midab cawlan, buluug ama buluug ah. Shaqaale carradu sida ma kala duwan yihiin. Si aad u isticmaasho waxaa ka mid ah isticmaalka yar ee beeraha.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah carradu dhiiqo-podzolic

carradu Bog-podzolic sameysmi karaa, halkaas oo jiifsan dhulal ah , kaymo isku qasan la cover ajada iyo grassy. Ama ay jiraan seeraha qoyan, inta lagu guda jiro sameeyay goynta ah ee aagga ku qariyeen by dhirta. Sida loo kala saaro carradu dhiiqo-podzolic ah podzolic ah? Waa mid aad u fudud.

dhiiqo The podzols jiraan calaamado aan baxayn ee gley. Dusha, waxay u eg a daxalaystay-ocher iyo dhibco buluug-cawlan. Halkan sidoo kale waxaa jira oo xariijimo, smears, cabaar oo dhan jahooyinka ee profile ah. On horumarinta dalalka dhiiqo-podzolic by laba nooc oo ah ciidda la asiibay: dhiiqo iyo podzolic. Sidaas darteed, arkay sida bidhaamayaan ah Peat iyo gley iyo podzolic iyo layers illuvial.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah carradu dhiiqo-seere

carradu Bog-berrin bannaan loo sameeyay halkaas oo bannaankii iyo terraces webiga, daboolay cawsduurka iyo laamo ah, waxaa la yareeyo. Sidaas awgeed waxaa laga moistening dheeraad ah dusha (biyo sare ugu yaraan 30 maalmood) oo isku mar ku nasto dhoobo joogto ah at qoto dheer ah qiyaastii 1 ilaa 5 m.

zone tuulista degganayn. Waxaan ka hadleynaa formation of qolof ah dhulka ee u dhaxeysa dusha dhulka iyo dusha sare ee miiska biyaha. Ciidda ee su'aasha, ee la xidhiidha keliya ma aha ee bannaankii guriga iyo terraces webiga leh dhulka u dhow, laakiin sidoo kale ee kaynta-steppe. Waxay doonayeen inay ku kooban dareemaduna, dhirta qoyska Juncaceae, oo cawsduur. jahooyinka hidaha ee dalka kala aad u cad.

carradu Bog-berrin bannaan yihiin "live" ee ah nidaam biyo aan degganayn. Marka waxaa muddo qalalan, dhulal Dhirta siinayaa si ay seere ah, iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka. Xaaladda waa sida soo socota: profile dhulka mid ka mid ah, iyo nolosha waxaa ku waa ka duwan yahay. In xilli qallalan, marka mineralization biyaha, dhulal salinization. Haddii dareeraha waa wax yar mineralized, ka dibna sludges dhiiqo qalalan sameeyay.

Gobolka Krasnodar iyo ciidda

The carradu ee Territory Krasnodar ee kala duwan. meelaha Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Slavic, Temryuk waa swampy iyo brown, daxalaystay ay sabab u tahay dhowr ah oo estuaries oo talgaley. Waxay Kuban degan beero canab ah iyo berdaha baaqbaaq. meelaha Labinsk iyo waseeqeeyay of podzolic ciidda iyo madow. dalalkan Kuwani waa mid aad u bacrin ah. Waxay ku haboon soo saarka dalagyada qani ku ah khudaarta, gabbaldayaha yihiin.

On xeebta Badda Madow ee Gobolka Krasnodar ee carradu buur-kaynta. Halkan waxaa jira Geedkeeda heer sare ah iyo beero canab ah. On the-Azov Kurgan Caraabaah ciidda madow meel kasta. Aan waxba lagu magacaabo di'in of Russia Kuban. Its carrada waa hodan ku humus si dadka deegaanka inta badan qoslay: "Waxaa jira sii kordhaya xitaa ul a xayiran dhulka."

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, naasiga ah ayaa loading ciidda madow ee railcars iyo dalalka Jarmalka, isagoo garanaya waxa qiimaha dabiiciga ah. Waa hagaag, oo dhan ma layers bacrin dumay by xun loola dhaqmay dadka. Laakiin xitaa ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen kayd badan oo dalalkan oo hibada leh, waa mid si taxadar leh u fuliyaan shaqada beeraha. Haddii ay tahay isticmaalka wareega ciidda ama haboonayn beerista of qoyan ee, waa in aynu ogaannaa in faragelin ah ku degdegin in hawlaha muhiimka ah ee hababka dabiiciga ah waa khatar ah in wax nool oo dhan.