Canto Beel - farsamo ah hees Iduna Park. tababarka vocal. hees opera

line Long Weedhahan muusikada, aayado nunu iyo nimcadiisa, cod la yaab leh iyo hanti kaamil ah quruxda gabay Iduna Park. At Warega of qarniyadii XVI-XVII dugsiga waxaa heeso, dunida siiyey performing farsamada codka ee Italy, halkaasoo Ogyihiin eego arradan Talyaaniga siiyey magaca canto bel (Beel Canto) - ". Gabay qurux badan" Ha ku Xadgudbina, sixitaanka bilowga muddada this, talinaysay ee vocals masrixiyada oo bar bilow u ah horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ku sifayn opera ah.

asalka ah ee opera ee Florence

U muuqday in waqtiga ku tilmaamay operas marka hore leeyahay dhasheen xubnaha koox yar oo taageerayaasha of art qadiimiga ah, aasaasay in Florence oo wuxuu galay taariikhda muusikada sida "Fiorentine Camerata." Taageerayaasha riyada musiibo Giriigga ee hore inaan soo nooleeyo ammaanta hore ee ku sifayn iyo fikir ah in Actorada ma blab, iyo gabyaa erayada la isticmaalayo text-recitative, dhawaaqyada melodious of kala guurka ah siman.

Oo shuqulladaadii hore ku qoran sheekada oo ka mid ah qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga quraafaad ah Orpheus, wuxuu ahaa wadadii uu dhalashada ka sifayn cusub muusikada - opera. Laakiin waxay u adeegtaa ay qayb ka mid ah qaybaha Solo vocal (Arias) qasbay gabayaaga ahaa in ay si dhab ah wax looga qabto cod tababarka, taas oo sabab u ahayd hees u qurux badan oo farshaxan - canto bel. Taas oo muujinaysa awood u leh inay dil broaching jajabkii nunu on neefta dheer iyadoo la sii macaanaa codka dhan weedh muusikada.

dugsiga Neapolitan

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII sameeyay xeerkii Neapolitan opera in ugu danbeyn la ansixiyey maalintii farshaxanka stage of canto bel ah. Waxay ahayd labada qorshaha horumarinta a Florentines, iyo isbedel. In Naples, cayaari qayb ugu weyn ee music steel iyo gabay, oo aan gabayada, wixii ay bixiyeen waxay kaalin weyn in waqtigan. abuurnimo Tani uu u bogay dhagaystayaasha iyo sababay duufaan weyn oo xamaasad.

composers Neapolitan qaab bedelay opera ah. Iyagu ma ay tageen isticmaalka recitatives, taas oo u kala qaybsan yihiin noocyada kala duwan: weheliyay (Ulasocto orchestra) iyo qalalan, oo ay ku jiraan macluumaad ku bixisey in hab la sheekaysanayo hoos chords harpsichord dhif ah in ay sii ohyahay muusikada. tababar codka, kaas oo noqday waajib maleegay, kordheen dadka tirada Solo, qaabka of taas oo uu sidoo kale sameeyay isbedel. Waxaa jiray Aria caadiga ah, taas oo jilayaasha muujiyaan dareenkooda guud ahaan, marka la eego xaaladda oo aan ku salaysan image ah ama qof. Isagoo calool xun, buffoonery, shakhsi, Aria dareen ah aargoosiga - gudaha ee opera Neapolitan la content nool buuxiyey.

Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725)

laxamiistaha fiican iyo enthusiast Scarlatti hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida asaasaha dugsi opera ee Napoli. Wuxuu u abuuray in ka badan 60 shuqullada. Suugaan opera halis ah (Spezia, opera), abuuray by Scarlatti, iyadoo la kaashanayo of story mythological ama taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan nolosha characters caan ah. hees Opera hadhaysay by line waxqabadka riwaayado iyo recitatives ayaa bedelay Aryans.

Tiro balaadhan oo ah vocals in opera halis ah balaariyay shuruudaha lahaa inay waafaqaan cod operatic. Artists kaamileen farshaxanka gabay, inkastoo mararka qaar taasi keentay in wax funny - mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah uu doonayay laxamiistaha ugu xaqiiqada ah ayaa waxaa ka mid Arias opera ah, faa'iido xoogga saaraan faa'iidooyinka codka. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd set oo ah la xidhiidhin kasta solos kale, sababta oo ah waxa loo yaqaan noqday Spezia, opera "riwaayad in dhar".

Beauty iyo farsamada

qaaraan kale oo dugsiga Neapolitan of opera ee horumarinta canto bel ahaa isticmaalka in vocals ornamental (coloratura) dahabka palette muusikada. Arias Coloratura loo isticmaalo dhamaadka iyo caawiyey fanaaniinta ah si ay u muujiyaan dhagaystayaasha xadka uu cod lahaanshaha. bootin Big, trills, Aayadaha safafka, isticmaalka xigxiga (celceliyay Weedhahan muusikada ama markeeda nunu in diiwaanka kala duwan ama midab) - sidaasna ay ku kordhiyaan palette dhegeysiga loo isticmaalo by virtuosos of Bel Canto. Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in heerka aqoonta oo gabayaa ahaa inta badan qiimeeya ay ku adag tahay coloratura eedeysanuhu.

dhaqanka muusikada Talyaani meelaha dalabaadka sare. The codadka gabayaaga caanka ah kala duwanaayeen quruxda iyo qaninimo ah midab. tababar codka caawisaa hagaajiyo farsamo waxqabadka, si loo gaaro macaanaa ah oo fiican codka oo dhan safafka.

conservatory ugu horeysay ee

Baahida loo qabo canto bel keentay in formation of hay'adaha waxbarashada ugu horeysay oo diyaar u ahaa kuwii gabayaaga ahaa. Agoonta - Conservatory - noqday dugsiyada music koowaad ee Dr Makumbe Italy. farsamada Beel canto baray iyaga oo ku saleysan dayashada, soo noq-macalinka. Tani waxay fasireysaa heerka sare ee gabayaaga ahaa waqtiga. Ka dib oo dhan, ay ayaa lagu tababarey by sayid aqoonsan sida Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) iyo Francesco Cavalli (1602-1676).

Ardayda ayaa ka kooban layliyo gaar ah si ay u horumariyaan cod, tababarka dhegta, kaas oo lahaa in lagu celiyo, horumarinta farsamada gabay iyo horumarinta neefsashada - xirfadaha, kuwaas oo lagama maarmaan u ah si canto bel. Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in, isagoo bilaabay inuu tababaro in 7-8 sano ilaa 17 sano ka derbiga conservatory outlet performers xirfadeed ee masraxa opera ah.

Dzhoakino aqalkeeda (1792-1868)

Saftay Talyaaniga opera canto bel goostay dhaqankan cusub ee horumarinta dhaqanka muusikada in saddexda qarniyo soo socda. Taariikhi in ay horumar ay ahayd shaqo ee laxamiistaha Talyaani George aqalkeeda.. tamarta jiibta, ciyaaryahan oo awood kar vocals kala duwan oo hodan ah timbral farshaxan, virtuosity iyo dugsiga hees aan caadi ahayn dalbaday. Xitaa Arias raspevnosti iyo recitatives in shuqullada aqalkeeda dalbaday go'an buuxa.

Melodizm aqalkeeda ay jidka u bannaysay canto bel classical, lagu gartaa weedho dhamaystirmo hawada qabow oo nadiif ah si xor ah dal oo luuq siman (cantilena) iyo taarkan sensuously Qolol. Waxaa xusid mudan in laxamiistaha ugu ogaa oo ku saabsan farshaxanka heeso waaqiciga. In carruurnimada, ayuu ku gabyeen in heesta kiniisadda, oo Bengtsson, marka lagu daro qoraalka, xiiso celiyay barbaarinta codka iyo xataa qoray dhowr buugaag ku saabsan mowduuca.

barbaarinta

Talyaani opera gabay, kaas oo noqday calaamad u ah dhaqanka Yurub muusikada oo qarniyo XVII-XIX, shuqullada tayo macallimiinta-hal, kuwaas oo qaatay iyagoo gabyaya oo tijaabiyay aadanaha cod, si kaamil ah u keeno sanqadhiisana yimid mahad. Ayaa ku tilmaamay in hababka shaqada ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa in diyaarinta gabayaaga ahaa.

dareenka macalimiinta baxsaday Qoomaan lahayn. ardayda waxay barteen qarsoon ee neefta gabay xor ah oo fudud. tababar codka qiyaasayo mugga dhexdhexaad dhawaaqa, weedho nunu gaaban iyo dura cidhiidhi ah, taas oo ay suurtagal tahay in la isticmaalo neefsashada hadalka, lagu gartaa waxyoonay degdeg ah oo qoto dheer ku xiga oo katimaada la'ahay. Jimicsiyada loogu talagalay in ay gutaan saaridda codka uniform ee diiwaanka sare iyo hoose. Xitaa tababarka ka hor muraayada ka mid ah fanaaniinta laylis manhajka - tibaaxaha xad-dhaaf ah wajiga iyo waqti hadal gacangeliyey shaqo qabashada wajiga of qalab ah vocal. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay sii free ah, si toos ah iyo isticmaalka dhoola dhawaaqa gaaro cad ah oo ku dhow taagan.

farsamooyinka New gabay

vocal, riwaayadaha iyo dhaqangalka qaab Complex ayaa martigeliso hore ee caqabadaha nimankii gabayaaga ahaa. Music tarjumaysaa dunida hoose oo characters, iyo codka noqday qayb muhiim ah oo image guud muuqaal dabiici ah. Tan waxaa si cad u soo bandhigay in ay operas ee John. John iyo Verdi, kuwaas oo shaqo calaamadeeyay u kaca ee qaab canto bel aqalkeeda.. Dugsiga heer sare ah waxaa loo arkaa isticmaalka la aqbali karo ee falsetto qoraalka sare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, riwaayadaha diido hab noocan ah - in goobta a geesinimada ah ee falsetto lab galay dissonance ah bilicsanaanta la tallaabo midabaynta dareen. First gudbeen marinka codkaas France lui Dyupre, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan hab wax soo saarka dhawaaqa, asaasidda nafsaaniga ah (cidhiidhi ah dhuun) iyo guun ah (luqadda ee "s-qaabeeya" booska) hababka ilaalinta hay'adaha vocal, waxaana ay taasi keentay lagu tilmaamey "ismidab qariyey". Waxaa la oggol yahay si ay u sameeyaan qaybta sare ee kala duwan ee la maqli karo oo aan u bedesheen falsetto.

Dzhuzeppe Verdi (1813-1901)

Dib u eegida tahay vocal operatic, wax aan macquul aheyn in ay horjoogsadaan dhinac oo ka mid ah tiradaasi oo ah dhaxalka hal abuur leh ee laxamiistaha ugu weyn Talyaani Verdi George.. Waxa uu isbadalay iyo edeb opera, bandhigay farqiga sheekada iyo muranka. The ugu horeysay ee composers soo qaaday qayb firfircoon ku sifowdaa ee goob, design-yada iyo qaab. In operas uu sha heysatay iyo xaqiiqda biyo kama dhibcaan, dareenka Cadho iyo farqiga, midoobaan geesinimada iyo walise. hab noocan ah loo Yeedhiyaa shuruudaha cusub ee vocalists.

Laxamiistaha muhiim ah coloratura iyo ayaa sheegay in trills, qoraalada nimco iyo gruppetto ma awoodaan si ay u noqdaan aasaas u ah oo luuq ah. In qoraaladii lahayn wax qurxinta, malana, ka harsan tahay kaliya in soprano ah, iyo ka dib gebi ahaanba la joojiyey ka dhibcaha opera. Xisbiga Ragga ee ugu horraysa ee maray xarfo la isticmaalayo horay hore ku tilmaamay "daboolan oo ay dhawaaqa." Artists dhinacyada uu kufiicanyahay samaynta lahaa in ay dib u nidaamin shaqo ee hay'adaha vocal of tessitura sare (meel-sare sare ee dhawaaqa marka loo eego kala duwan oo gabay ah), Yeedhiyaa by milicsiga ee gobolka dareenka jilayaasha. Tani waxay keentay in ay soo bixitaanka of xilli cusub - "Verdi uu kufiicanyahay". .-Abuurka Verdi, 26 operas qurux badan, dhigay masraxa La Scala, calaamadeeyay nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad ee canto bel - farshaxanka keenay kaamil ah oo hanti cod.

World Tour

style vocal Easy iyo xarrago laguma hayn karo gudahood xuduudaha mid gobolka. Under jiidashada si tartiib tartiib ah u soo jeestay ugu of Europe. gabay qurux badan la dhacsan yihiin masraxa caalamka masrixiyada iyo saamayn horumarinta music dhaqanka Yurub. jihada operatic asaasay, loo yaqaan "belkantovoe". Style riixay xuduudaha ay codsiga iyo casilay galay muusikada xarkaha.

Iduna luuq Chopin (1810-1849) ku dhexsameeysmo gabayo dad Polish iyo opera Talyaani canto bel. operas halyeeyad Dreamy oo idiin roon oo J. Mach (1842-1912) ka buuxsamay jiidashada belkantovym. style Impact ahaa sidaas u weyn oo saamayn uu on music ahaa run ahaantii cajiib ah, laga bilaabo classicism in nasjonalromantiske.

dhaqamada xarunta

Aasaasihii of Classics Ruush waxa uu noqday laxamiistaha weyn M. I. Glinka (1804-1857). Isaga oo qoraal orchestral - sublimely lyrical oo isku mar ah taariikhi - buuxsamay melodies, kuwaas oo dib u eegis iyo dhaqanka of songs dad, iyo belkantovaya koobaa of Arias Talyaani. Ay soo jireenka ah Cantilena ahaa la mid ah melodiousness ah usugnaaday songs Ruush - run iyo dhegeysiga. ku badan yihiin ee music badan qoraalka, aflagaado vnutrislogovye (gabyaya furmatey dhawaaqyo gaar ah), soona celin cod, abuurista habayn raagid - this in shuqullada M. I. Glinki (iyo composers kale Ruush) oo dhan si weyn dhis la midoobin dhaqanka ee opera Talyaani. Fado, sida ay dhaleecayn, qalanay "canto bel Ruush" title.

waajihid The xiddigaha

Cajiib Zaman canto bel Talyaani ku dhamaatay 20-mada ay qarnigii XX. Millatariga iyo isbedelka kacaan qarnigii hore quarter gudbeen nuxurka caadi ah opera ka taataabtay fikiro, waxa lagu badalay neoclassicism iyo kala meelaha impressionism, modernismen, futurism, iyo kuwa kale. Weli cod operatic caanka ah ma aysan joojin in ay codsi u masterpieces hees Talyaaniga classical. Art "gabay qurux badan" xaliyay leedahay A. V. Nezhdanova iyo F. I. Shalyapin. sayidkiisa Unsurpassed of jihada gabay ahaa L. Sobinov, kaas oo la magacaabay ka dib markii canto ah bel ee Russia. Great Maria Callas (US) iyo abaalmarinta ah "cod qarnigii" asxaabta horyaalka Dzhoan Sazerlend (Australia), xukunka a lyric Luciano Pavarotti (Italy) iyo Bass unsurpassed Nikolay Gyaurov (Bulgaria) - ay tahay ay ku salaysan tahay sal farshaxanka iyo bilicsanaanta of canto bel Talyaani.

gunaanad

isbeddellada cusub ee music awood uma yeelan in ay qorrax madoobaad iftiimo belkantovoy opera Talyaani classic. qaab Young doondoono jajabka dhawrayay qoraaladii ugu sayid macluumaadka sano ee la soo dhaafay ku neefsashada habboon, goosashada, farshaxan iyo diiniga kale ee codadka. Tani ma aha walaac ah oo aan waxtar lahayn. Waxaan la kulmay daawadayaasha toosay looma baahna maqli fasiraadda casriga ah ee shuqullada classic iyo dhumbadaan ku meel gaadh ah meel farshaxanka weyn kaamil ah hees. Waxaa laga yaabaa in dhexdeeda been isku day ah inay daaha ka rogaan qarsoodiga canto ah bel ka mid ah ifafaale ah - sida in la mamnuuco Zaman on codadka dumar iyo rabitaankayga ah diiwaanka sare lab ah ku dhalan karaa jihada gabay, ka badbaaday qarniyo iyo nidaamka hagaagsan jeestay, dhigin aasaaska ka-dhowr qarniyo, tababarka gabayaaga xirfadeed.