Caasimadda ah ee Bashkortostan. Ufa, Bashkortostan

Ufa - caasimadda ah ee Bashkortostan - xarunta ugu weyn ee sayniska, dhaqan iyo warshadaha oo ka mid ah Urals Southern. Sababo dadaala Ufimtsev, magaalada waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu raaxo ee Russia in ay sii joogaan. Xaqiidii Broad, wadada dheer oo doog ah, isku-dar ah habboonaanta oo ka mid ah afar meelood jir ah iyo guryaha casriga ah u sameeyaan image fiican ee Magaalooyinka ah.

protohistory

Iyadoo qayb ka ah Muscovy Ufa - sida qalcad ah - waxaa la aasaasay 1574. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ay excavations ee magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Ufa-II, caasimada Bashkir ugu yaraan 1,500 oo sano. On dhulka ee magaalada Dr Makumbe helay cadaymo nolosha bulshada firfircoon, meelaha banaan dahab dahabka, goosimo bir ah oo leh raad processing, dhoobada. Sidaas daraaddeed magaalada ahaa waaweyn oo xoog badan. Sida baadhayaashu, ee dejinta Ufa-II - ma in kale, sida magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Bashkirs ah, magaalada halyeeyga reer Iman Kala (Oak Town), kaas oo sidoo kale qoray taariikhyahanka Carabta Idrisi, XII qarnigii.

Modern Ufa (Bashkortostan) waxaa soo degay ka Kremlin, taas oo la dhisay by si of Ivana Groznogo dalka reer Bashkortostan. Ka dib markii qabashada Kazan, boqorka amaanaa ku fekerayey waqti isku mid ah in ay ku xirmaan dhulka la xiriira tataarka Bashkirs ah, laakiin ciidanka ahaa aad u daalay. Kolkaasaa sayidkii Moscow bixiyeen in dadyowga deegaanka si ay si iskood ah ku biiro gobol xoog ku curdinka ah, taas oo uu noqday muhimka ah ee mustaqbalka Russia ee.

From qalcadda in magaalada

Deyr leh ku yaal City ayaa waxaa uu ku yaalaa at cagta ahaa ee buurta lahaa (ee qaybta koonfureed ee Pervomayskaya Square), halkaas oo taallo la qotomiyey Friendship. Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii qaadatay jidadka ugu da'da weyn ee magaalada: Inta badan Kazan (ugu horeysay, iyada 400 sano), Siberian (Mingazheva) Posadskaya Elias, Frolov, Usolye, Budanov, iyo Moscow taliye Sergiyos Bawlos.

Xaaladda magaalada Ufa (Bashkiria) helay 1582kii. Tartiib tartiib, qalcaddayda yar oo loo beddelaa dejinta dhexe oo ka mid ah dadka Bashkir. Halkan waxaa jiray hall ee magaalada - jidhka is-maamula, in 1772 loo beddelaa garsooraha ah. 30 sano ka dib, in 1802, dejinta uu noqdo magaalada ka mid ah gobolka.

qarniyo Ufa XVII-XVIII

Caasimadda ah ee Bashkortostan in muddo this ahaa qalcaddayda caadiga yar gobolka magaalada xadka. Waxay ka koobnayd:

• xabsi;
• keedana Canmex,
• degsiimooyinka magaalada hareeraheeda ah.

Hawsha ugu weyn ay ahayd difaaca magaalada xuduudda koonfur bari ee ballaarinta gobolka Ruush. The xarunta of Ufa ahaa Shuushan, hareereysan a derbiga, ka danbeeya, taas oo, in ay dhacdo cadowga hanjabaad, ayaa laga yaabaa helo hoy dadka deegaanka inteeda kale oo ka mid ah magaalada.

Marka ugu horeysa, dayidiisii ahaayeen in ku dhow 300 oo qof, tirada guud ee qoysaska - ka hooseeya 200. XVII qarnigii dadka firfircoon ee dejinta waa weyn, oo ciidankii reer tirada guud ee dadka deegaanka dhaafo shan iyo toban boqol. adeeg ciidan ka sokow, muwaadiniinta ku hawlan beeraha, xannaanada xoolaha, apiculture, dismaha, beerashada hadhuudh. Ka mid ah farsamada magoolay hargaha iyo tumaal farsamada gacanta (tumaal ku taalla baananka ee caadi ah).

Sida laga soo xigtay wargeysyada, Ufa by dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ayaa koray si 1.058 yards, 2.389 dadka deegaanka ku noolaa halkan, inkastoo, sida ay taariikhyahanadu qaar ka mid ah, markan in Ufa, waxaa jiray in ka badan 3,000 oo qof. Inta badan muwaadiniinta iska ugu badan, reer Falastiin. Badan ka yar ayaa milatariga, baayacmushtariyaashii iyo kuwii gobta ahaa.

network oo dhan ee waddooyinka xarunta taariikhiga ah ee Ufa aasaasay takhasuska ugu weyn ee beerta dhise qorshaynta magaalooyinka Ruush William Hastie, kuwaas oo si gaar ah ayaa la casuumay ka St. Petersburg. Isagu wuxuu u yimid Ufa ee 1819kii.

indhaha

Tan iyo markaas, danta ku hadhay wax yar. dababka soo noqnoqda halaagnay dhismayaasha alwaax iyo dhagaxyo la taagay mid aad u yar. Kaliya dhawr naqshadda taxadiri Qarniyadii faanaa Ufa. Bashkortostan - dhashay ee reer guuraa ah, ha la horumariyo qalab iyo dhaqanka ruuxiga ah.

Mid ka mid ah la ilaashaa, noocyo ka mid ah alwaax naqshadaha - Church oo ka mid ah shafeeco (taariikhaha dib u XIX qarnigii) on wadada Mingazheva. Inta lagu jiro muddada Soviet waxay ku yaaliin shineemo "Yondoz" Hadda dhismaha mar kale noqday kaniisad.

Station taagan dhexdooda dhismayaasha dhagaxa ah ee warshadda pre-kacaan Zaman "Ufa" ah. Bashkiria ee 1888 waxaa ku biireen rail waalidka. Markii hore, laan ka mid ah Railway Samara-Ufa la dhisay. Tan iyo 1890 dhismaha saldhigga u ahaa in ay gacanta ku hoos Samara-Zlatousovskoy, 1949 - Ufa tareenka. Tan iyo 2003, magaca casri ah iyo xaaladda. Currently, tareenka saldhiga adag "Ufa" Oo Qaliin waaweyn ee dayactirka.

Sidoo kale dhawrayay Ufa:

• taliyaha sokeeye House (qarnigii XIX). Haddaba dhismaha this waa Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ee Belarus.
• Taalladaas Architectural sidoo kale waa dhismaha Golaha Sharafta leh (dhisay 1852). Waxa uu ku wareejiyay Academy Ufa ee Arts.
• hay'adaha dhismaha Gobolka (1839). Haddaba bangiga dhiiga this.
• Jiidashada kale.

Dhismaha ugu da'da weyn waxaa loo arkaa inay ku gornozavodchikov guriga geeska dabaq Demidov (on the October Revolution-Street 57). Golaha dhisay bartamihii qarnigii XVIII ka. dhimashada qofkii lahaa, Ivan Demidov Ka dib, 1823 gurigiina waxaa ka iibsaday by FS baayacmushtariga Ufa Safronov. guriga waa caanka ah by xaqiiqada ah in bishii November 1774 waxaa joojiyay Taliyaha A. V. Suvorov.

digga

Caasimadda ah ee Bashkortostan waa magaalooyinkii top millionaire Ruush, qaadashada tirada dadka deggan 11 meel. Bilowga ee 2015 tirada dadka deggan, sida lagu sheegay qiyaaso hordhaca ah, waxa ay 1.1 milyan oo qof. Waxaa kor u kacay marka la barbardhigo bilowgii 2008, ku dhawaad 70 000 oo qof. xaaladda dadka Guud ee 2007 waxa lagu gartaa in la kordhiyo bacriminta, ay hoos u dhacday dhimashada iyo, sida natiijo ah, koritaanka dadka dabiiciga ah. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay tan iyo 1993, Ufa - kaliya magaalada-milyan oo dadka ka mid ah Ruush Federation, halkaasna waxaa ku tiil dabiici ah kororka sanadkii 2008.

Calaamad iyo maamulka

Maamul ahaan, Bashkortostan ah - Jamhuuriyadda. Ufa waa caasimadda ah ee gobolka Ural. 6.09.2007 kulan ee xigeen golaha magaalada ansixiyey calanka ee magaalada. Tani sifo waa in la barbardhigo ah jaakad hubka ee Bashkir caasimada muuqday ee ugu horeysay ee taariikhda oo ka mid ah magaalada. jaakad ee hubka ayaa sidoo kale hore u muuqday sida ugu horreysa ee bartamihii qarnigii XVII iyo soo maray isbedel baaxad leh. jaakad cusub ee hubka ayaa la ansixiyay iyo diiwaan 12.10.2006 Golaha Heraldic. Iyo astaanta, iyo calanka waxaa Attam safraya on marten cagaaran beerta.

Duqa hore ee Ufa ahaa Mihail Alekseevich Zaytsev. At this meel, ayuu lagu wareejiyay ka post sida guddoomiyaha Ufa City Council March 19, 1992. In 1995 M. A. Zaytsev loo doortay Guddoomiyaha koowaad ee Golaha Gobolka - Kurultai - Jamhuuriyadda Bashkortostan. Isagu waa muwaadin sharaf magaalada Ufa. Maanta (2015) waa madaxa GO II Ufa ku Yalalov.

Meelaha of Bashkortostan kala qaybsan yihiin degmooyin. Taa baddalkeeda, Ufa u qaybsan yahay toddoba degmo iyo 45 degsiimooyinka miyiga, ay ku keceen. Magaaladu waxay leedahay 1237 jidadka. Ay wadar ahaan dhererka ku salaysan galo, gabiyada waa 1475,2 kiiloomitir. In agglomeration Ufa nool of 1.4 milyan oo qof (2008), ama saddex meelood hal meel tirada guud ee Jamhuuriyadda.

warshadaha

A dadka runtii adag-shaqeeya ee Jamhuuriyadda Bashkortostan waa caan. Capital - waa laga reebo lahayn. The shirkadaha warshadaha ugu weyn waxaa ku yaalla qaybta waqooyi ee magaalada. iyaga ka mid ah, kooxda reer Bashkir turxaan ah oo saliid lagu daayeen, oo Ufa Engine-Building Association (UMPO). wadada dhexe ee aagga warshadaha - Pervomayskaya, labada kooxood ay madaxa loo saaraa taaj laba Palace quruxda badan ee dhaqanka (S. Ordzhonikidze iyo ururada Ufa Engine.).

Dhismaha ayaa waxaa kujira oo ku saabsan laba darsin shirkadaha baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan lahaanshaha. iyaga ka mid ah waxaa loo yeedhi karaa "Fund Housing RB", "Investment iyo Dhismaha Guddiga Ufa", "Bashkir Investment iyo Shirkadda Dhismaha", "Bashkir warshadaha iyo shirkad dhisme" Institute "Bashkirgrazhdanproekt", "Archproject", "Bashmeliovodhoz" "meel Open" hufnaanta iyo kuwa kale.

Warshad ugu horeeyay awood la dhisay, 02/01/1898 ka. Waxaa la dhisay injineer N. V. Konshinym qarashkiisa u gaar ah iyo si ay ugu deeqdo korontada guryaha ka mid ah oo hodan ah, hay'adaha magaalooyinka, goobaha warshadaha iyo ganacsiga. Lfi iyo wadada dhexe, kaas oo 50 laambadihii ARC ayaa lagu rakibay. Maanta, dhererka guud ee caasimada nalalka of khadadka Bashkortostan waa 1669,23 kiiloomitir, oo ay ku jiraan 549,3 kilomitir - khadadka cable. nalalka Street ayaa Mwepya "Ufagorsvet".

formation

Caasimadda ah ee Bashkortostan - xarun la aqoonsan yahay sayniska iyo waxbarashada. The dugsiyada ugu horeysay loogu yeedhay "tsifirnaya" iyo "ciidankii". Tsifirnaya furay markii Butros. About dugsiga, in yar oo loo yaqaan - ayaa ka badbaaday "daqiiqado" nooc ka mid ah Cadaab kaliya, ardayda waxa laga reebay in ay guursadaan, haddii ay si iskood ah ka tago dugsiga. ciidanku waxay la baray waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee xisaabta, akhriska, qalcado madaafiic. In 1778, dugsiga waxaa loo wareejiyay magaalada ciidankii reer Orenburg ah.

Furitaanka machadka ugu horeysay ee ka dhacay 10.04.1909 sano. Waxay ahayd Institute Ufa Macallimiinta '. Halkan diyaariyey macalimiinta afka Ruush, xisaabta, fisigiska, sayniska dabiiciga ah, taariikh, iyo diiniga kale. Markaas waxaa loo beddelaa Bashkir koriska Institute magacaabay ka dib markii K. A.Timiryazeva. Tan iyo 1957 - University Bashkir State. Maanta waxaa jira in ka badan dersin jaamacadaha iyo boqolaal ka mid ah dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, dugsiyada sare.

Dhaqanka iyo Cayaaraha

Caasimadda ah ee Bashkortostan sidoo kale waa caasimadda dhaqanka Gobolka. Bashkir State Philharmonic furay Ufa 1939 sunagogga hore on Gogol Street, 58. Waxaa la abaabulay laxamiistaha iyo jilaa Gaziz Almukhametov. United Philharmonic Choir, operetta, naxaas ah, orchestras dad iyo nidaamo kale.

In 1274 goobaha isboortiga Ufa, oo ay ku jiraan 4 garoon oo la taagan tahay 1,500 kursi ama in ka badan, ka Palace ee Sports, iyadoo labo dhib macmal baraf, racecourse "Akbuzat" bootin adag, adag biathlon "Ufa-Arena", garoon casri ah "Dynamo". Waxaa la malaysan iyo dhismaha beeraha biyaha ee Ufa. Waxaa xusid mudan in meeshu tahay Ufa.