Biography kooban oo ili Ilicha Mechnikova: taariikhda nolosha, daahfurtay, guulaha iyo muuqaalada waxqabad

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich, Biography (sheeko nolosha) waa mid aad u xiiso - embryologist Ruush, immunologist iyo bacteriologist. saynisyahan waxa uu noo soo bandhigay la helay muhiim badan ee sayniska. In 1908, kii ayaa loo Nobel Prize ee Physiology ama Medicine Prize. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taasi waa uun mid ka mid ah guulaha badan ili Ilicha. Biography kooban oo ili Ilicha Mechnikova adiga ku bari doonaa nolosha iyo daahfurtay asaasiga ah by saynisyahano sameeyey.

Ile Iliche maqlay oo ku saabsan labada biology gudaha iyo dibadda, immunology iyo jirka. Seefqaad in ay ka shaqeeyaan saar iyo sida xayawaan daryeelle iyo sida embryologist ah iyo sida pathologist ah. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii embryology evolutionary waa. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu waxaa lagu tiriyaa la helay ee dheefshiidka intracellular iyo phagocytosis, iyo in ka badan. All tani waa in ka badan ku filan in badan oo idinka mid ah waxaa laga yaabaa xiiso Biography kooban ili Ilicha Mechnikova.

asalka ah ee cilmiga mustaqbalka

Wuxuu ku dhashay tuulada Ivanovka (meel u dhow Kharkov, Ukraine) ee 1845. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa sarkaal ka mid ah ciidamada booliska qarsoodi Saarka Ilya Ivanovich, intii ka adeegi jirtay St. Petersburg. Ka hor inta uusan u dhaqaaqin dubaan, Ukraine, ninkan kaararka laga badiyay qayb weyn oo ka mid ah yarad ah oo uu naagtiisa iyo hantida qoyska. Emiliya Mechnikova (nee - Nevakhovich) ahayd hooyadii waxa ili Ilicha. Aabaha naagtan ahaa qoraa Yuhuudda hodanka Lev Nevahovich. Emilia qeyb ka xaqiiqda ah in wiilkeeda, ee la soo dhaafay shan carruur ah, doortay saynisyahan xirfado.

Waxbarashada ee Lyceum iyo University of

Biography kooban oo ili Ilicha Mechnikova sheegay in laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda uu ahaa xiisaynayso ee taariikhda dabiiciga ah. Future saynisyahanka bartay wanaagsan in Kharkov Lyceum. At da'da 16 sano Mechnikov qoray maqaal ah in la soo bandhigay in ay dhaleeceyn ah ee buugaagta ee cilmi dhul. Waxaa la daabacay wargayska Moscow. Ka dib markii qalin sharaf dugsiga sare (ee 1862), Ilya Ilyich go'aansaday inuu soo qaato waxbarasho ee qaab-dhismeedka gacanta. Oo intuu tegey ayuu u yeelay ee University of Wurzburg. Dhalaya si ay niyadda, Ilya Mechnikov u safray Germany. Waxa uu xitaa ma oga in kaliya ka dib markii 6 asbuuc shaqo bilaabin. Marka magaalo la yaab leh oo keliya, aqoonta Jarmal aan, Ilya go'aansaday inuu ku laabto Jaamacadda Kharkov. Oo haddana wuxuu keenay tarjumaadda Jarmal ee buugga "The Origin of Species by Means of Selection dabiiciga ah 'by Charles Darwin. Seefqaad, ka dib markii kitaabkan akhrintiisa, waxaan noqday taageere u ahaa aragtida ah ee horumar.

Mechnikov ugu horeeya ee furitaanka

Ilya Ilyich qalin Kharkiv Dabcan jaamacad 4-sano ee 2 sano. Horeba yaqaanaan qaabka xayawaanka hoose (buushka, dirxi iyo xawayaanka kale), Ilya Mechnikov ogaaday in noolaha more xeel, sida ay aragti Darwin ee, in qaab dhismeedka waa in ay leeyihiin xidhiidh ah la jirtaa, kuwa awowayaashood. embryology laf waqtiga ahaa kuwa aad u fiican horumaray badan embryology ee xawayaanka. Ilya Mechnikov qaatay daraasadda 3-sano ee soo socota ah meelaha yar-sahamiyey. Waxa uu u safray meelo kala duwan oo Europe: booqday saabsan. Helgoland badda woqooyi, ee shaybaarka ee R. Leuckart dhow Frankfurt, ee Naples, halkaas oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay Aleksandrom Kovalevskim, a xayawaan dhallinyarada Ruush. Work, halkaas oo ay ku muujiyeen in xayawaanka multicellular layers jeermiga waa homologous (ay qaab-dhismeedka waa isku mid), sida ay noqon waa ka foomamka la xiriira ee asal ahaan caadi ah, ayaa keenay saynisyahano premium a ke von Baer. Waqtigaa, Mechnikov kaliya jeestay 22 sano jir ah. Sababo la danab badan waqtigan wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax yeelo indhahayga. Mechnikov walaacsan qidmeyntii this for a dheeraad ah muddo 15 sano ah. Waxa uu yeelin in la microscope a shaqeeyaan.

waxbarashada Doctoral, muxaadarooyin, iyo ka qayb duulaan ku

Ka dib markii kooxda difaacaneysa uu sha ku saabsan horumarinta SNMna of Kalluunka iyo xayawaanka qolofleyda, kaas oo ka dhacay 1867, in uu helay uu doctorate Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee sano uu ka dib, waxa uu la xidhiidhaa caasimada Ruushka, sida, wuxuu iska difaacay at St. Petersburg University oo bilaabay barayay halkan anatomy la barbardhigo iyo cilmi barasho xayawaan. 6 sano wuxuu siiyey muxaadarooyin ee jaamacadda. Markaas Ilya Mechnikov noqday xubin ka mid ah duulaan ku anthropological. Wada jir ah ula cilmi kale, intuu ku socday inuu Badda Caspian ah, in meesha ay degan yihiin ee Kalmyks ah. Ujeedada duulaan ku - cabbirka cabbiraadda jirka, jidaynayey ka mid ah Kalmyks u tartanka Mongoloid. Mechnikov laabtay in Odessa loo doortay professor ah kaaliyaha ee Jaamacadda Novorossiysk.

Life in Odessa iyo u dhaqaaqo Italy, helitaanka phagocytes

Odessa, ee ku taalla Badda Madow ahayd meel aad u weyn si ay u sahamiyaan set xoolaha badda. Ardayda jeclaa Ilyu Ilicha, laakiin sii kordhaya qalalaasaha siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ee Russia waqtiga dulmay saynisyahan in.

In 1881, ka dib dilkii Alexander II oo ah, xoojiyeen falalka socodnimo ee xukuumadda cusub. Iska casilay Mechnikov u dhaqaaqay Italy (Messina). Halkan, sidii uu dib u soo celin, isagoo horumar degdeg ah a hawlaha cilmi ay. Mechnikov noqday pathologist ah. Jir- naftiisa bedelay ay sabab u tahay furitaanka indhaynta ili Ilicha of dirxiga of kalluun ah. saynisyahan ayaa sheegay in unugyada motile of xayawaan hareerayn jidhka ajnabi ah, oo ka dibna u nuugo. arrin A la mid ah ayaa lagu arkay jawaabta bararka ee jirka aadanaha. Haddii jidhka oo ajnabi ah oo yaryar waa ku filan, unugyada Baadi (phagocytes Mechnikov u yeedhay) si buuxda u nuugo cusub ee.

aragti Mechnikov

Mechnikov ma ahaa kii ugu horeeyay aragto in unugyada dhiiga cad ee meydadkii xayawaanka cunaan noolaha ku soo duuley xadka, oo ay ka mid yihiin bakteeriyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in geeddi-socodka lagu arkay nuugista ee inta badan loo isticmaalaa qaybinta iyada oo jirka ka mid ah walxaha shisheeye iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka wareegga dhiigga. Ilya Ilyich qabtay sharaxaad kale. Si aad waxa dhacaya, wuxuu eegay iyada oo indhaha u embryologist ah. phagocytes Mobile ee dirxiga kalluun ha kaliya ma u nuugo wax shisheeye. Waxay sidoo kale wada baabbi'in unugyada kale marka jirku uu mar dambe iyaga u baahan yihiin. leukocytes aadanaha iyo phagocytes kalluun homologous embryological, maxaa yeelay, labadooduba waxay ka mesoderm ka iman. Laga soo bilaabo tan, saynisyahano soo gabagabeeyey in, sida phagocytes, unugyada dhiiga cad u qabtaan shaqo nadaafadeed ama ilaaliya. Markaas Ilya I. muujiyeen sida unugyadan Xeerka warwareegi jireen oo hufan boodada biyaha.

Metchnikoff danbe qoraal cudurka, sida ay this la xiqiijiyay, dagaal u dhaxeeya jirka iyo phagocytes microbes dibadda ka soo galay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadihii la soo dhaafay fikradda ili Ilicha Ogayn by saynisyahano. Marka tan la eego, guud ahaan, waxay ahayd caadiga ah ee xubno sida Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Biography. saynisyahano Great inta badan ma aqbalaan bulshada sayniska, iyo waxa ay qaadataa waqti si aad u hesho fikrado waxay ahaayeen aqoonsi si fiican u qalantay. Dareenkan, xataa Mechnikov nasiib - adeegyada waxaa lagu mahadiyo abaalmarinta ee Nobel Prize, inkastoo aan si dhakhso ah. Laakiin waxaa inta badan u dhacdaa in warkiisii in rag waaweyn timaaddaa oo keliya dhintay ka dib.

Ku noqo Odessa

Mechnikov 1886 in Odessa ku soo laabtay. Wuxuu madax Institute bakteeriyadda ah, ee dhawaan la soo abaabulay. Halkan saynisyahan yahay si ay u sahamiyaan saamaynta daayeer phagocytes, bakaylaha iyo eeyaha on microbes keena qandho noqoshada iyo erysipelas. shaqaalaha ayaa sidoo kale ka shaqeeya si ay u horumariyaan tallaalka cudurka kudka ido iyo daacuun digaag. Mechnikov lahaa in la newspapermen macaamiloon, damacdaa dareenka, iyo sidoo kale dhakhaatiirta maxalliga ah, kuwaas oo isaga lagu eedeeyay la'aanta waxbarashada caafimaadka. In 1887, Ilya Ilyich go'aansaday inuu mar labaad Russia ka tago. Biography kooban oo ili Mechnikova ayaa weli socda caasimada Faransiiska.

Nolosha Paris, sii baranaya phagocytes

In Paris uu kula kulmay lui Pasterom. saynisyahan Faransiis isaga codsaday in ay madaxa shaybaarka cusub abuuray machadka Pasteur ah. Inta lagu jiro 28 sano ee soo socda, Mechnikov halkan soo shaqeeyay, sii si ay u sahamiyaan phagocytes ah.

shuqullada Mechnikov dhigay in Paris, kaalin weyn in tiro ka mid ah daahfurtay aasaasiga ah oo ku saabsan nooca jawaabta difaaca jirka. Zhyul Borde, arday ka mid ah ili Ilicha ayaa muujisay waxa doorkii burburinta microbes ciyaara complement (walax laga helay serum caadi ah). Waxaa iyaga ka dhigaa laga baqaa in ay phagocytes.

fikrado kale Mechnikov

Marka fikradda ah oo ka mid ah shaqada unugyada dhiiga cad iyo muhiimadda ay leedahay phagocytosis ayaa noqday si caddaalad ah baahsan dhex immunologists bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan fikrado kale Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. xogta sayniska Taariikh nololeed oo ku dul waxaa ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh. Gaar ahaan, wuxuu ka hadlay dhibaatada ah ee gabow iyo dhimasho. Mechnikov daabacay 1903 buug on "orthobiosis", taas oo ah, awood u leeyahay inuu ku noolaado midig. shaqada waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Nature of Man". Waxaa la sheegay oo ku saabsan muhiimadda ay leedahay nafaqada, iyo sidoo kale sida loogu baahan yahay isagoo ah waxyaabaha caanaha cunto hannaanka, gaar ahaan yogurt, si cajiib leh ula bulgaricus lactobacillus. Magaca Ilya Mechnikov sidoo kale la socda hab caan ah oo soo saarta yogurt. Habkani wuxuu noqday ganacsi guul, laakiin saynisyahan a wax lacag ah oo uu ku helay laakiin ma uu qaadan.

Biography kooban oo ili Mechnikova calaamadeeyay dhacdo weyn ee 1908. Waxaa markaas ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan on difaac, kii ayaa loo Nobel Prize ee Medicine iyo Physiology Prize. Its wada helay Paul Ehrlich iyo Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Mikrobiyoolojiistayaash. Biography ili Ilicha sii dhacdooyinka naftiisa shakhsiyeed.

nolosha Personal Mechnikov

In 1869, saynisyahan a guursaday Lyudmila Fedorovich, la buka cudurka qaaxada. Lamaanahan ayaa carruurna ma ay lahayn. Marka naagtiisa ku dhintay 4 sano ka dib, Mechnikov isku dayo by qaadashada morphine. Iyada oo ka shaqeeya University Odessa, in 1875, oo uu kula kulmay Olga Belokopytova, arday 15-jir ah, oo iyada guursaday. Kadib markii ay qandaraas qandho tiifowga, Ilya Ilyich mar kale isku dayay in ay naftooda dilaan, hadda la wakiilada duro of noqoshada qandho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay si adag uga bukay, wuuna bogsaday. Waxaa intaa dheer, cudurka dhimi sawir isagoo sidaas caan ku saynisyahan this, iyo sidoo kale sabab u ah aragtida wanaagsanaaday. In Mechnikov iyo xaaskiisa labaad carruurna ma ay lahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii waalidiinta dhintay Olga, Mechnikovs steel yala saddexdii gabdhood oo iyadii iyo labadeedii walaalo ah.

Dhimashada saynisyahan weyn

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov: Biography, hawlaha qoyska - oo dhan of this, waxaan ku kooban dib loo eego. Waxaa weli kaliya in la yidhaahdo in Ilya Mechnikov dhintay July 15, 1916 ee Paris, ka dib markii weerarro xiriir ah oo wadnaha. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu ku noolaa 71 sano.

Sidaas daraaddeed, Biography kooban ili Ilicha Mechnikova soo bandhignay ee dalka durkiya ee uu noloshiisa iyo guulihii ugu muhiimsan. Ma waxaad doonayay in ay sii wadaan yiqiin la saynisyahan weyn? Waxa hubaal ah in uu u qalmo Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. Biography kooban oo uu si cad ku filnayn waxbarasho ee shakhsiyadda iyo fikradaha cilmiga ee magnitude this. Ma aha oo kaliya in dalkeena laakiin adduunka oo dhan ku leeyahay amar Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Qoraayaashii dhakhtarro, xitaa ugu caansan, waa dhif in ay awoodaan in ay u tartamaan isaga la guulihii ah.