Arnold Schoenberg: Biography oo si kooban shaqo, sawiro

Arnold Schoenberg, kooban hal abuur leh, taas oo lagu tilmaami karaa cusub, ku noolaa nolol xiiso leh iyo il qabad leh. Ciise wuxuu galay taariikhda music dunida sida kacaan ah ayaa ka dhigay kacaanka ee ka kooban, abuuray uu dugsiga u gaar ah oo muusiko ah, tegey, oo dhaxalkaygiina xiiso leh iyo Galaxy a dhan oo xertii. Arnold Schoenberg - mid ka mid ah composers ugu weyn ee qarniga 20aad.

Childhood Family iyo

September 13, 1874tii ee Vienna, waxa uu ku dhashay Arnold Schoenberg, kuwaas oo Biography ma sahlanaan doonto, laakiin waxaa la mar walba la xiriira music ah. qoyska Schoenberg ee ku noolaa xaafadaha geetooyinka ah oo Yuhuudi ah. Aabbaha - Samuel Schoenberg - wuxuu ku dhashay Pressburg, waxaan lahaa dukaan kabaha yar. Hooyo - Pauline Nachod - hooyo ah Prague, wuxuu ahaa macalin of biyaano. Arnold ahaa carruurnimada caadi ah, aysan jirin wax calaamado ah oo mustaqbalkiisa weyn.

Helitaanka shaqooyinka

Laga soo bilaabo da'da hore hooyadeed bilaabay inuu wax baro music ee Arnold, wuxuu siiyey rajo. Laakiin hab ay u sii wataan waxbarashadooda in qoyska ma ahaa. Oo wuxuu bartay sayniska ee is-Halabuurka. A casharo yar ee counterpoint isaga siiyey in-sharciga, laxamiistaha caanka ah Austria iyo kaari, waayo, kii Sister Shenberga Matilda guursaday - Alexander von Zemlinsky. Fanaaniinta yihiin saaxiibo aad u wanaagsan, nolosha ka hadhay ku fikirno oo inta badan ka caawiyay kasta oo talooyin kale oo ku saabsan farshaxanka ku dooday. Waxaa si xoog leh lagula talinayaa in saaxiibkiisa Zemlinsky si ay u noqdaan qoraa xirfad kasta oo muusiko ah. laxamiistaha ugu mustaqbalka Arnold Schoenberg isagoo da 'yar oo ceyrisay dareemay yeedhistiisu, iyo in kastoo duruufaha ma ahaa ee raallinimo, uu waqtiga firaaqada ah si music dhan siiyey.

Start ee xirfadiisa

qoyska ku noolaa nolol barwaaqo ah, oo markuu aabbihiis dhintay, halka Arnold ahayd 15, oo waxay noqotay mid aad u adag. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa wuxuu lahaa in ay qaataan on shaqo kasta. Arnold Schoenberg shaqeeyay sidii karaaniga bangi, peddler iibsadaan hogaaminayo ku-heesid shaqaalaha, ku qoray orchestrations for operettas. Laakiin isagu ma ka tanaasulaan waxbarashada uu ku music wakhtiga uu firaaqada uu ku qoray shuqulladiisa u gaar ah. Horeba 1898 ee Vienna ayaa markii ugu horeysay ku samayn doonaa shuqullada by Schoenberg goobta. In 1901 wuxuu aaday inuu Berlin, halkaas oo uu ka dhigaa duruusta muusikada ee darantahay conservatory xitaa uu keenaysaa Dabcan kooban ka.

Wakhtigan uu noqday ogyahay Gustavom Malerom, taas oo saameyn weyn ku aragtida ah dunida of Schoenberg. In 1903 wuxuu in Vienna noqdeen, oo waxay bilaabeen ka shaqeeya dugsiga music ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, uu u qoro music muddada this, waxaa la soo gaaray in xeerkii dugsiga Jarmal ee composers ee qarnigii 19aad. The shaqada ugu weyn ee wajiga waxa ay kala yihiin: U Safartay string "beddelmay Night" gabay "Pelleas et Melisande" (1902-1903 GG.), Cantata The "Songs Gurria" (1900-1911 GG.). Arnold Schoenberg khilaafeen awood weyn oo loogu talagalay shaqada, bilowga ah ee jidka, ayuu wax ku baray waqti isku mid ah, ayuu qoray music ah, siiyey riwaayada.

Biography iyo music

In Schoenberg shuqullada laxamiistaha ugu waa saddex: midab (ka 1898 si ay u 1908), atonal (1909-1922 GG.) Oo dodecaphony (tan iyo 1923). muusikiiste Evolution lala ay search waddo cusub oo hadal cusub. Uu qaddar waxaa marka hore lala expressionism, kaas oo uu markii dambe ka dhigaysa uu helay kacaan. Ka hor 1907, Schoenberg guurayaan waafaqsan music classical dhaqanka. Laakiin sanadkaan uu jiro isbeddel xagjirka ah ee uu dunida farshaxanka, waxa u maleeyo in badan oo ku saabsan music, ku qoray shuqul afka baarkiisa. Waxaa jira dhibaatooyin uu afka muusikada, damacsanaayeen intay kor u dissonance, laakiin weli xajisto noolaanshaha dhaqanka.

Oo 1909, wuxuu bilaabaa wareega cusub ee uu noloshiisa. In 1911, Arnold Schoenberg, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa Muqdsho ee dunida oo muusiko ah, waxayna u socdeen Berlin, halkaas oo muddo 4 sano ah uunana socod sida kaari dhabarka. Waqtigaa uu hore u muusikiiste si fiican u yaqaan in Europe. In 1915, laxamiistaha ugu muddo laba sano ah qoreen ciidanka. Xilligan waxa lagu gartaa diidmada Tone atonal xarunta shaqada Schoenberg 12 isku si siman codsan midab qiyaasta chromatic. In 1923 wuxuu helay horyaalka of professor of music iyo martiqaad inay ka shaqeeyaan School Berlin ee Music. Iyada oo soo socda si ay awood ah naasiga ee 1933, Schoenberg ka Conservatory diray, oo wuxuu ka cabsaday inay cadaadis dheeraad ah, isagoo ka wakiil ah ummadda Yuhuudda, ku Hijrootaan. First wuxuu u kacay France, iyo ka dib oo dalka Mareykanka ah.

Muddada saddexaad ee laxamiistaha ugu calaamadsan oo uu helay waaweyn. Waxa uu bilaabaa inuu ka dalbanayaan xagga ururka qumman ee taxanaha muusikada, walxuhu yihiin dhisay oo ka mid ah laba iyo toban metrik in aan la soo noqnoqda oo isku xigta la mid ah. Sidaas waxaa jira music a dodecaphonic. In Shengberga shaqeeyaa si buuxda u fikiri Zaman, full of isbedel, iyo sidoo kale uu waayo-aragnimo dareenka shakhsi ahaan.

aragti of music

laxamiistaha ayaa had iyo jeer isku dayay in uu xakameeyo qaab iyo hab ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada ka mid ah uu music, soo socda inta badan isag. Sidaa darteed, dhammaan khibradaha uu durkin iyo shakhi ayaa soo bandhigay waraaqo waaweyn ee sayniska. In 1911, Arnold Schoenberg qoray uu shaqada ugu horeysay teori waaweyn "Madhabta ee wada noolaanshaha." Durba waxa ku jira, ayuu ku qeexan fikradaha uu ku saabsan wada noolaanshaha ah farqiga u, taas oo ugu muhiimsan isaga oo dhan ayuu naftiisa u ahaa. Buugani waxa uu noqday shaqada kaliya ee si buuxda u dhameeyey ee laxamiistaha ugu. Later, ayuu kor u qaadataa qoraal shuqullada dhowr waqti isku mid ah, si joogto ah canaanto iyo iyaga appends, intii uu noolaa, iyagu ma waxaa la daabacay.

Kaliya ee 1994 ka shaqeeyaan in nuurka, weheliso galay mid ka mid mugga - ". Xiriirka, counterpoint, orchestration, cilmiga ee foomka" shakhi Kuwani on macquulka muusikada iyo fikirka ku saabsan orchestration ee layliyada diyaarinta ee counterpoint oo mana ay dhameystirtay by author ee ka kooban, laakiin si ay u muujiyaan jihada oo waxaana ku jiray uu cilmi baaris. "Fundamentals of Curiska Musical" ayaa lagu daabacay dabayaaqadii 20 ardayda sayid qarnigii. Arnold Schoenberg kaalin muhiim ah in aragti kasta oo muusiko ah, uu ahaa awoodaan si ay u arkaan horumar ah ee fikirka muusikada iyo rajayn dhinaca horumarinta ee sanadaha soo socda. In wuxuu qoray, Schoenberg ka tarjumaysaa on daacadnimada sheyga, horumarinta fikrad muusikada iyo u imanayaa inuu monotonalnosti fikradda ah.

dhaqdhaqaaqa Waxbarashada

Laxamiistaha nolosha ku hawlan waxbaridda - koowaad ee dugsiga, ka dibna at conservatory ee Berlin. In la masaafuriyey, oo uu ka shaqeeyay ee Jaamacadda Boston, Southern California, Los Angeles, barayay aragti music iyo Halabuurka. Arnold Schoenberg abuuray dugsiga oo dhan composers, kaas oo la odhan jiray "Viennese School labaad". Uu la soo koray by ardayda ku jirta ruuxa, adeegga si music ah, ma uu iyaga kula talin si adag u raacaan uu tusaale ahaan, lana dooni kaliya hab iyaga u gaar ah ee farshaxanka. Isaga oo ardayda ugu fiican loo arkaa A. Berg iyo Anton Webern, kan ilaa ugu dambaysta hadhay aamin fikradaha iyo kordhay composers madax banaan istaahila in macalimiinta. Schoenberg keentay dhammaan maadooyinka muusikada, iyadoo si gaar ah xoogga la polyphony, taas waxaa loo arkaa ku salaysan heer sare ah. Iyada oo xertiisii laxamiistaha sii waday in ay si dhow ula falgalaan iyo ka dib markii ay sii daayo, waxa ay ahayd amar unquestioned. Tani waa waxa uu u ogolaaday isaga si ay u sameeyaan Galaxy ka mid ah dadka sida maskax.

Dodecaphony Arnolda Shenberga

Arnold Schoenberg, Biography gaaban oo lagu tilmaami karo in hal eray "dodecaphony", ayaa noqday ideologue iyo propagandist for jihada cusub ee music. In ay search, waayo, qorniinkii ugu dhaqaalo muusikada laxamiistaha ugu timaado in fikradda ah nidaamka ka kooban 12-midab. Taas ayaa ka dhigaysa daahfurka laxamiistaha dib-u-bartaan in ay ka koobanahay music, isagu waa wax badan oo tijaabinayaan foomka, raadinaya fursado cusub oo loogu talagalay hab zvukochastotnogo ay.

Fundamentals of technology cusub waxa u ku imtixaamaa on xabbadood biyaano, kaas oo sheegay in wax badan. Later, wuuna tagaa abuurka shuqullo waaweyn (shidmaan, quartets, orchestras) ee style cusub. daahfurtay in uu si qoto dheer u saameeyay horumarinta music qarnigii 20aad. Uu fikrad, taas oo uu si buuxda u horumarsan, ayaa soo gaaray dadka taabacsan, horumariyo, kaamil ah, oo mararka qaar si daal. Uu qayb music laftiisa muujiyey dadaal si loo dardar foomka muusikada.

shuqullada ugu weyn

Arnold Schoenberg tagay a dhaxalka muusikada weyn. Laakiin uu shaqada ugu muhiimsan waa opera diiqid "Muuse iyo Haaruun," fikradda ah in u muuqday in ay 20 ee qarnigii 20aad iyo bixitaankii horumar oo dhan iyo raadinta laxamiistaha ugu. In opera Schoenberg ee iskuna uu aragti falsafadeed oo dhan, naftiisa oo dhan. Waxaa kaloo muhiim ah inay shuqullo laxamiistaha ee ka mid ah: "Chamber Symphony", Op. 9, opera "Lucky Hand", 5 Piano Cadad, Op. 23, "ODE in Napoleon".

nolosha Personal

Arnold Schoenberg, kuwaas oo sawiro laga arki karaa maanta oo dhan buugaagta on taariikhda music, ku noolaa nolol mashquul. Waxa intaa dheer in music, wuxuu mashquul ku ahaa rinjiyeynta, shuqulkiisa ayaa la soo bandhigay in meelo waaweyn ee Europe. Wuxuu ahaa saaxiib la ah Kokoschka, Kandinsky, wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Academy Prussian ee Arts. Intii uu nolosha, ayuu qoray oo ku saabsan 300 shuqullada.

Arnold Schoenberg guursaday markii ugu horeysay arrin hore, waayo, wuxuu ku noqday 1898 Protestant ah. Xaaska khiyaameeyay isaga, u tageen inay iyadii lover, laakiin markaas ka soo laabtay qoyska, iyo saaxiibkeed ka go'an ismiidaamin ah. Xaaskiisa Matilda ku dhintay 1923, oo waxay ku dhamaatay muddada qasan ee nolosha shakhsiyeed laxamiistaha ee. Sannad ka dib wuxuu guursaday walaashii of violinist iyo farxad leh, iyada oo la noolaa inta kale ee nolosha. In 1933 wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ku laabto diinta Yuhuudda, oo ag maraaba xaflad ku haboon sunagogga Paris.

Cabsata Arnolda Shenberga

Laxamiistaha aadka u caqli badan, xirfadaha xisaabta, laakiin sidoo kale mabda'a aan buuxin jiray shisheeye isaga. naftiisa oo dhan iyo dabagalka cabsi la yaab leh oo ka muujisay. Waa maxay laxamiistaha xun cabsan Arnold Schoenberg? Oo isna wuxuu lahaa cuqdad naadir ah - uu hadalladaas hortiisa 13. Waxa uu ku dhashay on tirada this, ee Meyeydaan wax iska ilaalinta guryo iyo qolal hotel hoos tiradaasi at. Sidaas waxa cabsi Arnold Schoenberg danbeyn? lambarada? No, dabcan, wuxuu ka cabsaday dhimasho. Waxa uu xaqiijiyay in uu u dhiman doono on 13 ka mid ah tirada in 76 - gaadhaya 13 - keeni doonaa dhimashada. sanadka oo dhan soo socda dhalashadiisa 76aad, wuxuu ku noolaa Xaalkiisa, ilaa maalin maalmaha ka mid tageen inay sariirta hubaal ah in ku dhiman doonaa, waayo, maanta. Wuxuu maalintii oo dhan ku qaatay sariirta, sugaya saacaddii u dambaysay. By Galab, naagtii dumiyey oo isaga lagu qasbay in ay joojiso qabashadeeda wax doqonimo ah oo ka degaysid sariirta. Laakiin 13 daqiiqo ka hor saqdii dhexe, ayuu yiri ereyga "wada noolaanshaha" iyo adduun ka tagay. Sidaas daraaddeed, July 13, 1951 dunida luntay laxamiistaha weyn.