Alexander Golovanov: Biography iyo sawirka

Alexander Golovanov - yaqaan Taliyaha ciidamada gudaha intii ka adeegi jirtay ciidankii Soviet. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey diyaaradda Soviet long-range, iyo sidoo kale ciidamada 18-Air. Dagaalka ka dib, waxaa loo doortay in uu hoggaamiyo oo dhan duulista long-range of USSR. In 1944 wuxuu u dallacsiiyey in Chief of Air Marshal. In taariikhda Workers 'iyo beeralay' Army Red noqday sirkaalka wax qora ugu da'da yaraa.

Childhood iyo dhalinyarada ee pilot mustaqbalka

Alexander Golovanov waxa uu ku dhashay 1904. Waxa uu ku dhashay Empire Ruush ah magaalada weyn - Nizhniy Novgorod. waxay ahaayeen labadiisii waalid dadka deegaanka si fiican u yaqaan ee magaalada. Hooyo - Fanaanada opera iyo aabbihiis - Kabtanka markabka jiidista. 8-sano jir ah Alexander Golovanov ahaa barashada arday Alexander ku Corps. Sidaas daraaddeed idinkoo ilma ah, waxaa la go'aamiyay in uu noqon doono ciidamada mustaqbalka.

The Red ilaalada galay geesiga of this article, markii aan ahaa wiil dhalinyaro ah. Bishii Oktoobar 1917, waxa uu ahaa sano oo kaliya 13 jir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ay calaamadaha dibadda uu la siiyey oo badan. Waxa uu eegay oo dhan 16, iyo koritaanka hoos laba mitir ahaa.

Ka dib markii guusha Revolution October waxaa laga sameeyey, waayo, amar Soviet. Horeba 1918, wuxuu bilaabay inuu si ay u helaan nolol. Alexander Golovanov Molde sano, u baxay inuu ka shaqeeyo xafiiska boostada a "Profsohleb", qabanqaabiyaa Commissariat Cuntada.

Ka qayb qaadashada Dagaalkii Sokeeye

Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Sokeeye, Alexander Golovanov. Waxa uu loo xilsaaray indheynta ah ee lugta ku Ciidankii 59aad, kuwaas oo u adeegeen ergooyinka dagaalka ku hor koonfurta. In mid ka mid ah dagaalka ayuu miir daboolmay.

Ka dhigista lagu kaliya ee 1920. Golovanov Aleksandr hore u sii go'aansaday in adeegga madaniga ah uusan isaga ahaan. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaan soo galay ee loo yaqaan Chung ah. Tani waa qayb ka mid ah ujeeddo gaar ah. Tan iyo markii waagu ee USSR ee lagu magacaabay maleeshiyada communist in jirey unugyada xisbiga kala duwan. Shaqadoodu waxay ahayd si ay u fuliyaan waajibaadka ilaalada goobaha muhiimka ah ee, si kasta oo macquul si ay u caawiyaan dowladda Soviet in halganka ka dhanka counter-kacaanka.

Markii hore safafka Chun la sameeyey oo kaliya xubnaha xisbiga iyo murashaxiinta xisbiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by 1920, markii Chung biiray Golovanov Aleksandr, waxaa bilaabay in ay qaataan xubnaha Komsomol firfircoon oo xitaa aan xisbiga.

Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa la og yahay oo ku saabsan dabeecadda of our article on dokumentiyada rasmiga ah, xoogaa ee u qalmay inuu gacantayda ku qorayaa in ay qoraan 'Weerane. In dambe waxaa ku soo qaadina ku saabsan adeegga ku siijeeday. Alexander Golovanov, sawir ah oo ku jira qodobkan, waxa uu dhigayaa in sannadihii kuwa uu ka shaqeeyay maamulka sahayda Ciidanka Cas iyo Navy in xogo boostada.

Tallaabada xigta ee uu mustaqbalkiisa - in wakiilka Tsentropechat, ka dibna handyman on alwaax sabayn on "Volgosudstroy" farsamadoodii. Later, wuxuu ahaa wakiilka ah iyo sida koronto yaqaan at GPU shanaad Volzhsky shelf, kaas oo ku salaysan in magaalada uu guriga - Nizhniy Novgorod.

Service of OGPU ah

In 1924 wuxuu ku biiray OGPU Golovanov Aleksandr Evgenevich. Biography ee geesiga ah ee qodobkan ayaa lala xiriirinayay in ay jirka this ee 9 sano ee soo socota.

Decrypts GPU sida "Maamulka Siyaasadda State United," waxaa ku shaqeeya ee Golaha ka mid ah Commissars Dadka. Waxaa la aasaasay 1923 iyadoo ay ku saleysan NKVD ah.

In sannadaha hore ee OGPU keentay Felix Dzerzhinsky, iyo 1926 si ay u 1934 - Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Halavanau ku hawlan shaqada hawl iyo shaqeeyay waaxaha gaarka ah. Waxaan ka loo oggol yahay in madaxa waaxda tegey.

Waxa uu ka qayb labo jeer ee safarada ganacsiga fog si Shiinaha. Gaar ahaan, gobolka Xinjiang ee. Bilowga ee 30-ka. Wax yar ka hor u noqday xubin ka mid ah Midowga All-Communist Party ee Bolsheviks.

qabashada Savinkov

bogga ugu ifka badan ee uu shaqada si GPU noqday lug xiray Borisa Savinkova. Tani waa mid ka mid ah madaxda Ruush kacaan Bulshada, White Guard ah. argagixiso A iyo kacaan ah.

Ka dib markii kacaanka ganacsade of February 1917, in loo dalacsiiyay Guddoomiyaha Dowladda ee Ku-meelgaarka ah. Bishii August, ku dul dhacdo ee Kornilov on Petrograd wuxuu noqday taliyaha ciidamada ee magaalada. General jeediyay inuu adeeco Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah, laakiin ugu danbeyn qirtay failure.

October Revolution aan la taageeray. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay iska hor imaad la Bolsheviks ah, la aasaasay ciidanka iskaa wax u qabso ah oo ku saabsan Don ah, oo ay taageerayaan Denikin. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu ka soo haajiray dalka, isku dayaya in la dhiso xiriir ah la waddaniyiinta ah, laakiin uu ugu danbeyn soo galay dhamaystiran go'doon siyaasadeed ku dhacay.

Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, waayo, tirtiridda OGPU savinkovskogo dhulka hoostiisa anti-Soviet fulin for "Isku-2". In iyada oo ka qayb Golovanov. Bishii Agoosto 1924, Savinkov si qarsoodi ah ku yimid Midowga Soofiyeeti, dagaan, howl.

Wuxuu qabtay Minsk qabtay. At Savinkov maxkamadda laga adkaaday dagaalka ka dhanka ah taliska Soviet iyo burburkii hadafyada iyaga u gaar ah. Wuxuu waxaa lagu xukumay in la dilo, xukunka waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan loo yarayn by bedelay xabsi 10-sano ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay version rasmiga ah, in 1925, wuxuu ka go'an ismiidaamin ah by boodayaa daaqada dabaqa shanaad. Qolka halkaas oo uu ku qaaday su'aalo, ma jirin baararka on daaqadaha. Waxaa jira version kale, sida uu sheegay oo uu la dilay by OGPU ah. Gaar ahaan, waxaa uu sharxayaa Alexander Solzhenitsyn in uu novel "Gulag Jasiiradaha The."

Golovanov - pilot rayid ah

In 1931, Golovanova Aleksandra Evgenevicha ayaa loo xil saaray in ay Shacabka commissar of culus oo Industry, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa Xoghayaha fulinta. Sannadka soo socda, wuxuu bilaabay inuu si firfircoon uga sahamin xirfad ee duuliyayaasha diyaaradaha. ka Osoaviahima Dugsiga (analoogga ee DOSAAF casriga ah) wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay.

In 1933 wuxuu shaqo ka qaaday "Aeroflot". Sayidka bilaabay inuu hawada mustaqbalkiisa. Ilaa bilowgii iska horimaad la soo duulay Nazi, uu u duulay duulimaadyada rayidka ah. Waxa uu jidkiisa ka soo pilot caadi shaqeeyay in madaxa waaxda iyo, ugu dambeyntii, pilot sare.

guul muhiim ah in uu mustaqbalkiisa ahayd sannaddii 1935 markii Golovanov ayaa loo magacaabay in uu hoggaamiyo Siberian Waaxda Bariga ee Civil Air Fleet. Waxay ahayd mid ku salaysan in Irkutsk. Alexander Golovanov ayaa dhisay xirfado ee Duulista.

In 1937, inta lagu guda jiro denbigana dhexdooda Communists, Golovanov xisbiga laga eryey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay ka fogaadaan qabtay. Waxaa intaa dheer, intuu ku socday inuu Moscow, sidii ayuu yiri, - ". Si uu u doondoono runta" Oo isna wuxuu ku guulaysteen. Metropolitan Commission of control xisbiga, go'aansaday in uu ka saarida uu ahaa qalad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in Irkutsk, isagu ma uu hore u soo laabto bilaabay. Waxa uu ka tagay Moscow on post ee tijaabada ah. Waxa uu u ciyaaray si wanaagsan magaalada. Mudo yar ka dib Golovanov ayaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah duuliyayaasha ugu fiican ee Duulista ee dalka, waxay ahayd ujeedada gaarka ah oo madax ahaa koox dad ah pilot.

In 1938, article geesi naga aasaasay rikoor mabsuud ka. Goolasha uu qibrad diyaarad lacag hal milyan oo kilomitir. Wargeysyada Soviet bilaabay inuu qoro wax ku saabsan sida a "pilot-millionaire." Waayo, kanu wuxuu abaal "Excellence Aeroflot". Oo dadkii oo dhammu duulimaad ay ahaayeen dhib-free, in waayahaas, markii qofka la bilaabeysa inay qabsadaan, hawada, waxay ahayd guul weyn. Waxa uu noqdo nin si dhab ah oo caan ah ee dalka. Uu sawir xitaa la daabacay on daboolka of majaladda "Ogonyok".

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic

Experience ka qaybqaadashada ee colaadaha Golovanov helay ka hor duulay faashistihii Jarmal weeraray Midowga Soofiyeeti. In 1939 wuxuu ka qayb qaatay dagaalo ka dhacay Khalkhin-. Waxa uu ahaa dagaal hay'ahadaha maxalli ah oo hubaysan, kaas oo socday muddo dhawr bilood ah dalka reer Mongolia. Waxaa ka qayb ka mid ah gacanta, Ciidamada Soviet iyo Mongols ah, iyo dhinaca kale oo ah - Empire of Japan.

dagaalku dhammaadayna guul dhammaystiran ee horyaalka Japan. Waxaa intaa dheer, Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Japan leeyihiin fikrado kala duwan oo dhacdooyin kuwan. Haddii taariikheeya qaranka loo yaqaan khilaafka a military maxaliga ah, Japanese la hadlo iyaga ka mid ah sida dagaal labaad Ruush-Japanese.

Wax yar ka dib, Golovanov u tageen inay hore ee dagaalka Soviet-Finnish. Dagaalkaasi waxa uu socday wax yar ka yar lix bilood. Waxaa oo dhan ku bilaabantay xaqiiqda ah in Midowga Soofiyeeti eedeeyay duqeyn Finland. Sidaa darteed, Golaha ayaa si buuxda u eedeeyay dagaalka on dalka Scandinavian. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd gabagabeeyo heshiis nabadeed, kaas oo Midowga Soofiyeeti ka tegey 11% ee Finland. Markaas, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, Midowga Soofiyeeti waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay gardarooday oo laga saaray League of Nations.

Isagoo ka qeyb galay labada Dagaaladan, Golovanov kulmay War Great Patriotic soo maray tijaabo military. Back horraantii 41-aad, ka hor weerarka ee Hitler, warqad u Stalin, kaas oo xaq baahida loo qabo in si gaar ah loogu diyaariyo duuliye for duulaya qarxiyay long-range uu ku qoray. Gaar ahaan cimilada xun, si la mid ah iyo in meelaha u qaali ah.

Bishii Febraayo, oo wuxuu lahaa oo kulan shaqsi ah la Generalissimo, natiijada oo uu loo magacaabay taliyaha guutada gooni Duulista long-range. Bishii August, ayaa la siiyay post ee taliyaha Qaybta Air for tallaabo dheeraad ah. Iyo horyaalka kale oo la siiyey ee October. Major General Aviation Alexander Golovanov helay. veterans dagaalkii labaad ee dunida isaga awood u leeyahay in uu iska caddeeyo dhinacyo hawada. Habeeynimadii of cusub 1942, oo madax ka ah horyaalka heerka duulista ah ee kala duwan oo muddo dheer uu noqday heer ah Taliyaha Sare.

hawada Marshal

In 1942 article this noqday geesi si uu u hoggaamiyo duulista muddo dheer kala duwan. In May, waxaa la siiyey darajo ah Sarreeye guud. Tan iyo markaas oo ilaa iyo dhamaadka, dagaalku wuxuu ka weyn oo dhan Duulista muddo dheer kala duwan ee Soviet. Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu naxariis ah, ixtiraam iyo kalsooni ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah madax Stalin ee. Sidaas helitaanka military oo joogto ah ma kaalinta raagay.

Tan iyo March 1943 - Colonel-General. Oo August 3 Alexander Golovanov - Air Marshal. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka waxaa loo magacaabay taliyaha Air Army 18aad, in dhammaan qarax long-range ay dalka ka ahaa si toos ah diirada ku joogo. In kasta oo darajo sare, Golovanov uu si joogta ah ka qeyb galay howlgalada dagaalka. Gaar ahaan, u tagtay inay weeraro qarax fog bilowga ah ee dagaalka. Marka xagaagii 1941, hal bil gudaheed, doonniyawadayaasha Soviet fuliyay taxane ah oo Berlin aviabombardirovok.

Tani waxaa ka hormarey duqeymo weyn ee Moscow, kuwaas oo ku dhow isla markiiba bilaabay ka dib markii dagaal ka bilaabay. Iyadoo Goebbels xitaa waqti si ay sheegayaan in ciidanka cirka ee Soviet buuxda looga adkaado, iyo Berlin marna hoos hal bam. Golovanov xaliyay beeniyay bayaankan geesi.

duulimaadka ugu horeeyay ee Berlin ayaa la dhigay on 7 August. diyaarado Soviet duulay at sare ah ee 7000 mitir. Duuliyayaasha ayaa lama baabbi'in maaskaro oxygen ah, iyo in ay helaan hawada la mamnuucay. Marka duulaya dhul Jarmal qarax Soviet ayaa si joogta ah helay, laakiin kooxda Jarmalka si ay u ma qiyaasi kari waayay suuraggalnimada weerarro in hubin in ay ahayd in ay diyaarad. In ka badan Stettin xitaa ka mid spotlights iyaga u, qaadashada diyaaradda wiifto ah ee Luftwaffe ah. Sidaas darteed, sida ugu badan shan diyaaradood oo hoos bambooyin on Berlin iyo sameecadda ah iyo sidoo kale-shiday si ay salka ku soo laabtay.

Golovanov ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha tageen ka dib isku daygii labaad, kaas oo ka dhacay on August 10. Waxa aan si guul leh. Oo ka mid ah 10 baabuur in ay hoos u bambooyin on Berlin 6 kaliya waayeen, laakiin noqdeen laba kaliya. Ka dib markii in, geesiga ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti Vodopiyanov saaray inuu post sida Taliyaha qaybta, oo lagu badalay Golovanov.

geesiga of our article uu si joogta ah u duulay caasimada ka badan cadowga. sirdoonka Jarmal waqtiga xusay in uu ahaa mid ahaa xaq u gaar ah si ay u helaan shakhsi Stalin. Arintaan waxaa loola jeedaa isaga oo kaliya by magacayga ku calaamada gaarka ah ee kalsooni.

Iyadoo dhacdooyinka sano kuwa iyo diyaarad la xiriira Stalin ee Shirka Tehran ee, kuwaas oo shaqsi ahaan u abaabulan Golovanov. Jidka tegey on laba diyaaradood. Behind wheel ee labaad, ayaa booskiisa ahaa Golovanov. Oo Stalin, Voroshilov iyo Molotov aaminay in ay qaadaan Lieutenant General Aviation Viktor Grachev.

In 1944, caafimaadka Golovanov si dhab ah ka sii dartay. Waxa bilaabay inuu rabshin dubaaxin, qaska ee wadnaha, xiray neefsashada. Sida laga soo xigtay dhakhtarrada, sababta oo intaasu waxay ahayd la'aanta joogtada ah ee hurdada, taas oo run ahaantii keentay in burburinta habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha. Waxaa xusid mudan in inta lagu jiro dagaalka kula Nazi Germany Golovanov dhigay rikoor u ah ciidamada qalabka sida Soviet, ka darajo ee Colonel in sirkaalka wax qora hawada sare goor wanaagsan.

Masiirka dagaalka ka dib

Dagaalka ka dib, sannadkii 1946, Golovanov ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha duulista mudada fog ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laba sanno ka dib markii laga saaray inuu post. Sida ay inta badan, sababta uu ahaa caafimaadka, taas oo uu si weyn u soo gaaray dagaalka ka dib.

Golovanov ka Academy of Staff Guud qalin. Laakiin markaas aan ka heli karto daafaca ciidanka. Waxaa jiray waxba tarayn. Wax ka xishoon Alexander E. mar kale warqad uu u diray Stalin. Oo horay 1952 mid ka mid ah ilaalada hawada uu ku amray. Waxa uu ahaa go'aan aad u la yaab leh. Marna ha ka hor taariikhda Asluubta duulista amray ma sirkaalka wax qora ee laanta. Waayo, isaga, waxa uu ahaa mid aad u gacmeed. Golovanov xataa ka codsaday in la xidhiidha codsiga waxaad u qortaa on hoos ku darajo ah kornayl-guud, laakiinse wuu diiday.

In 1953, dhimashada Iosifa Stalina ka dib, geesiga of this article ugu dambeyntii u soo diray inuu reserve ah. 5 sano ka dib, wuxuu ku degay on post a mid ah madaxda ku xigeenka Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Civil Aviation for duulimaadyadii. Waxa uu ka fariistay sanadkii 1966.

Buuga Xusuus

Ka dib hawlgabka, geesiga of this article ayaa muujiyay sida qoraa, memoirist. buug ka mid ah xusuus qoray Golovanov Aleksandr. "Qarax Long-duwan" - sida waxa loo yaqaan. Siyaabo badan, Biography this waxaa ka go'an in shirarka gaarka ah iyo xiriirka ay la Stalin. Taas darteed, intii uu noolaa la soo baxay dhimis weyn. akhristayaasha edition dhibqabayaashooda ay awoodaan si ay u arkaan oo kaliya in ay 80s daahay.

Sannadkii 2007, kii ugu dambeeyay la joogo ee daabaco-qorka ee Aleksandra Golovanova. Raadraaca qoraaga, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waxa uu leeyahay oo kaliya hal buug. Laakiin taas aawadeed waxa aanu noqon ka yar qiimo leh.

Golovanov qudhiisa ku dhintay 1974. Wuxuu ku jiray '71. aaska ayaa ka dhacay laga helay Xabaalaha Novodevichy ah.

nolosha Personal

Alexander Golovanov, kuwaas oo qoyska ayaa had iyo jeer ay taageerayaan, guursaday intuu dhallinyar yahay in gabadhii baayacmushtari of Guild ugu horeysay. Magaceeduna wuxuu ahaa Tamara. Waxay ahayd hooyo ah Gobolka Vologda. ninkeeda Waxay ka badbaaday in ka badan 20 sano. Waxay ku dhintay 1996 oo keliya.

Waxay lahaa shan carruur ah. Afar gabdhood - Svetlana, Tamara, Veronica iyo Olga, iyo mid ka mid ah ina - Sviatoslav. Waxa uu ahaa kii ugu yaraa.