Alexander Dovzhenko - sameeyay Yukreeniyaan, agaasimaha: Biography, hal-abuurka

Dovzhenko Aleksandr Petrovich lahaa saamayn weyn ku shineemada Soviet. Its magacaabay ka dib markii studio-soo-saarka filim. Laakiin waxa aan ahaa oo kaliya agaasimaha iyo riwaayadaha. In dalkiisa, in Ukraine, waxa uu sidoo kale loo yaqaan ah qoraaga, Abwaan iyo essayist. Dovzhenko uu gacanta ugu tahay isku dayay. Laakiin guulo waa weyn gaaray berrinkii screenwriting. Waxa uu ku qoray riwaayadaha, sheekooyinka gaagaaban iyo tixaha in style ka mid ah xaqiiqo hantiwadaagga.

At Alexander Dovzhenko noqotay cidhibtii adag, taas oo aan dabooli doonaa in this article. Salaaxidda dowladda Soviet, guusha laba Stalin Abaal iyo Faneed Dadka ee RSFSR ah, uu lahaa waayo-aragnimo ee la soo dhaafay dagaal dhinaca kale la Cas. Dhab ahaantii Tani yaqaan by yar. Laakiin dadka ugu bartay USSR akhriyi uu "Opus Magnum" - "sixray Desna". Oo shuqulkiisa Epoch-qaadashada ugu duurka of shineemo ahaa filimka "Earth".

carruurnimada

Sida ay soo galo ee diiwaanka Reunion ah Trinity Church magaalada Sosnitsa (hadda xarunta degmada ee gobolka Chernigov ah, Ukraine), Alexander Dovzhenko waxa uu ku dhashay on beer Vyunische August 29, 1894. style New, taas oo u dhiganta 10 September.

The aabbihiis iyo hooyadiis waxay ahaayeen beeralay waxna qorin. Aabbaha agaasimaha mustaqbalka, Petr Semenovich, waxay ahayd farac u Poltava Chumakov, kuwaas oo degay Sosnitsa qiyaastii dhexe ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. xididdada abtirsiinta nooca Dovzhenko la ogan karo in 1760s ah. Waxaa la og yahay in awoowe qoraaga, Taras, waxay ahayd Sheeko weyn. hadiyad waxaa la dhaxlay yar iyo weynba Sashko.

qoyska leedahay goob weyn oo ah dhulka, laakiin ku noolaa in saboolnimada, sababta oo ah ciidda ahayd madhalays. Oo ka mid ah afar iyo toban carruur ah u dhashay da'dii shaqada ka badbaaday oo keliya saddex: Bellamy qudhiisu, uu walaalkay iyo walaashay Pauline Trifon. dhimasho soo noqnoqda Iambarrada in aan xasuusta in agaasimaha. "In our guriga mar walba boqor ku ahaa aaska iyo baroor," - ayuu goor dambe qoray. Oo ku saabsan nafta gabay u ahaa hooyadiis, wuxuu yiri: "Waxay ku dhalatay in songs, laakiin nolosha oo dhan kaga qaylinaya, weligiis arkaya carruurta."

tababarka

In dugsiga hoose ee Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko uu muujiyey natiijooyinka fiican iyo rabitaan ee aqoonta. Maxaa yeelay, aabbahay go'aansaday in ay sii wadaan tababar wiilkiisa. Waxa uu iibiyey qayb toddobaad ee dalkooda Bellamy ahaa awoodaan si ay u helaan waxbarasho ee dugsiga hoose, ka dibna 1911 wuxuu galay Institute koriska ee Glukhov. Tani jaamacadda dhallinyarada Dovzhenko aan doortay, waayo, wuxuu doonayay in uu noqdo macallin, laakiin sababta oo ah waxa la siiyey deeq waxbarasho ka mid ah boqol iyo labaatan rubles sano ah. At machadka, qoraa mustaqbalka la kulmay suugaanta Yukreeniyaan, taas oo qayb ka Russified this ee boqortooyadiisa ku hoos ganaax ahaa. Ka dib markii qalin Dovzhenko loo diray ku baraan Zhytomyr.

The qoraa iyo markii uu

Bilowgii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Alexander Dovzhenko, Biography gaaban waxaa lagu tilmaamay in this article loo arko sida jingo ah. Waxa uu si xiiso leh ku tuuray heleyna in ciidankii dagaalka oo ubax iyo dhowr sano ka bilaabay inuu ku eeg dhinaca danbe ka hore "ceeb iyo murug." Isla muddadaas Dovzhenko dhawaado dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta qaranka Ukraine.

February Revolution ee 1917, sidoo kale wuxuu arkaa mid aad u xamaasad leh. niyad jab ka dib in uu kooban qeexayaa: "In kacaan, waxaan laguma darin albaabada kuwa." Markii Dagaalkii Sokeeye qarxay, Dovzhenko tegey si ay u tabarucaan in ciidankii reer UNR ah, oo ay weheliyaan guutada saddexaad Serdutskaya weerareen Kiev "Arsenal" ka. Kow iyo toban sano ka dib, agaasimaha sawir dhacdooyinka ee filimka, kantaroolka in uu ka qayb qaatay iyaga oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah Gaidamakov Black. Tan iyo markii uu xilka Skoropadsky Dovzhenko Jeedsado in Zhitomir. ayuu soo laabtay Kiev, wuxuu noqday ardayga ee Academy Yukreeniyaan ee Arts.

"Red" Biography muddo

Horeba labaataneeyada ah, Alexander Dovzhenko ka niyad jabay in fikradaha qaran-ganacsade. Yiqiin la qoraa Vasily Blakytnym isaga keentay in dunida Marxism. Ugu yaraan taasi waxa weeye waxa agaasimaha isaga qudhiisa ku qoray buugiisa ee 1939. Waxa uu ku biiray Borotbists. Xubnaha xisbiga this ka dibna ku biiray xisbiga shuuciga (Bolsheviks) ee Ukraine. Tani waxay xiriir siyaasadeed Dovzhenko ogol yahay in ay mashquulin jagooyinka caan ah: Xoghayaha Waaxda Kiev Waxbarashada, Head of Department Art ah. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey in USSR wakiil ka badashay qaabkii hore ee Poland (1921) iyo Ganacsiga Matalaadda ee Jamhuuriyadda Yukreeniyaan ee Germany. Joogitaankiisa ee Berlin, artist ka Dovzhenko qaadi jiray casharo ka expressionist Villi Gekkelya. In Germany, ka artist-diblomaasi guursaday Barbara Krylova. Laakiin, maadaama ay ka leexatay, tiirka ahaa Borotbists stamp madow dowladda cusub. Dovzhenko yeeray Ukraine ah, oo loo diiday kaarka xisbi.

shineemo dunida

Tan iyo 1923, Dovzhenko degay Kharkov - caasimada koowaad ee Soviet Ukraine. B. Isticmaalka Blakytnogo uu wargeyska sawirlaha "News VUTSVK", iyo sidoo kale muujinayaa kitaabka (gaar ahaan, "tareenada buluug" Petra Pancha). Muddadan uu si dhow ula converges la wareegga suugaanta "Hart", kaas oo loogu talagalay in lagu shineemada.

Alexander Dovzhenko, kuwaas oo filimo ka heli doontaa kooxo badan ka dib, waxbarasho lahayn, ma khibrad maamulkaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ka bilaabayaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan studio film in Odessa ah. Mid ka mid ah uu shuqulladaadii hore ahaayeen cadhoodaan Cade "Red Army" iyo rinjiyeynta ah "In kaynta."

Dovzhenko oo naftiisa isku dayo in doorka qoraa. In beerta this uu abuuraa play ah ee carruurta loo yaqaan "Vasya Reformer ah."

On set ah "Love ee Isteroberiga" Dovzhenko la Danilo Demutsky la kulmay, iyo tusmo this by operator ku faray loo dhigay sanadaha soo socda. Si wada jir ah ay u abuuraan badan oo guutooyinkiisa oo xiiso leh.

Dovzhenko: Filmography

Shaqada ugu horeeyay, taas oo heshay aqoonsi ahaa "Zvenigora". In sawirka, 1928 sayidkii midoobeen lyrics iyo korhin ee Tacaddi ku kacaan. Filinka "Earth" (1930), qiyaastii isla markii la sii daayo ayaa laga saaray kirada.

Laakiin sawirka "Ivan" (1932) u keeneen dhow la Stalin. Waxay u dhigmaan, ka dib agaasimaha helo dhagaystayaasha la kaligii taliye ah. In 1939, Dovzhenko for toos ah amar uga Stalin qaadataa "custom" filimka "Shchors". Waayo, cajalad this si toos ah isla markiiba helay abaalmarinta ugu sareysa.

Tan iyo 1934, Dovzhenko deganaa ee Moscow oo bixisa si ay shuqulka suugaanta dareenka badan. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, ayuu si toos ah dhowr Filimadan, ku qoray maqaalo iyo articles.

dulli

Dhawaanshaha si xoog (gaar ahaan in ay Stalin) ayaa ka biyodiiday. In 1943, Dovzhenko qoray screenplay ee filimka "Ukraine ee dabka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, arrin lama filaan ah, kulan oo ka mid ah kadago CPSU ah (b), shaqada waxaa lagu sakhiray in ay sumcad dilid. script waxa uu ahaa dib u eegis ah oo aad u xun oo Stalin.

In 1944, agaasimaha Alexander Dovzhenko uuraysatay film lyrical "Life waa in ubaxyada." Like vnasmeshku, maamulka dalbaday in uu badalo sawir aawadood oo ah shuruudaha fikirka. Dovzhenko isku dayay sida ugu wanaagsan ee uu kari. Sidaas darteed, screens ka soo movie si cad u daciif ah loo yaqaan "Michurin" full habyaalada xayaysiinta.

Xitaa qaddar ka badan murugo dhacay shaqada ee la soo dhaafay agaasimaha. Si State "Nabad gelyo, America!" Waxaa uuraysatay ku salaysan shuqullada perebezhchitsy Maraykanka ee Annabella USSR ee Byukar. Marka toogashada in heerka ugu dambeeya yimid, Kremlin u yimid si ay u joojiyaan shaqada rinjiyeynta ah.

Dhimashada waddan shisheeye

Alexander Dovzhenko wadno kowaad wuxuu ahaa weli Abuuridda "Michurin". Dhamaadka naftiisa ayuu wax ku baray at VGIK ah. Waxa uu doonayay inuu dib ugu laabto Ukraine, laakiin ma mas'uuliyiinta in aanay fasax u siiyaan in ay sidaa yeelaan.

Dovzhenko qorsheeyay shaqada Tacaddi - in ay qoraan sheeko ah "Golden Gate". Sidoo kale in uu qorshaha mustaqbalka ahayd in la qoro sawirka script ah "Gabayga badda". Maalintii ugu horraysay ee toogashada filimka, wuxuu u dhintay wadne. Wuxuu waxaa lagu aasay Qabuuraha Novodevichy ee Moscow.