Xisaabinta Iskubedelka kulaylka, tusaale ahaan. Xisaabinta aagga, xoogga Iskubedelka kulaylka

Xisaabinta Iskubedelka kulaylka hadda qaadataa in ka yar shan daqiiqo. urur kasta in ay soo saartaa oo iibisa qalabka sida caadiga ah waxa uu qof walba ay barnaamijka qorista u gaar ah. Waxaa lagala soo bixi karaa oo lacag la'aan ah ka internetka ee shirkadda ama farsamo u iman doonaan inay xafiiska oo ku xidh for free. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay xisaabinta sida ay sax tahay, ayaannu isaga u aamini karaan oo aan xariif ah haddii saaraha by dagaal ee gundhigga la tartanka? Hubinta calculator elektaroonik ah u baahan aqoon ama ugu yaraan fahamka ee hababka casriga ah ee xisaabinta exchangers kulaylka. Aynu aad u xalliso wixii faahfaahin ah.

Waa maxay Iskubedelka kulaylka a

Ka hor inta performing xisaabinta Iskubedelka kulaylka, ha noo xusuusataan, iyo nooca qalab noocan oo kale ah? qalab Teplomassoobmennyh (aka Iskubedelka kulaylka, sidoo kale loo yaqaan qalab sarrifka kulaylka ama Toa) - qalab kala iibsiga kulaylka ka mid coolant in kale. In geeddi-socodka heerkulka isbedel coolant sidoo kale bedelaan cufnaanta iyo, sida, mass indices walxaha. Taasi waa sababta hababka noocan ah waxaa loo yaqaan kulaylka iyo kala iibsiga mass.

noocyada kala iibsiga kulaylka

Hadda aan ka hadalno oo ku saabsan noocyada kala iibsiga kulaylka - waxaa jira saddex keliya. Shucaaca - wareejinta kulaylka by shucaaca. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan xusuusan karin marna laga xeebtay on maalintii xagaaga diiran. Oo xataa exchangers kulaylka waxaa laga heli karaa suuqa (kululeeyayaasha hawada tube) ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan kulaylinta guriga, qolalka guriga aan iibsano saliid ama kuleyliyaha korontada. Tani waa tusaale ka mid ah nooc kale oo suuqa kala iibsiga kulaylka - convection. Convection waa dabiici ah, aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn (soosaaray, oo sanduuqa waa Iskubedelka) ama la drive farsamo (masaf, tusaale ahaan). Nooca dambe waa ka badan intan ka waxtar badan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka ugu fiican ee suuqa kala iibsiga kulaylka - waa conductivity kaamerada ah, ama, sida waxa loo yaqaan, tabinta (tabinta of English -. "Conductivity"). Injineer kasta oo la doonayo in la qabto design ah kaamerada of Iskubedelka kulaylka, ugu horreeya oo dhan fekero sida loo doorto qalabka hufan in ugu yaraan meel. Oo waxay maamushaa si loo gaaro this waa by tabinta. Tusaale ahaan of this waa ugu fiican ee taariikhda Toa - exchangers saxan kulaylka. Toa Plate by qeexidda - Iskubedelka kulaylka in wareejinaya kulaylka ka coolant ah in midkiinba midka kale derbiga iyaga kala ah. Meesha ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah xiriir u dhaxeeya labada ruuxaanta wada jir ah ula waxyaabo run xushay, iyo ulo profile ay dhinacyada oo dhumucdiisuna waxay la doortay si loo yareeyo hardware inkastoo uu dhowro sifooyinka farsamo asalka ah looga baahan yahay in geeddi-socodka.

noocyada exchangers kulaylka

Ka hor inta aadan u fuliyaan xisaabinta Iskubedelka kulaylka waxaa go'aamiya ay nooc. All Toa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn: exchangers kulaylka recuperative iyo regenerative. The therebetween ugu weyn ee kala duwan yihiin waa sida soo socota: beddelkeeda Toa kulaylka recuperative qaadataa meel derbiga ka kala dhexdhexaad ah laba kulaylka, oo ka soo xiriir kasta oo kale oo laba warbaahinta regenerative, inta badan u baahan qodan xiga iyo isa-soociddiisa ku separators gaar ah. exchangers kulaylka Regenerative kala qaybsan yihiin exchangers kulaylka iyo is dhexgalka biiyaha ah (dhacdada taagan ama dhexe). Ku dhowaad hadlayay, baaldi biyo ah oo kulul, oo ilaa dhaxanta, ama galaas oo shaah kulul, gelinaya qaboojiyey qaboojiyaha (marna ma samayn!) - tani waa tusaale ka mid ah Toa qodan sida. A shubtay Sauce shaaha iyo qaboojinta waxaa si aannu u helno tusaale ka mid ah Iskubedelka a regenerative kulaylka la biiyaha ah (Sauce, in tusaale ahaan this door biiyaha ah), taas oo marka hore la xiriiray la hawada daarmayaay'e iyo qaadataa heerkulka, ka dibna doorteen qayb ka mid ah kulaylka ku shubtay u galay shaah kulul raadinaya hogaanka warbaahinta in hab hoganaya kaamerada labadaba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida aynu hore u helay isticmaalka more hufan ee conductivity kaamerada ku kulaylka ka mid dhexdhexaad ah wareejiyo kale, sidaas daraaddeed, kale oo muhiim ah marka la eego suuqa kala iibsiga kulaylka (iyo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo) Toa maanta - dabcan, recuperative.

xisaabinta kaamerada iyo dhismaha

xisaab kasta oo ka mid ah Iskubedelka kulaylka regenerative waxaa lagu sameyn karaa oo ku salaysan natiijooyinka kaamerada, xisaabinta Haydarooliga iyo xoog. Waxay asaasiga ah, lagama maarmaan waayo, design ee qalabka cusub yihiin iyo farsamooyinka yihiin aasaas u ah xisaabinta ku dayashada xiga ee nooca la mid ah line qalabka. Hawsha ugu wayn ee xisaabinta Toa kaamerada waa in la go'aamiyo kulaylka meesha looga baahan yahay dusha beddelkeeda hawlgalka xasiloon Iskubedelka kulaylka iyo dayactirka-beegyada uu u baahan yahay ee outlet warbaahinta. Marar badan ee xisaabinta sida injineerada waxaa la siiyaa qiimaha aan loo aabo yeelin ee miisaanka iyo size sifooyinka qalabka mustaqbalka (qalab, tuubooyinka dhexroor, taarikada, dhinacyada, joomateri dogob, nooca iyo wax finning et al.), Si kastaba ha ahaatee ka dib markii kulaylka waxaa sida caadiga ah la sameeyay Iskubedelka xisaabinta wax dhisid ah. Ka dib oo dhan, haddii injineer ugu horeysay tallaabo loo arko bedka lagama maarmaanka u ah biibiile dhexroor siiyo, tusaale ahaan, 60 mm, iyo dhererka Iskubedelka kulaylka sidaas jeestay lixdan mitir, waa macquul in loo qaato guurka Iskubedelka kulaylka multistage ama nooca tube xidhmada, ama in la kordhiyo dhexroorka of Tuubooyinka.

xisaabinta Haydarooliga

xisaabaha Haydarooliga ama hydro-farsamo iyo aerodynamic sameeyaa si ay u aqoonsadaan oo ay tayadoodii Haydarooliga (aerodynamic) cadaadiska Nusqaamin Iskubedelka kulaylka, iyo si ay u xisaabiso isticmaalka tamarta si ay u gudbaan. Xisaabinta kasta jidka, channel ama biibiile waayo marinka dhexdhexaad kulaylku wajaho hawsha hoose aadanaha - in ay dardar habka kulayl dhaafsiga goobta. Taasi waa, mid dhexdhexaad ah waa inay ku aflaxaan, oo kale waa in la helo kulayl badan at bareeg ah ugu yar ee ay koorsada. Tani waxay badanaa ka codsan dusha dheeraad ah sarrifka kulaylka qaab meelaha fin horumariyo, (waayo, kala sublayer ku laminar xuduud iyo kor loogu qaado qas socodka). la xiriirta dheelitirka fiicnayn in khasaaraha Haydarooliga, meelaha dusha kulaylka sarrifka, miisaanka iyo size sifooyinka, iyo wax soo saarka kulaylka noqday waa natiijada kaamerada, Haydarooliga iyo wax dhisid ah xisaabinta Toa ku wadar ahaan labada lug.

xisaab hubinta

Xaqiijinta Iskubedelka kulaylka waa la fuliyay in kiiska halkaas oo ay lagama maarmaan tahay inay reserve awoodda meel kasta oo dusha sarrifka kulaylka. dusha sare ee reserve ah sababo kala duwan iyo xaalado kala duwan, haddii ay sidaas tahay baahan yahay shuruudaha tixraaca, haddii saaraha go'aansado inuu ka dhigi margin oo dheeraad ah si ay si sax ah u hubiso in kulaylka this la sii dayn doono on Itobiya, iyo si loo yareeyo khaladaadka ku jira xisaabaha. Xaaladaha qaarkood, Boos ayaa looga baahan yahay soo aruurinta natiijada dhinacyada dhismaha ee kale (evaporators, economizers) ee xisaabinta awoodda of Iskubedelka kulaylka waxaa si gaar ah soo bandhigay dusha margin on faddarayn saliid kombaresarada joogo wareegi qaboojiye ah. Haa, iyo tayada biyaha saboolka ah waa in la tixgeliyo. Muddo ka dib, hawlgalka siman of exchangers kulaylka, gaar ahaan marka heerkulku sare, Xumbaduse way ka degtaa dushiisa of qalab sarrifka kulaylka, yaraynta Wehliyaha kulaylka kala iibsiga, iyo ciday taasoo keentay in hoos u dhac ku duushay kulaylka Dulin. Sidaa darteed injineer karti, xisaabinta ka mid ah Iskubedelka kulaylka "biyo-biyo ah", waxay bixisaa in ay reserve ah oo dheeraad ah dusha sarrifka kulaylka fiiro gaar ah. Hubinta xisaabinta iyo ku qaataan si ay u arkaan sida qalabka la doortay shaqeyn doonaan dhinaca kale, hababka sare. Tusaale ahaan, in ka conditioners dhexe hawada (rakiban hawada-siin) kululeeyayaasha kulaylinta kowaad iyo labaad loo isticmaalaa in xilli qabow, iyo inta badan ku lug xagaaga for qaboojinta siin quudinta hawada biyo qabow galay tube kulaylka hawada Iskubedelka ah. Sidee bay u shaqeeyaan iyo waxa siin doonaa xuduudaha si ay u qiimeeyaan xisaabinta taako.

qiyaasta cilmi

xisaabaha Toa Research qaadeen oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka xisaabinta kaamerada iyo xaqiijinta. Waxay lagama maarmaan u yihiin, sida caadiga ah, si ay u sameeyaan si ay u qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah qalabka loogu talagalay beddelka ugu dambeeyay. Waxay sidoo kale lagu sameeyaa si loo saxo wixii isla'egyada waxaa la dhigay model xisaabinta fulin Toa siman helay (xogta tijaabo ah). Bandhigyada cilmi ku lug leedahay xisaabinta a of tobanaan iyo mararka qaarkood boqolaal xisaabo uu sameeyay qorshe gaar ah, oo la fuliyay ee wax soo saarka si waafaqsan aragtida ah xisaabeed ee design of tijaabo. Sida laga soo xigtay natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in ay saameyn ku leeyihiin xaalado kala duwan oo tiro jirka on tilmaamayaasha waxqabadka Toa.

xisaabaha kale

Xisaabinta ee aagga Iskubedelka kulaylka, ha iloobin iska caabin qalabkan. xisaabaha Xoog Toa waxaa ka mid ah hubinta unit la saadaaliyey, waayo, danab, lifaaqa torsional in ugu daqiiqado ogolyahay shaqeeya si faahfaahsan iyo qanjidhada ee mustaqbalka Iskubedelka kulaylka. Iyadoo cabbir yar ee wax soo saarka waa in xoog badan, oo deggan iyo in la hubiyo howlgalka ammaan ee kala duwan, xataa xaaladaha ugu culus.

xisaabinta Dynamic waxaa loo sameeyaa si loo ogaado sifooyinka kala duwan ee Iskubedelka kulaylka on hababka qalliinka variable.

Noocyada design Iskubedelka kulaylka

Toa Recuperative in design loo qaybin karaa dhowr ah oo ku filan oo waaweyn ee kooxaha. The ugu yaqaan oo si weyn loo isticmaalo - Iskubedelka a saxan kulaylka, hawada (tube Finned), qolof iyo kulaylka tube exchangers "biibiile in biibiile", qolof-iyo saxan-, iyo kuwa kale. Waxaa jira in ka sare nooc khaas ah oo qalaad, tus, muquuninta (cochlea-bixiyaha) ama xoqo, kaas oo la dheecaanka viscous ama non-Newtonian, iyo noocyo kale oo badan shaqeeyaan.

Heat Iskubedelka "tube in tube"

Tixgeli xisaabinta ugu fudud ee Iskubedelka kulaylka "tube in tube" ah. Qaab ahaan, noocan ah Toa waxaa maximally fududeeyey. Inta lagu guda jiro bilowdo hay'adaha tube gudaha, sida caadiga ah kulul dareere kala iibsiga kulaylka si loo yareeyo khasaaraha, iyo guryaha ama tube dibadda, coolant qaboojinta orod. Engineer Task kiiskan yaraynaysaa in ay go'aan ka soo baxay dhererka Iskubedelka kulaylka ku saleysan bedka dhaafsiga kulaylka xisaabiyaa iyo dhexroor Fundka ah.

Waxaa xusid mudan ku daray in in thermodynamics barayaa fikradda ah Iskubedelka kulaylka fiican, in uu yahay of unit dhererka aan la koobi karayn, halkaas oo coolants shaqeeyaan counter, oo u dhexeeya farqi buuxda kiciyay heerkulka. "Biibiile in biibiile" The design dhow la kulmay shuruudahan. Oo haddii ay maamulaan dareere kala iibsiga kulaylka countercurrent, waxa ay noqon doontaa waxa loogu yeero "counter-dhabta ah" (sida soo horjeeda cross-sida ee ahaa wasladdii khafiifka Toa). cadaadiska Heerkulka ugu wax ku ool ah waxey imaneysaa marka ururka gaadiidka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fulinta a "biibiile in biibiile" xisaabinta Iskubedelka kulaylka waa in macquul ah iyo in aan la iloobin oo ku saabsan qayb ka logistics ah, iyo sidoo kale istareexsan ee rakibaadda. dhererka evrofury - 13.5 m, oo aan dhammaan goobaha farsamo habboon taraarax iyo rakibidda qalabka dhererka sida.

Shell iyo exchangers kulaylka tube

Sidaa darteed, waa qayb ka mid ah xisaabinta qalab noocan oo kale ah si habsami socodka galay xisaabinta qolof iyo tube Iskubedelka kulaylka. qalab Tani, kuna waari dhexdeeda xidhmo tuubada waa in hal kiis (sanduuqa battariga), dhaqday by coolants kala duwan, taas oo ku xidhan qalabka Ahaado. In capacitors, tusaale ahaan, ay maamulaan in jaakada refrigerant ah, iyo biyo - in tuubo. Iyada oo habkan oo ah gaadiidka deegaanno ka fudud oo ka hufan si loo xakameeyo howlgalka unugta. In evaporators ah, taas bedelkeeda, refrigerant, booguhu in tuubooyinka iyo inay maydhaan dareere la qaboojiyey (biyo, brines, glycols, iwm). Sidaa darteed, Iskubedelka xisaab-tube kulaylka waa la dhimay si loo yareeyo size qalabka. Playing ballaciisu yahay ee sanduuqa battariga ee, dhexroor iyo tirada iyo cimri dheer injineer tuubooyinka qalab iyo barxadda gudaha soo galo qiimaha fakaray ee bedka sarrifka kulaylka.

exchangers kulaylka hawada

Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan ee ay exchangers kulaylka fog - a exchangers kulaylka tube finned. Waxay yihiin yeedhay gariiradda. Halkaas oo ay yihiin oo keliya ma beddelo min fancoils (ka Ingiriisi. Fan + gariiradda, i.e., "taageere" + "gariiradda") ee blocks gudaha nidaamyada si recuperator gaaska qiiqa Rafaa (doorashada ee kulaylka kala dillaaciyey ka gaaska qiiqa kulul iyo kala iibsiga waxaa kulaylinta) in kululeeyaha ee CHP. Taasi waa sababta xisaabinta Iskubedelka gariiradda ku xiran codsiga, halkaas oo kulaylka galaa qalliinka. coolers hawada Industrial (VOPy) rakibay qolalka hilibka shoog-qaboojiyay ah, in qaboojiya marka heerkulku hooseeyo iyo waxyaabaha kale ee qaboojiyaha cuntada, waxay u baahan yihiin muuqaalada dhismaha qaarkood in ay design. Distance u dhexeeya lamella (fin) waa in la gaarsiiyaa in la kordhiyo waqtiga howlgalka si joogto ah inta u dhaxaysa wareegyada Dhalaali. Vaporizers DCS (dhexda data), on lid ku ah, ka dhigaysa suurto gal meel fog mezhlamelnye ku tirtirayaan more isafgaradka in ugu yaraan. exchangers kulaylka noocan oo kale ah ay ka shaqeeyaan ee "aaga saafi ah", oo colal ku filter a ganaax (ilaa fasalka HEPA), si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisaab this waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee Iskubedelka kulaylka embriyaha la saarayo on yareeyo dhinacyada guud.

exchangers saxan kulaylka

baahida Currently deggan, waayo, exchangers saxan kulaylka. Sida laga soo xigtay in ay design-ool ah, waxay si buuxda u gasketed iyo semi-welded, iyo mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, welded iyo habka sida- brazed (aan Alxan). design kaamerada of Iskubedelka saxan kulaylka waa ku filan dabacsan oo aan si gaar ah ay adag tahay in injineer. nidaamka xulashada ciyaari karaa taarikada nooca, channels qoto dheer la xirrira, nooca fin, oo dhumucdiisuna waxay steel, qalabka kala duwan iyo, ugu muhiimsan - noocyo badan size caadiga ah ee qalabka of iskeel oo kala duwan. exchangers kulaylka noocan oo kale ah waa yar yahay oo ballaadhan, (waayo, kulaylku uumi oo biyo ah) ama (exchangers kulaylka-soociddiisa nidaamyada hawo-conditioning) sare oo cidhiidhi ah. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa, oo dhexdhexaad ah la kala guurka waji, taas macnaheedu waa sida condensers, evaporators, coolers uumi, predkondensatorov iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Qabtaan design kaamerada of Iskubedelka kulaylka ka howlgala qaab biphasic, wax yar ka dhib badan Iskubedelka kulaylka ka mid ah "dareere-dareere ah", laakiin injineer khibrad dhibaatadan waa la xalin karo oo aan si gaar ah u adag. Si loo fududeeyo kuwaas xisaabaha samaynta injineernimada casriga isticmaali database computer, halkaas oo aad ka heli karto macluumaad badan oo lagama maarmaan ah, oo ay ku jiraan jaantuska wajiga of refrigerant kasta oo hab isku xigta kasta oo, tusaale ahaan, barnaamij CoolPack.

Xisaabinta Tusaale Iskubedelka

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee xisaabinta waa xisaabinta ah ee bedka sarrifka kulaylka loo baahdo. Heat (qaboojiyaha) Awoodda waxaa inta badan lagu qeexay shuruudaha tixraaca, laakiin in our Tusaale ahaan waxaan xisaabin doonaa iyada iyo, waayo, waxaad tidhaahdaan, jeeg ah faahfaahinta shuruudaha. Mararka qaarkood waxa kale oo dhici karta in xogta asalka Socda kartaa qalad. Mid ka mid ah hawlaha injineer awoodda - baadi this si aad u ogaato iyo xaliyo. Tusaale ahaan, u qabtaan xisaab Iskubedelka saxan kulaylka ka mid ah "dareere - dareere ah". Ha u ahaato circuit SEPARATOR ah (baxsadeen oo cadaadis) ee Dhisme sare. In si ay u gargaarto cadaadiska on qalabka, dhismaha todobo aad inta badan loo isticmaalaa hab this. On hal dhinac oo Iskubedelka kulaylka biyo galo Tvh1 = 14 ᵒS iyo ka bixitaanka Tvyh1 = 9 ᵒS, iyo G1 heerka socodka a = 14 500 kg / h, oo dhinaca kale ah - sidoo kale waa biyo, laakiinse halkan ku soo koobin soo socda: Tvh2 = 8 ᵒS, Tvyh2 ᵒS = 12, G2 = 18 125 kg / h.

awoodda loo baahan yahay (Q0) xisaabiyo formula ee kaamerada dheelitirka (eeg Jaantuska kore, caanaha 7.1 ..), Xaggee CP - awoodda kaamerada gaar ah (qiimaha miiska). Waayo, daacad ah xisaabinta qiimaha waxay qaadanayaan awoodda kulaylka EOT = 4,187 [KJ / kg * ᵒS] ah. Waxaan ka fiirsan:

Q1 = 14 500 * (14 - 9) * 4.187 = 303557.5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kw - dhinaca hore iyo

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kw - dhankiisa labaad.

Ogsoonow in, sida laga soo xigtay formula (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, iyadoo aan loo eegin taas oo dhinac ee xisaabinta qaadeen.

Dheeraad ah, ee isla'egta ugu weyn ee suuqa kala iibsiga kulaylka (7.2), waxaan ka heli meesha lagama maarmaan dusha (7.2.1), halkaas oo k - Wehliyaha kala iibsiga kulaylka (qiyaasayey si siman u 6350 [W / ^m2]), iyo ΔTsr.log. - Farqiga celceliska-kulka, waxaa loo xisaabiyaa by formula (7.3):

? Sr.log T. = (2 - 1) / lihida (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0.6931 = 1.4428,

F waa = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 m ^2.

In kiiska halkaas oo Wehliyaha kala iibsiga kulaylka waa la garanayn, xisaabinta yar waa Iskubedelka saxan kulaylka ka adag. Formula (7.4) waxaa loo arkaa tiro Reynolds meesha ρ - cufnaanta [kg / ^m3], η - nafwaayay firfircoon, [N * s / m ^2], v - xawaaraha ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah ee koollo ah [m / s], d cm - dhexroor wettable dhaleen [m].

From miiska u doonnaa sidiinnoo qiimaha baahan yahay Prandtl [Pr], iyo caanaha (7.5), waxaan aad u hesho tirada Nusselt, halkaas oo n = 0,4 - a xaaladaha dareere kululaynta, iyo n = 0,3 - qaboojinta xaaladaha dareere ah.

Dheeraad ah, caanaha (7.6) waxaa loo xisaabiyaa Wehliyaha kala iibsiga kulaylka ka coolant in ay derbi kasta, iyo caanaha (7.7) waa la wareegay Wehliyaha kala iibsiga kulaylka, kaas oo la bedelay caanaha (7.2.1) si ay u xisaabiso meesha kulaylka oogada is-dhaafsiga.

In ka qaaciidooyinka kor ku xusan, λ - Wehliyaha tabinta kaamerada, ϭ - dhumucda derbiga channel, α1 iyo α2 ah - kala iibsiga kulaylka horgalaha kasta oo derbiga kala iibsiga kulaylka.