Waa maxay nafwaayay? unit cabbirka nafwaayay

Nafwaayay sharaxayaa awooda dareere ama gaasas si ay u abuuraan iska caabin ah oo u dhexeeya dhaqaaqin qaraabo in kasta layers kale ee dareeraha (ma aha adag) jidhkooda. Taasi waa, qiimaha this u dhiganta ciidankii reer khilaaf gudaha ah (muddo Ingiriisi: nafwaayay), oo ka soo jeeda dhaqdhaqaaqa gaaska ama dareere. Waayo, meydadka kala duwan waxa ay noqon doontaa kala duwan, sida ay ku xiran tahay nooca. Tusaale ahaan, biyo ayaa ku nafwaayay ku yar malabka, taas oo ku nafwaayay badan marka la barbar dhigo. khilaaf gudaha ama isbeddello adag wax (bulk) lagu gartaa astaamo rheological.

nafwaayay Word ka timaadaa Latin Viscum ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay mistletoe ah. Tan waxa u sabab ah shimbir-lime, kaas oo waxaa laga sameeyey berry mistletoe oo loo isticmaalo qaadaan shimbiraha. Koolo lahu la laamaha geed iyo Shimbiraha iyaga ku fadhiya, noqdeen wax la dhaco fudud aadanaha.

Waa maxay nafwaayay? Halbeegyo cabbir ah sifooyinka lagu siin doonaa, sida uu yahay dhaqanka, nidaamka SI ah, iyo sidoo kale cutubyo kale oo aan SI.

Isaac Newton 1687, adkeeyo sharciga aasaasiga ah ee socodka hay'adaha dareere iyo gaseous: F = ƞ • {(v2 - v1) / (z2 - z1)} • S. Xaaladdan oo kale, F - waa xoog (tangential) kaas oo keena wareeg ah oo ka mid ah layers dhaqaajin karo jirka. Ratio (v2 - v1) / (z2 - z1) waxay muujinaysaa heerka isbedelka ee xawaaraha socodka dareere ama gaaska ee guurka ka mid lakabka in la dhaqaajin karo mid kale. Haddii kale loo yaqaan Wehliyaha xawaare socodka ama heerka xiirid. magnitude ee S - waa meel ah (cross section) ee socodka jirka dhaqaajin karo. Ƞ factor dheellitirnaanta waa Wehliyaha nafwaayay ah ee firfircoon jirka this. Size, ay j-bedelka = 1 / ƞ, isbeddello u. Force iyo cunfiga halkii deegaanka unit (in iskutallaabta qaybta) ee socodka loo xisaabin karaa sida ay caanaha: μ = F / S. Waa buuxda ama ku nafwaayay firfircoon. Halbeegyo cabbir nidaamka SI ah, waxaa lagu sheegi karaa sida labaad Pascal.

nafwaayay The waa astaamaha-kiimikada muhiim ah oo walxaha badan. Its qiimaha account ee design iyo hawlgalka tuubooyin iyo qalabka galay taas oo ay jirto dhaq-dhaqaaqa (tus, haddii ay waxaa loo isticmaalaa shubto) dhexdhexaad ah ee dareeraha ah ama gas. Waxay noqon kartaa saliidda, gaaska iyo by-products ay, slag shubay ama galaas, iyo wixii la mid ah. Nafwaayay in kiisas badan oo waa dabeecadda tayo of intermediates iyo alaabta final of kala duwan manufactures, tan waxay ku xiran tahay qaabka maalkii iyo muujinaysaa gobolka physico-kiimiko ah qalab iyo isbeddel ah ee technology. Inta badan, in la qiyaaso iska caabin ah si ay calaamadaha lahayo aan la isticmaalin ama uu dhacayo ee ku nafwaayay ku firfircoon iyo kinematic, kaas oo unugyada unugyada SI loogu muujiyo mitir oo laba jibbaaran per labaad. nafwaayay Kinematic (muujinaysaa by ν) waa ratio ee ku nafwaayay ku firfircoon (μ) si cufnaanta dheecaan (ρ): v = μ / ρ.

nafwaayay Kinematic - a sifooyinka physico-kiimiko ah waxyaabaha la, oo muujinaysa awoodda hoos tallaabada ciidamada gravitational iska caabin socodka.

The SI unit cabbir ku nafwaayay kinematic lagu soo waramayaa sida / m2 s.

In nidaamka nafwaayay CGS ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay Stokes ah (St) ama centistokes (CST).

Inta u dhaxaysa, kuwaas oo halbeeg lagu qiyaaso jiro xiriir soo socda: cm 1 = 10-4 m2 / s, ka dibna 1 CST = 10-2 cm = 10-6 m2 / s = 1 mm2 / s. Inta badan ku nafwaayay kinematic waa unug kale oo aan systemic ee cabbirka - this degrees Engler, taas oo suuqa kala iibsiga Stokes la fulin karo by caanaha taaban karo: v = 0,073oE - 0.063 / œ ama miiska.

Si loogu badalo ku nafwaayay ku firfircoon cutubyo nidaamka loo isticmaali karaa in isla'eg extrasystematic: 1 Pa • c = 10 poises. Soo saarista, waxaa qoran: AP

Sida caadiga ah unugyada waxaa nidaaminaya nafwaayay dheecaan waraaqo caadi on dhamaystirtay (ganacsi) wax soo saarka ama habka loo baahan yahay on interm wada jir ah ula kala duwan oo la aqbali karo kala duwanaansho of this sifooyinka tayada, iyo sidoo kale qaladka ah ee cabbirka.

Si loo go'aamiyo ku nafwaayay ku hoos shaybaarka ama xaaladaha warshadaha waa viscometers naqshado kala duwan. Waxay noqon karaan Rotary, kubada, gaddoonka ah, ultrasonic ah. Mabda'a qiyaasiddii nafwaayay ee viscometer gaddoonka galaas ku salaysan go'aaminta waqtiga uu dhacayo ee dareeraha tuubo dhexdiisa gaddoonka of dhexroor gaar ah iyo dhererka, joogta ah ee viscometer waa in la tixgeliyaa. Tan iyo ku nafwaayay mid ah waxyaabaha ay ku xidhan tahay heerkulka (la sii kordhaya waxay hoos u dhigi doontaa sabab u ah aragtida ah kelli ogeed oo sabab u ah xawaaraha ee mooshinka random iyo is dhexgalka ee u taagoo), sidaa darteed saamiga baaritaanka ay tahay in la hayo muddo ah heerkulka gaar ah, waayo, celcelis ahaan la soo dhaafay oo dhan mugga ee tusaalaha ah. Waxaa jira dhowr hab oo imtixaanka ku nafwaayay caadiga ah, laakiin ugu badan - waa gobolada Heerka GOST 33-2000, wixii la goostay ayaa ku salaysan ku nafwaayay ku kinematic, unugyada ee kiiskan mm2 / s (CST), iyo ku nafwaayay firfircoon loo xisaabinayaa sida wax soo saarka ah ee ku nafwaayay ku kinematic by cufnaanta.