Uilyam Batler Yeyts: Biography iyo shuqullo

Uilyam Batler Yeyts loo yaqaan gabayaa ugu weyn ee af-Ingiriisi ah XIX dabayaaqadii - qarniyo hore XX, wuxuu sameeyey wax badan inay u beddesho qaab gabay, iyo sidoo kale a riwaayadaha, essayist iyo ayaadse. Liiska buugaagta lagu taliyey by Hemingway akhriska khasab in qorayaasha dhalinyaro ah, ayaa lagu qeexay, iyo Yeats "Autobiography". Uu gabay bixisay dareenka turjubaano Gaalowday. Ma aha oo kaliya sida gabayaa, isagu xaq buu isu kala duwanaayeen Uilyam Batler Yeyts. gabayo uu dhab ahaan waa mid aad u qiimo badan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Uilyam Batler sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abwaan a. Fikradaha riwaayadaha Yeats saamayn xoog leh ku TS Eliot, shaqo ee isaga ka horeeyay lagu gartaa sida "qayb muhiim ah oo ruux qarnigii this."

Asal ahaan, dhallinyarada iyo farshaxanka gaar ahaan dhallinyarada

Waxaan ku mashquulsan yihiin gabayaa af-Ingiriisi ah oo ku dhashay caasimadda ah ee Ireland, in qoyska of rinjiile caan ah, waxaa iska lahaa dugsi Pre-Raphaelite ah (taas oo, kadis ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u dhow, iyo qoyska Kipling ee). Ma uusan helin sida wax waxbarashada tooska ah hufan, laakiin qaar badan oo ka shaqeeyey madax banaan. hamiday Hore ee suugaanta.

Aayaadka ugu horeysay waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay lehi Shelley iyo Spencer. Waxa uu bilaabay inuu dib u soo qori in 1882, iyo daabacaadda kowaad wuxuu ahaa ee 1885. Markaas, in 1885, William qeyb ka ahaa ururka bulshada alchemical Dublin ka shaqeeya weedhu. Interest iyaga oo ku sii ahaan doono noolaa gabayaa ee.

William bilaabay inuu la daabacay 20-ka sano, iyo ka dib 4 sano la daabacay buugga koowaad ee gabayada. Soo bixiyey on fikradaha nin Pre-Raphaelite dhallinyarada ahaa, ayuu yidhi, oo wuxuu lahaa oo "nacayb daanyeer" xagga rationalism iyo farsamaynta jeer oo casri ah. Waxa ay u muuqatay in ay isaga in gabayada dhuftay halaagga, waxa uu magangalay calaamad, ka fiirsaneysa in image quruxda, ka our view qarsoon, ma suurtowdo in cilinta kale oo aan ahayn billaabeen inay isticmaalka calaamado. Laakiin xitaa markaa Yeats dalbaday in tahay ma aha oo kaliya saameyn ku dareen on akhristaha, laakiin sidoo kale saameynta ay moral ah.

waxqabadka waxbarashada

Ciidamada badan oo wacyi Abwaan siiyey. In 1891 wuxuu abaabulay ee London Irish Suugaanta Society, ka dib Midowga Qaranka ee Irish ee Dublin, sida firfircoon ee shaqada oo ka mid ah bulshada ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu, daryeelo horumarinta hiddaha Irish. Mid ka mid ah guulihii uu ahaa abuurista ee loo yaqaan Gaelic League - Midowga Public looga golleeyahay in lagu horumariyo dhaqanka ah Irish qaran, soo nooleenta luqadda wadaniga ah iyo kala guurka si suugaanta, oo ku salaysan dhaqanka ee qaranka.

dadka Irish leeyihiin taariikh adag. "Green Island" waxaa ku nool ku soo ururiya qabiilooyinkiinna Celtic qarnigii IV BC. In times casriga ah, qarnigii XII ah, Ireland ayaa soo Xukunka England. ayay Kaliya ee 1921 heshay aqoonsi dowladnimo iyo in 1949 - xornimada. Northern Ireland, caadi ahaan loo yaqaan Ulster, ku hadhay la British ah. xeerka Dibadda ahaa arxan, sharciyada uma ay oggolaan Irish in ay isticmaalaan afkooda hooyo hoos xanuunka dhimashada. By dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, halganka ay dhaqan u gaar ah oo luqada uu noqday haajirid mass adag; Haddaba Irish ah Abroad ku nool sida ugu badan ee Ireland. Tirada dadka isticmaala ee afka hooyo waxay bilaabeen inay daneyneysaa. Hadda xitaa, marka xaaladda la saxo, Irish ah ayaa sheegay in in ka yar rubuc ka mid ah muwaadiniinta.

"The nooleynta suugaanta Irish"

Dagaalka looga soo horjeedo hoos u ah dhaqanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa laftiisa dhigay hawsha, "nooleenta suugaanta Irish", taas oo ay jirto ahaa Gaelic League iyo bilowgii kaas oo la xidhiidha sii daayo ee 1893 gabayada ururinta, oo ay qoreen Uilyam Yeyts ( "Celtic Twilight"). Dhaqdhaqaaqa ma ma qaadan in ay dhibaato goolka uzkoyazykovym, iyo dad badan oo iyaga ka mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan William, ku qoran English. "Gaelic - aan dhalashadiisa, laakiin aan afka hooyo," - yiri Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Xigasho waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa si kor loogu qaado dhaqdhaqaaqa this. Dhibaatada "nooleenta ee Irish suugaanta" ahaa hami - toosi ruuxa qaranka, sii dhaqanka qoom, si ay u difaacaan madaxbannaanida dhaqanka ee dalka.

Abuurista Suugaanta Irish Tiyaatarka

Iyadoo qayb ka ah mooshinka Uilyam Batler Yeyts aasaasay 1899 by Irish Suugaanta Tiyaatarka ee Dublin iyo waxa ay aheyd agaasimaha dhow in la dilo ku saabsan 40 sano. Qaataan waayo, tiyaatarka, isagu xaq buu isu soo shaqeeyay, tilmaamayaa inta badan in arrimaha Tacaddi qaranka iyo taariikhda afkiisa hooyo. Halkan, Yates ahaa innovator ugu weyn. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro fikrad ah asalka ah ee "masraxa gabay", xaqiiqda biyo kama dhibcaan Lagaga ee naturalism.

nolosha gaarka ah iyo gabayo ku saabsan jacaylka

In gabayada, kaas oo noqday xirfad ugu weyn ee Yeats, waxa uu sidoo kale waa joogto ah ugu jirnaa. Shuqulkiisa hore habaysan caddooyinka iyo quudiyaa fikradda ah "quruxda weligeed ah". Tassna waxaa si dhib leh jiitay Abwaan. nooca A midabka naxdin leh in gabayada ee Yeats keenay jacaylka. At da'da 24, uu kula kulmay quruxda dhallinyarada Maud Goni, actarad iyo kacaan ah, oo sannado badan lahaa iyada dareen dareen in wali aan la kala qaybin. Kaliya 52 sano jir ah, markii afaraad ka Maud failure in ay ku xidhmaan naftooda helay, bilaabay qoys Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Waxa uu doonayaa dharkii samadu ..." - waa magaca mid ka mid ah gabayo uu la xiriira jacaylka lyrics. By habka, khadadka sanqadhiisana bilowga ah ee filimka "kortay". Qaar badan ma oga in ay qoraaga - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Laakiin waxaan, isagoo miskiin ah, waxay leeyihiin riyooyin oo kaliya aan," - ayaa sheegay in geesiga lyrical of maansadu, barooranayeen xaqiiqada ah in aanay faafin karaa at cagaha uu jecel yahay "Xariir jannada."

Confessionalism iyo gabayada madaniga ah

Waqti ka, shuqullada Yeats ah halbeegyada tayada jab. "Weligeed Beauty", gabay ah oo ku saabsan jacaylka - waxan oo dhan ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah iyo baaba '. Laga bilaabo la "mas'uuliyadda" of ururinta (1914), Uilyam Batler sii kordheysa keentay in ay confessionalism iyo gabayada madaniga ah. a collection of gabayo Gaadhsiin jawi bulsho kacsan. In abid-welwelay qanacsanayn Catholic Ireland kopilos la saldanad ah ee Protestant England. Si loo xalliyo dhibaatada kacdoonkii Dublin ee 1916. Ireland laftiisa jamhuuriyadda ah, laakiin kooxaha socday maalmood kaliya shan. Uilyam Batler Yeyts ahayd waqti this ee London, iyo dhacdooyinka ahaayeen dhameystiran lama filaan ah isaga si, laakiin way ka tageen qorid ah oo qoto dheer uu maanka.

Waxay qaadatay reappraisal soo hareen ee la soo dhaafay. Halkii qasan caddooyinka mysticism shaqada Yeats waxaa ka mid ah taariikhda dalka la geesiyaal ay dhab ah. Xaqiiqda lagu hoobtay ee kacdoonka, taas oo sheegtay in 450 nolosha, dhimashada madaxda ay keentay Abwaan inay iska tuur aristocracy dhaliyay, markii dib loo fiiriyo dadka.

The gabayada midab naxdin leh

Life ma siin taageero adag in wax ka haabhaabtaan. The raadiyo dagaalka dhuumaalaysiga ah la soo duulay British ismaandhaafka Yates niyad qadhaadh. Ayaa waxaa ka adkaan uu cabsi cadaanyo silsilad nacayb iyo dulmi ah. The dabeecad midab naxdinta lahaa intooda badan oo ka mid ah gabayo of muddo this. Laakiin, dabcan, aan la kulmay ee lyrics of Yeats iyo chords faraxsan. Tusaale - gabay ah "The kaman garaace of Dunii".

kalsoonidii Abwaan

Yeats gabayada riyaaqay aqoonsi balaadhan. Sida cad, ma aha lagama maarmaan tahay in la raadiyo buunbuunin ee caanaha ee Academy Swedish ah, taas oo xusay in uu shaqada "siinayaa hadal in nuxurka ruuxiga ah ee quruunta oo dhammu." Awoodda gabayaa ahaa weyn. Laga soo bilaabo 1922 in 1928, Yates - oo xubin ka ah aqalka Senate-Irish ah, mid ka mid ah saddex senators si ay ugala talin Dowladda arrimaha waxbarashada, suugaanta iyo farshaxanka. Khudbad uu iskala qeyb ka ilaalinta ee taxadiri badan oo qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan isku dayo in uu fara siyaasadda ma siin natiijada, oo wuu diiday horyaalka sharaf.

hadalka Senate

hadalka Yeats Senate bixiyo cadaymaha uu qiimaynta doorka dhaqanka ee bulshada. In mid ka mid ah uu sheegay in uu lahaa rajo ma jirto si aad u aragto midaysan Ireland a, arki goysiga ah ee Ulster; laakiin waxa uu aaminsan yahay in dhamaadka waxa dhici doona, iyo ma, sababtoo ah Irish ka dagaalami doonaa, waayo, laakiin maxaa yeelay, waxay leeyihiin maamul fiican ee dalkooda. Uilyam Batler Yeyts sheegay in this waxaa la samayn karaa iyadoo la abuurayo dhaqan u taagan doonaa dalka kaas oo soo jiidan doonaa caasinimada dadka dhalinyarada ah.

tobanka sano ee la soo dhaafay oo ka mid ah nolosha iyo shaqada

Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa, waxaa u muuqday, aamusnaan biyaa. taageero moral iyo wax Great ahaa Nobel Prize, taas oo uu ku helay in 1923. Abwaan mar kale ka buuxa xoog ruuxi ah oo jirka ka mid ah da 'dhaw ku hadla la kaftan xasilloon. Laakiin tani waa kaliya dibadda ha is dajiyaan, nolosha ruuxiga ah ee Abwaan weli waxaa ka buuxa halganka. In uu hoos u sano oo dhan qoraa qadarin, dib ugu soo dhaafay raadinaya, fikirka ku saabsan mustaqbalka, naftaada mid weydiin dhibi kale ah. In uu shaqo waxaa jira threads cusub loo baabiiyo fikradaha cusub, la beddelo farsamo gabay. Sidaas daraaddeed sida lahaa si joogto ah laftiisa ku gacansaydhay. Search Status ma aysan tagin ilaa dhammaadka.

Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in aayaadkiisa ee la xidhiidha muddada soo daahay ee uu shaqada, leedahay dabeecad badan oo shakhsi badan shuqullada hore. Gaar ahaan, waxay gudbiyo carruurta William Yeats bandhigaysaa shakhi ku saabsan gabowga.

The iyo toban sannadood ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa Yeats loo aqoonsaday ah Abwaan Irish qaranka. Waxa uu inta badan bukay, laakiin wuxuu sii waday inuu sameeyo. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa uu ku abuuray shuqullada in calaamadeeyay xirfad aan caadi ahayn, hamiday weyn iyo male. iyaga ka mid ah waa in aan soo magacawnay ururinta sida "Tower The" (1928) iyo "muquuninta Jarnjarada", ka abuuray 1933.

Abwaan on Riviera Faransiis ah ayaa ku dhintay, in magaalada Cap-Martin, 28 January 1939. Dhimashada yimid ka dib markii cudur kale. Sida laga soo xigtay doonista Yeats, kaas oo loogu talagalay in doonistiisa ku ladhan, 1948, hadhaagii uu reburied ee Ireland.

jahawareerka ka jira qofka iyo shaqada Abwaan

gudubka kadis ah mid caan ku ah Yeats, artist oo dhan mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ku dhow 60-sano ah. Waxa uu marar badan diideen in ay horumar, isbeddel, iyo kala duwanaayeen shuqulkiisa. Xaqiiqada ah ee nolosha iyo Biography suugaanta ee Yeats aad u diidani. nolosha oo dhan uu uu xiiseynayo in waxbarista asalka ah. Tani waxaa ka muuqata in uu shaqada. Gaar ahaan, spiritualism kaabayaasha dhaqaale Uilyam Yeyts. "Vision" - waxaa la daabacay 1925. Buuga, taas oo uu ku fasiraya daqiiqado nafsi ah oo taariikhi ah ka barta of mysticism. Ugu hal mar, Uilyam Batler xataa aaminsan yahay Roles faashistihii heer hoose ah.

Iyadoo la raacayo, xukunka dhaleecayn jagooyinka uu falsafada inta badan labada dhinacba ka horjoogsanaya in midba midka kale: Yeats matalaan ee Kacaanka, waa socodnimo, traditionalist ah, casri ah. Waxaa ay taageerayaan tixraacyo articles ah, ayaa hadalkoodii, khadadka gabay. jahawareerka ka jira qofka iyo shaqada ee William Butler Yeats noqday caado. Mid ka mid ah wax waa cad yahay - wuxuu ahaa nin si joogto ah u dadaalaya dhinaca hay'adaha cusub ruuxiga ah. Oo waa hanti isaga u waxyoonay si ay u abuuraan nooc ka mid ah oo cusub oo ka kooban gabay, kaas oo noqday qayb muhiim ah oo dhaqanka casriga ah.