Tusaalooyinka bylinas. The geesiyaal epics Ruush

Epics - nooc ka mid ah hiddaha ee song iyo hab Tacaddi. Warkooda waxaa badanaa lagu dhisay on sharaxaad ku saabsan wax kasta oo dhacdooyin aan caadi ahayn ee la soo dhaafay ama dhacdooyin taariikhi ah oo muhiim ah. The geesiyaal epos waa kala duwan ee dabiiciga ah, laakiin xooggoodii had iyo jeer u soo jeestay inay wax shar ah ula dagaalamaan. Cadaawayaashiinna geesiyaal lagu tilmaamay oo aan ka yarayn midabo, qof kasta - gool kulaad ah ee caadiga ah. Tusaale ahaan waa warkii badan, laakiin qaar ka mid ah waxay u baahan yihiin in si gaar ah loo ogaado, waxa laga wada hadli doonaa in this article.

Sidee erayga suugaanta "Tacaddi"

Magaca hadda waxaa la soo jeediyay in 1839 by philologist Ivanom Saharovym, kuwaas oo la daabacay uu maqaalka ku daabaco "Songs ka mid ah dadka Ruush." Seynisyahanno ku isticmaalo erayga ah "doorkiisii ah", taas oo macnaheedu yahay "sida ay xaqiiqada." "True Story", "hore", "Tacaddi" - doorasho luqadda lagu guulaystay.

Dhaqan Tacaddi u kala qaybiyey laba wareegyada waaweyn: Kiev iyo Novgorod. Iyadoo characters lacagta la xidhiidha ugu horeeyay, siday u badan yihiin maadooyinka, kuwaas oo xisaabin magaalada caasimada iyo yard Kiev Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavovych iyo ka dib Vladimir Monomove.

Epic geesiyaal-geesiyaal yihiin: Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich, Stavr Godinovich, Churilo Plenkovich, Michael Potyk. geesiyaal Tacaddi Novgorod - waxaa kula baayacmushtari jirtay guslar Sadko iyo geesi Vasily Buslaev. geesiyaal Kiev "Senior" - Mikula Selyaninovich, Svyatogor iyo Volga.

saynisyahano cilmi

Tusaalooyinka epics waxaa lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in ilaa qarnigii 18aad, iyagoo aan la duubay. ururinta hore ee qoray ee Kirsa Danilova la aasaasay Moscow kaliya ee 1804. Iyo kaliya in ka dib markii raacay ruuxa dhammaystirayaa. On la ruxruxo ee xiisaha epos ee 1830-1850 sano Slavophil Kireevskiy Petr Vasilevich abaabulay ururinta a baahsan ee hiddaha. In muddo gaaban in isaga iyo caawiyayaashiisa waxaa laga soo minguuriyay boqolaal warkii Tacaddi ee gobolka Volga iyo gobollada waqooyiga, ka dibna Siberia iyo Urals ah. Natiijada ka mid ah kooxda cilmi-baarista waxay bilaabeen inay 80 sheekooyinka.

Guud ahaan, tusaalooyin epos la si buuxda u habeeyay in wakhti yar oo gaaban, oo philologists, saynisyahano ahaayeen in la maaddo Tacaddi badan shaqeyn karin. Tani waxay keentay in isticmaalka hiddaha ee dissertation oo camal tacliimeed. Tusaalayaasha ugu weyn ee hal-abuurka Tacaddi ka mid ah dadka Ruush in la soo bandhigay heer caalami ah.

Inta badan warkii Tacaddi ahaayeen aasaaska mythological tilmaamay musiibooyinka dabiiciga ah iyo dabeecada aad u daran ee geesiyaal gudbo cawaaqibka ay. Oo ma had iyo jeer si guul leh. Waayo, dhowr qarniyo, Tacaddi iyo jid kasta oo bedeli, qaabeeyo iyo idiinkala hadhin. Ugu hal mar, halyeeyada qasan hiddaha afka of West ah, laakiin waxa ay ku dhamaatay aflagaado, iyo dadaalka sida wadaan cadaadis. Ugu dambayntii epos sequenced.

calaamadaha dabeecadda

Tartiib tartiib Tacaddi qaaday hiddaha joogto ah iyo qaab suugaaneed, iyo sidaas waxaa jiray style aad u qeexan gabayada ka kooban tahay iskujir ah dactyl la madaxdii muusikaystayaasha, oo ka dib ka anapests. Heesaha lama ficil ahaan, dhan ku salaysan euphony ee aayadda iyo musicality. Verse epics ka duwan "pobyvalschin" set heer hoose baxay tiraab, taas oo, sida farshaxanka aan la aqbali by dadweynaha. Tacaddi dhab ah dhawaaq had iyo jeer waa hodan la markooda gabay, full of epithets, masaallo iyo barbardhigo. Sayidka Aayado waa cad oo macquul ah oo ay dhawaaqa.

Sida caadiga ah Tacaddi aayadda qaybiyay laba qaybood. sheekeeye The iyadoo la raacayo marka hore lahaa wanaajinta, si ay u soo bandhigaan qoraalo sida naftiisa oo ka mid ah, iyo qaybta labaad waajib u tahay in la raaco qaab gaar ah, ee caadi ahaan u gudbin content ee bandhigga saxda ah, oo aan waxba beddelin hal eray. Sidaa daraadeed waxaa la helay mahrajaan afka ah, kaas oo had iyo jeer ma uu fiirin dabiiciga ah. Inta badan ay ku xiran yihiin tayada sheekeeye.

Ilya Muromets, geesiga ah ee Tacaddi ah

"... Waxa uu ku noolaa oo u dhow magaalada Moore, tuulada koritaanka ridayeen Karacharovo geesinimada, laakiin ma socon karin, oo dhan kariyaha ahaa ku jiifay. Xaqiiqada ah in lugaha ha, murugo Ilya. Wuxuu maqlay tuugagga ku waddooyinka dadka dhacaan Dragon ee Russia fiicnayn, sidaas darteed gabdhaha oo dhan si buuxda u baabba'ay. Sida loo caawiyo dalka hooyo Ilya oo dhan u baroorteen.

Ka caawisay dad sodcaal tegey inay biyo ka cabbaan. Pokoldovali haa lugaha hagaajiyeen Ile Muromtsu, ayuu kacay, silushku helay aan horay loo arag. Aniga qudhaydu waxaan soo iibsaday faras wanaagsan, isgooyaan, la Tagnana waan dharab subaxdii, oo waxay noqdeen ciyaar Ilya geesigeeda waayo, xoog si dhakhso ah.

Ilya ururin kooraystay Burushku, laakiin fuulay amarka in Russia si toos ah, laakiin waxa oo arag. "

Sadko

hiddaha Ruush yahay mawduucyada kala duwan iyo madaxtooyada. Heroes dhici jasiiradda, halkaas Waxyaabaha Wild u tahay, in waxyaalaha moolka dheer oo badda, halkaas oo ay ku sugayeen boqorka badda la mermaids.

Epic "Sadko" - mid ka mid ah shuqullada wanaagsan ee Tacaddi. In iyada sharaxaad abuuray Rimsky-arrimo la magac la mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, Tacaddi ah "Sadko" adeegay sidii shirqool, waayo, agaasimaha film a Alexander Ptushko la Sergei Stolyarov iyo Daawaha Larionovoy bilowday.

"... In Novograd qurxoon oo labadaba ku noolaa baayacmushtariga Sadko ah, hodan ah, qurux badan. Waxaa in uu kaliya kataaradda yarovchaty by facooda casuumay inuu u ciyaaro isticmaalo, sidaas darteed wuxuu ku noolaa. Haa, laakiin waa in aan u yeedhay mar wax ka badan, oo aan laba jeer, ma saddex, u maleeyeen Sadko u tageen inay Ilmen u gudubno, on dhagax cad-ololi kara, taabtay xadhig fadhiistay.

hirarka biyaha Vzneslas boqorka badda ku dhuftay. "Play Nice, Sadko sida loo aad mahadsanid Al dahab khasnadda tag-ka si ay u Novograd oo ka dhacay mortgage weyn u soo cararnay si golovushku rabshado ka dhan ah wax soo saarka ee baayacmushtariga cas, saamiga u qaali ah Haa odhan!? .. Ma, in kalluunka dahab Ilmen Lake sida. dharbaaxo mortgage, xeebta ku iman xariir waxba reebin. waxaan idin siin doonaa saddex baadad kalluun-dahab ah. "

Novohradské baayacmushtariyaasha badiyay alaabtoodii oo dhanna way cas Guslar Sadko, potorgovyvat uu noqday hesho faa'iidada weyn. baayacmushtariyaasha Rich, laakiin alaabta ay noqdeen cas. Markaasuu bilaabay inuu ku noolaado Xoolahooda cusub. Iyo sida Sadko gadiga badda laakiin naagtiisa keenay - waa sheeko kale ... "

Knights Volga iyo Mikula Selyaninovich

Waxaa ka mid ah images Tacaddi Ruush helay geesiyaal kuwaas oo wada tashi xoog storytellers nevidanoy, iyo waqti isku mid ah ay ku nool yihiin xaalado aan caadi ahayn, u dhigma ay awood heer sare ah.

Epic "Volga iyo Mikula" - a heer sare ah tusaale ahaan ka mid ah dad shuqullada, taas oo muujinaysa sida ay geesiyaal Tacaddi Ruush midoobaan si ay ula dagaalamaan outrages ee Russia. Isla mar dhibaatooyin xafiisyada ee Russia ogaadho, arrimaha oo dhan la xalin kaliya beddelkeeda laaluush. From falalka khaldaan "adeeg gobolka" gaaray falaa fudud Mikula Selyaninovich oo arrintan ku saabsan iyo sheegayaa Tacaddi ah "Volga iyo Mikula".

"... Waxay ruxmay xiddigaha habeenkii ah oo cirka jooga, iyo subax, waxa uu ku dhashay Russia, hooyada geesi yar oo Volga Vseslav'evich. Baby dhintay oo la seexday hal saac u taagay oo waxaad kala gooysay oo dhan xafaayadda, suun dahab ah. Oo sidaas daraaddeed ayaa sheegay in hooyada Volga: "Marwo, hooyaday, in aan la ii tuujin, ku riday hubka u bir ah, koofiyad in gacanta si ay u siiyaan stopudovo koox". Hooyadaa waxay ahayd cabsi, iyo Volga waxaa sii kordhaya by aadamiga iyo daqiiqo, sii kordhaya qorista iyo barashada. Lix sano ka jeestay, tegey socod, dhulku ruxmay. Xayawaanka qarineyseen, Shimbiraha oo iska duulay, Volga oo ha cayn kasta oo xiiso leh Been: Galaydhka ka duuli doonaa samada, deerada boodi doonaa, oo markaas cirradayda in Yeeyi Cunto a. Maxaa Orodyahanka ayaa reebtay 15 sano jir ka dibna, oo uu sameeyey camalka wanaagsan. Oo ma - waa sheeko oo kala duwan ... "

Mikula Selyaninovich

"... Hore ee qorraxda socday Volga isaga iyo wefdigii canshuuraha magaalada ururiyey, maray, waxaa laga yaabaa in hal mayl iska, Oo iyagu waxay maqli - beerta la qodo qof ku dhow, mixaraatka saara a on dhagaxyada maratay dhufan. Aan si falaa uu tago, oo aan la gaari karin, makhribkii la gaarin, maalinta ku xigta soo gaaray, maqleen oo keliya sida shaqo joojinta marashidiisii mixaraatka saara maratay haa foorida falaa. Waxay gaadheen maalintii saddexaad, qorrax dhaca. Ratigii Volga, beerta falaa uu u sujuuday dhexda: "Hello, aan nin wanaagsan, in rabotnichek ah!" "Noqo macquul ah, Volga Vseslavovich! Xaggee jidkiisa?"

Long ama, hadlay si kooban oo ku saabsan in, oo ku saabsan arrintan, laakiin wuxuu maray shufto waddada si cabsi. Boqol Magaalooyinka haa kun tuulooyinka xoreeyay, oo ahaa falaa - Mikula Selyaninovich, geesiga Ruush. Noqo saaxiibada ay Volga, oo si hagaagsan maalinta jinniyo shar leh sidaas ahaa, soo gaadhsiisay nadiifiyaa. Iyo iid iyaga la jiray ku loox oo geedkii ku yiil kaynta haa - tani waxaa la sheegi Tacaddi kale ... "

Ilya Muromets iyo Nightingale tuug ah

Inta badan shuqullada buugaagta Tacaddi Ruush, halka korkooda, xoog ma jiro, oo ay caan u korayo sannad ilaa sannad. Masterpieces waxaa ka mid ah in manhajka dugsiga, cilmi baarista waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyaga on. Bylina "Nightingale ah tuug iyo Ilya Muromets" waa kaliya wax soo saarka noocan oo kale ah.

"... Nightingale fadhiya tuug geedkii Odihmantev wiilkii qoyan. cod xiin kaasina waa Nightingale iyo qaylada xayawaan. Haddii by Foodhi, ama ciyaya ka nooli ay cawska ayaa la dilay, ubaxa u qadimeen Azure, qori madow on dhulka, uma aan dhigin, iyo kan dadka ka - oo dhan been dhintay. Pryamoezzhey wadada shan boqol miles oo dhan ayaa la dilay, iyo ezdom a marto - per kun.

Gudub halkan Cossack Ilya Muromets, qaadataa qaanso giijisan, tetivochku Shelkov jiido, kabka arrow-kulul. Toogteen wax ka lalmada xumu Nightingale tuug ah. Haa isha iyo reebay, iyo jiido dhulka ku, ku xidhan stapes ku laakiinse wuxuu soo qabtay berrin bannaan ee la soo dhaafay buulkeedii si Nightingale ah ... "