Tu-244 - diyaarad rakaab supersonic

Marka dadkii waxay bilaabeen inay ka adkaadaan samada xoog badan, waxay had iyo jeer ku dadaalayaa in uu wanaajiyo diyaaradda si aad u la isku halayn karo, dhaqso, dheeraad ah capacious. Mid ka mid ah waxay Been Abuuran ugu cusub oo binu-aadmiga oo jihada this yihiin diyaarado rakaab supersonic. Laakiin, nasiib daro, laga reebo dhif, inta badan horumar ayaa la xiray ama hadda ku jira marxalad qabyada ah. Mid ka mid ah mashruuca sida waa diyaarad rakaab supersonic Tu-244, kuwaas oo aan hoos ku wada hadli doonaan.

dhaqso badan sanqadha

Laakiin ka hor inta aan hadalka bilaabin si toos ah oo ku saabsan-Tu 244, ha qaadan dalxiiska gaaban oo galay taariikhda aadanaha in ay ka gudbaan xawaaraha jeedin codka, sababtoo ah diyaaradaha uu noqon doono in la sii wado si toos ah cilmi sayniska ee ku yaala goobahan.

boost weyn horumarinta duulimaadyada ah la siiyay dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Taasi waa marka ay jiraan naqshado dhabta ah ee diyaaradaha la matoorada diyaaradaha awood u xawaare fur weyn. Tan iyo markii qeybtii labaad ee 40-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, ay si firfircoon loo labada aqbali doonaa in duulimaadyada ciidamada iyo rayidka.

Hawsha soo socda ahayd in la kordhiyo ugu xawaaraha of diyaaradda. Haddii aad bixi caqabad ku supersonic ma ahaa adag, si fudud oo kordhinaya awooda engine, gudbid wuxuu ahaa mushkilad weyn, tan iyo sharciyada aerodynamics xawaare kuwa kala duwan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha ugu horeysay ee tartanka dhawaaqa ayaa lagu gaarey in 1947 in diyaaradaha Maraykanka tijaabo ah, laakiin technology ultrasonic ballaaran u isticmaalay ma bilaabi ilaa dhamaadka 50 ee - horraantii 60-mada ay qarnigii XX ee duulista ciidamada. Waxaa jira daydo wax soo saarka sida MiG-19, North American A-5 ilaalo, Convair F-102 Delta seef iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

Rakaabka diyaaradaha supersonic

Laakiin duulista rayidka ah ma ay si nasiib. diyaarad rakaab supersonic The ugu horeysay ayaa u muuqday oo kaliya in ay 60s daahay. Oo la joogo waxaa la abuuray kaliya labo model serial - the Soviet Tu-144 iyo Franco-British "Concord". Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen diyaaradaha muddo dheer shixnadda caadiga ah. Tu-144 ku jiray howlgal ka 1975 si ay u 1978, iyo "Concord" - laga bilaabo 1976 ilaa 2003. Sayidka, xilligan looma isticmaalo, ma diyaaradaha supersonic la gaadiidka rakaabka.

Waxaa jiray mashaariic badan oo dhismaha si supersonic iyo diyaaradaha hypersonic, laakiin qaar ka mid ah ugu danbayntiina la xidhay (Douglas 2229, Super-Caravelle, T-4, iyo kuwa kale.), Oo hirgelinta kale fidiyey aan xad lahayn (matoorada Reaction A2, SpaceLiner, Generation Next Supersonic Transport). Arintaan waxay khusaysaa Tu-244 mashruuc diyaaradda.

Start horumarka

Mashruuca ayaa si ay u abuuraan diyaaradda, taas oo ahayd in lagu badalo Tupolev Tu-144 bilaabay inta lagu jiro xilligii Soviet, in hore 70-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Marka la dhigaayo diyaarad cusub, samaynta loo isticmaalo design ee ay ka horreeyay, "Concord", iyo sidoo kale qalab ahaa ee asxaabteena loo American ka qayb qaatay shaqada. All horumarka la fuliyaa hoos jihada of Alekseya Andreevicha Tupoleva.

In 1973, diyaarad la saadaaliyey la odhan jiray Tu-244.

ujeedooyinka mashruuca

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee mashruuca oo intaasu waxay ahayd in la abuuro diyaaradaha si dhab ah tartan supersonic gaadiidka rakaabka marka la barbar dhigo dayuuradood jet subsonic. Ku dhawaad Faa'iidada kaliya ee hore u sarreeyey dambaysta ahaa faa'iido ah ee xawaaraha. In inteeda kale oo ka mid ah dayuuradood supersonic badiyay tartanka ay gaabis ah. gaadiidka rakaabka iyaga kaliya ma bixiso dhaqaale. Ka sokow duulimaad ay ahaayeen ka khatar badan tahay oo kaliya diyaarad la engine jet ah. factor ee la soo dhaafay, kadis ah, waxay ahayd sababta rasmiga ah ee howlgalka la joojiyay Tu-144 kaliya dhawr bilood ee ugu horeeya supersonic ka dib markii ay ku bilaabatay.

Sidaas darteed, waa in ay xal u aragto dhibaatooyinkan, oo la gaarsiiyey horumarinta ah ee Tu 244. diyaarad waa in uu isku halayn karo, dhakhso ah, laakiin waqti isku mid ah, ay hawlgal si ay u fuliyaan rakaab lahaa in ay kharash-ool ah.

astaamaha farsamo

model ugu dambeeya ee Tu ah - 244, ansixiyay in design waxay ahayd in la qabto ka dib farsamada iyo sifooyinka hawl.

markabka The of diyaarad ka kooban saddex qof. awoodda gudaha la qaatay at heerka of 300 rakaab ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in nuqulka ugu dambeeya ee mashruuca waxay lahayd ilaa xanaaqeen 254 oo qof, laakiin ay dhacdo in kasta oo ay ahayd inta ka badan in ka mid ah-Tu 154, jaan wadar ahaan 150 oo rakaab ah.

xawaaraha ka saaciday inay qorsheeyay ahaa 2,175 kun. Km / h, oo waa ka weyn yahay labo jeer xawaaraha codka. Wixii la barbardhigo, isla tilmaame on the-Tu 144 wuxuu u dhigmaa 2,300 kun km / h iyo "Concord" - .. 2,125 kun km / h. Taasi waa diyaarad qorsheeyay in ay sameeyaan wax yar oo gaabis ah ka badan ururka ka horeeyey, laakiin ay sabab u tahay taas, si weyn u kordhiso awoodda, oo ahayd in ay bixiyaan lacagta dhaqaale ka soo gaadiidka rakaabka. Dhaqdhaqaaqa bixiyo afar engine turbofan. Range of duulimaadka diyaarad cusub ay aheyd inuu noqdo 7500-9200 km. awoodda Load - 300 tons.

Diyaaradeed waa in ay leeyihiin dherer ah 88 m, height ah 15 m, howlgal garabka waxa uu ahaa 45 m iyo degaanka dusha ku ool ah - 965 m ^2.

Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya dibadda diyaarad cusub ka-Tu 144 waxaa la filayey inay isbedel dhismaha sanka.

horumarinta Continued

mashruuca dhismaha diyaarad a supersonic jiilka labaad ee-Tu 244 qaaday jeer halkii muddada dheer iyo dhowr ayaa isbedelo la taaban karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa ka dib burburkii Tupolev Soofiyeeti ma aysan joogsan horumarinta jihada this. Tusaale ahaan, mar hore 1993, ee show hawada macluumaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan horumarinta ayaa la siiyey in France. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka ee 90 sano laakiin aan saameyn ku yeelan kartaa qaddar ee mashruuca. Dhab ahaantii, uu qaddar sudhay hawada, inkastoo shaqo design sii, iyo wararka rasmiga ah ee ay la xiro ma ahaa. Waxaa la waqtigan, mashruuca bilaabeen in ay si firfircoon ugu biiraan khubaro Maraykan ah, inkasta oo xiriir iyaga la lagu qabtay wakhtigii USSR.

In la sii wado cilmi on rakaabka diyaarad ka supersonic jiilka labaad ee 1993, laba Tu-144 ayaa diinta hoos shaybaarka duulaya.

Xir ama talaagada?

Against asalka horumarka ka socda oo sheegtay in in 2025 ay diyaarad tu-244 iman doonaa hawlgalka Duulista xaddiga 100 unugyada, aad u la yaab ahayd la'aanta ah ee mashruuca barnaamijka dawladda ee horumarka ah ee duulimaadyada ee sano ee 2013-2025., Taasoo la ansixiyay 2012-kii . Waa inaan sheegaa in barnaamijka u baahnaydeen tiro ka mid ah horumar kale oo muhiim ah, kaas oo ilaa wakhtigaas ayaa loo arkaa rajo in industry diyaaradda, tusaale ahaan, a jet ganacsiga supersonic Tu-444.

Dhab ahaantii Tani waxay ka odhan kari waayeen in mashruuca Tu-244 si joogta ah loo xidhay ama la xayiray aan xad lahayn. Xaalada danbe, in la sii daayo oo ka mid ah diyaaradaha supersonic waa kaliya wax badan ka dib, 2025 waa suurto gal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma sharraxaad rasmi ah oo ku saabsan arrintan aan la siin, in ka tago arrin beer ballaaran tafsiiro kala duwan.

rajada

Marka la eego kor ku xusan oo dhan, waxaa lagu sheegi karaa in mashruuca Tu-244 hadda waa ugu yaraan in la sabayn hawada, iyo waxa laga yaabaa xitaa in la xiray. Ku dhawaaqidda ayaa si rasmi ah oo ku saabsan masiirka mashruuca ayaa weli ma dhacday. Mana ka hadlay sababaha uu ganaax ku maqan ama si joogto ah loo xidhay. In kasta oo waxa la malaysan karo in ay noqon kartaa la'aan ah hantida dadweynaha si ay u maal horumarkaa, ee khasaaraha dhaqaale ee mashruuca, ama arrin ah in uu yaabaa fudud damiir huriye in 30 sano, oo haatan ku saabsan yahay ajendaha yihiin ujeedooyinka mudada dheer ka badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa suurtagal ah in ay saamayn dhan saddex arrimood isku mar.

In 2014, warbaahinta laga dhigay fikrado ku saabsan dib mashruuca, laakiin ilaa hadda iyagu ma helay xaqiijin rasmi ah, sida, runtii, iyo gabaynayo.

Waa in la ogaadaa in horumarinta dibada ee diyaaradaha rakaabka supersonic jiilka labaad oo aan weli soo gaadhay line dhamaysto, iyo hirgelinta badan oo iyaga ka mid ah oo hoos su'aasha weyn.

Isla mar ahaantaana, halka ma jiraan wax rasmi ah statements by dadka idman waa in aan si buuxda la siiyo ilaa on mashruuca oo ka mid ah-Tu 244.