Tu-143: taariikhda abuurka. Description of dhismaha

Baahida loo qabo sirdoonka dambeeya khadadka cadowga ee bartamihii konton konton-, inta lagu guda jiro bilowga hor imaad u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti ee meel adag dunida, ayaa aqoonsaday muhiimadda ay leedahay in diyaaradaha aan la saarnayn. Haddaba u gaar ah qalabka la duuliyo waa in adeeg la dalal badan oo dunida iyo tirada ay koraya. Laakiin dadka yar ogahay in ku dhashay ee diyaaradaha "smart", kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo ilaa hadda, wuxuu ahaa Midowga Soofiyeeti, abuurista baabuurta sahan u fiican sida tu-123 ee, tu-143, tu-141.

Sida ay kulligood waxay bilaabeen?

isticmaalka heer hoose ah baabuurta la saarnayn ee foomka of buufinta si ay u bixiyaan ciidamada Austria in Venice hareereeyey bambooyin ayaa waxaa ku taariikhaysan 1849 sano. qarnigii Half a, Nikola Tesla loo jaangooyey loona hirgeliyey ku dhaqanka, doon radio ay gacanta ku ah. Oo 1910 injineer ciidamada Maraykanka Charles Kettering la dhisay iyo tijaabiyey dhowr dhacdo oo diyaaradaha aan qofna wadin (UAVs), laakiin codsiga wax ku ool ah ay lagama helin.

soddon jirka ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay by horumarinta karo technology is-maamula ee UK. Mawqifkaa waxaa la alifay this, ee naqshadeeye Midowga Soviet Nikitin abuuray toorbiidyo-dayuurad yar iyo xitaa loogu talagalay toorbiidyo la kala duwan oo 100 km, laakiin weli on warqad. In 1940, saynisyahano Jarmal ayaa soo saartay gantaal safar, marka hore loo adeegsaday dagaalka, iyo engine jet ah.

Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay tartanka hubka oo duurka ku ah saarnayn u dhexeeya dalalka Heshiiska ku Warsaw iyo NATO, ay sabab u tahay taas oo weli waxaa loo isticmaali UAVs, oo ay ku jiraan "Flight" tu-143.

UAV horreeyay "Flight"

In 1956, dalalka ururka ku Warsaw Heshiiska ciidamada huwantu galeen Hungary si loo xakameeyo fikrado anti-communist. Isla muddadaas Tupolev abuuray tababarka "K", oo shaqadoodu tahay si ay u horumariyaan waxyaabaha "C". Sannad ka dib, Golaha Wasiirada ee USSR ku duulista arrimaha telegraam gaaray tilmaamay inay tahay "Confidential" on diyaar u ah horyaalka waxyaalaha imtixaanka "C" ee quarter afraad ee 1958.

Under UAV qarsoon wax soo saarka abuurka sir ah. horumarinta fikradda iska lahaa AN Tupolev. wax soo saarka Secret waa monoplane bir leh qaab garabka xaaqan ah. Soon mashruuca diyaar shoog nidaamka saarnayn awood u fogaan ah 10 kun. Km ah la gaarsiiyo hub nuclear, laakiin lama fulin amarka of NS ah Khrushchev.

hay'adaha sirdoonka is-hoggaamiso "Hawk" tu-123, kaas oo noqday horreeyay oo ka mid ah-tu 143, ka dhigay duulimaadkeedii ugu horeeyay ee 1961. Si ka duwan diyaaradaha weerarka, waa in qeyb ka horraysa ee qaab dhismeedka ku lahaa hay'adaha sirdoonka, halkii warhead a nuclear.

Qaladaadkeyga "Hawk" iyo amarka "Reis"

khasaaro A marka hore lagu tilmaamay inay ku imtixaanada tu-123 kulaylka steel fotolyuki xasaasi ah taasoo at xawaaraha diyaaradaha ee 2700 km / h waxaa lagu daboolayaa dildilaaca. Dhibaatadaan, injineerada Soviet go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan iibka ah ee ciid quartz reer Brazil ee ku andacoonaya of adeegsigeeda qalab caafimaad. Waa ka wax this cayriin helay galaas kulaylka u adkaysta, markaas ayaa images oo tayo sare leh.

Faa'iida labaadna wuxuu ahaa design ah xasilooneyn ee "Hawk", taas oo hawlgal la hayo qol qalab oo keliya, inta kale ee UAV waxay ahaayeen tuuro. Madaxda dalka ayaa la fahamsan yahay baahida loo qabo horumarinta sirdoonka adag saarnayn a badbaadiyay. Markii dambe waxa uu ahaa magac ah "Flight" tu-143. Taariikhda UAV bilaabmin la galo ciidamada huwanta galay Czechoslovakia iyo qoraal oo ka mid ah madaxda Midowga Soofiyeeti Tupolev shaqo cusub oo ku saabsan building badbaadiyay UAV sahan ah.

Abuurista "Reis"

Shaqeeyaan hirgelinta iibsiga cusub berrinkii UAVs si deg deg ah soo maray. Laba sano ka dib, "Flight" ayaa hore u sameeyey duulimaadkeedii ugu horeeyay. Ka dib markii 4 sano ee imtixaanada iyo horumar, 1976, qaatay go'an of qaatay ciidankii Soviet. maamulka ku oolka ah ee sirdoonka taatikada - sida lagu gartaa in ciidamada tu-143. Production of prototypes in qadarka 10 xabbadood ayaa la iibiyo Bashkiria 1973. Wax yar ka bilaabay saarka serial dhismaha cusub. Waayo, 10 sano (ilaa 1980) soo saaray wadar ahaan 950 oo gogo '.

Release of adag la ogaaday in laba nooc: marka hore ka - qalabka sawiro, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - la telefishanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, UAV la qalabaysan hab ogaanshaha shucaaca. In 1985, iyadoo ay ku saleysan injineerada "Reis" Tupolev ku abuuray bartilmaameed u ah in si guul gudbin imtixaanada gobolka.

difaaca hawada uguma aysan - habkaani of the-tu 143. Hubeysan 6 dalalka ahaa "Flight": USSR ah, Ciraaq, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Suuriya, Romania. Haddaba wuxuu joogay ee Ukraine iyo Russia.

aayahooda

Inta lagu guda jiro adag soo ilaalayn diyaarad taatiko soo saaray sawiro anteenada ee xafidaada xogta on filimka sawir. Waayo, hawlaha hawl loo isticmaalo qalabka TV Tu-143. Labada nooc ka mid ah hawlaha sirdoonka ayaa la fuliyaa inta lagu jiro maalinnimada. Masaafada in go'aan ka qoto dheer ee wax lays of UAV ee gadaal cadowga ee, lagu gartaa tilmaamayaasha ee 60-70 km ah.

The "duulimaadka" ee dhismaha:

• Laga bilaabo a self-Koontarool Balcad ee xawaaraha dabaysha aan ka badnayn 15 m a / s.
• Howlgalka Control iyadoo la kaashanayo iswada on-guddiga nidaam (Absu).
• la barnaamijkii karaa Waddooyinkiisa duulimaadka.
• Ururinta iyo kaydinta sirdoonka iyadoo la kaashanayo qalabka sawiro iyo telefishanka.
• Suurtagalnimada ee go'aaminta deegaanka shucaaca.
• Bixinta xogta at hal dhibic ka siiyey oo loo marayo channel radio u posts dhulka amray.

Tu-143: description dhismaha

UAV "Flight" ayaa radiozametnosti sifooyin u gaar ah. Lt Kulikov, mid ka mid ah samaynta ugu muhiimsan ee la soo jeediyey in la sameeyo difaac gaar ah. Kiel, talooyin garabka, weelka baarashuud ah, sanka of diyaarad ka samaysan yihiin qalab aan macdan ah. Waxaa suurto gal ah si ay u gaaraan adag sirdoonka Villa uguma.

Qaab ahaan, sooctey qalab ka kooban yahay afar dhigan karo: qaansada, qalabka saarnaa, taangiga shidaalka ah, nacelle engine weel baarashuud ah. In qayb foodda qalab adag oo ku yaalla sahan ah. qol ayaa laga sameeyey oo Maro adag oo uu ogol yahay fotolyuka.

dalalkan oo UAV bishkleetiga sabab marsho degtey. taageero Front been qol labaad, iyo labada kale waa ka darfaha garabka laga heli karaa. Jejebiyey iyo beero parachutes loogu talagalay Esplanaden siman oo toosan xawaaraha degtey.

dhiig-miirashada

adag oo sahan loo isticmaalaa in Afghanistan iyo dagaalka sokeeye ee Lubnaan. Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti tiro badan oo ah UAVs baaqi ku ahaato xuduuda ee Ukraine.

Sannadkii 2001 waxa uu ahaa kiiskan naxdinta isticmaalaya TR-143 ujeedooyin tababarka bartilmaameed ah. Diyaaradahan tu-154 burburtay iyadoo, oo ay ku dhinteen 80 qof. Sababta ahaa gantaal hit ula kac ahayn loogu talagalay UAV "Flight."

Eeg Tu-143 (xaaladaha), sida a soo bandhigaa raagayaan suurto gal ah in goobaha sida:

• Museum Aviation The ee Kiev.
• Museum of qalab ciidan iyo hub Spadshchansky Forest.
• In magaalada Khmelnitsky.
• Prague Aviation Museum.
• Museum. Sakharov.
• Airport Dhexe ee Moscow.
• Museum of Ciidamada Cirka ee Monino.

Tu-143: DAWEEEYO

• Miisaanka - 1230 kg.
• Length - 8,06 m.
• Dhererka - 1.545 m.
• Wing taako - 2.24 m.
• Aagga Wing - 2.9 m ^2.
• sare Ugu Yar - 10 mitir.
• waqtiga duulimaadka - 13 daqiiqo.
• Nooca Engine - TRD TR3-117.
• si qoto dheer ee ficilka - 95 km.
• xawaaraha ugu badan - 950 km / h.