Thyristors - waxa uu yahay waxan? Mabda'a hawlgalka iyo sifooyinka of thyristors

Thyristors - a shido electronic awoodda gacanta ku dhameystirneyn. Inta badan, buugaag farsamo, waxaad ka arki kartaa magac kale qalab this - thyristor-hal ujeeddo. In si kale loo dhigo, sarkhaansan signal gacanta ku ah, waxaa lagu wareejiyay mid ka mid ah gobolka - qabashada. Haddii si gaar ah, waxaa ka mid ah silsilad. In la demiyo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la abuuro xaalado gaar ah in ay bixiyaan da'a hadda si toos ah soo wareegi jiray si eber.

Features thyristors

furayaasha Thyristor sameeyo koronto oo kaliya dhinaca weerarka, iyo waxa ku jira booska xiran adkeysan karaan si toos ah ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin danab dambe. Dhismaha thyristor afar-lakabka, waxaa jira saddex gunaanad:

1. anode The (muujinaysaa by warqadda A).
2. cathode The (warqad C ama K).
3. koronto iridda (U ama G).

In thyristors leeyihiin qoyska oo dhan sifooyinka hadda-danab, waxay waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay u xukumaan gobolka element ah. Thyristors - a furaha elektaroonik ah aad u awood badan, ay awoodaan si ay u fuliyaan wareeggeedii bedesheen, danab a gaadho 5000 volts iyo amperage yihiin - 5000 amperes (inta jeer ee kama weyna 1000 Hz).

thyristors Work in DC

thyristor Normal waxaa firfircoonaan by qeybinayay garaaca wadnaha a hadda terminal gacanta. Waxaa intaa dheer, waa in ay noqon fiican (marka la eego cathode ah). Muddada nooca load transient ku tiirsan (yeelista, firfircoon), ee Ilodanimada inayan iyo heerka of kaca ah garaaca wadnaha ee hadda soo wareegi jiray gacanta, heerkulka crystal Semiconductor iyo danab ku codsatay iyo circuit hadda thyristors heli karo. Astaamaha circuit waa si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay nooca element Semiconductor ah.

In circuit in, kuna waari dhexdeeda thyristor yahay, la aqbali karin heerka dhacdo sare ee u kaca danab. Magac ahaan, qiimaha noocan oo kale ah ee element Beddelashada ee lama filaan ah (xitaa haddii signal soo wareegi jiray gacanta ku jirin). Laakiin waqti isku mid ah in signal gacanta ku waa in uu noqdaa mid aad u sarreeya dhaadhaca.

siyaabo off

Laba nooc oo bedesheen thyristors waa:

1. Dabiiciga ah.
2. Khasabka ah.

Haddaba si faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan kasta. Dabiiciga baxdo marka thyristor ka shaqeeya soo wareegi jiray AC ah. Oo ma commutation marka hadda uu hoos u dhaco eber. Laakiin si ay u fuliyaan Beddelashada ku qasbay noqon kartaa wax badan oo siyaabo kala duwan. Maxaa gacanta thyristor in ay doortaan sameeysa ah si ay u xalliyaan Bannaanka, laakiin waa in ay ka hadlaan nooc kasta si gooni gooni ah.

Habka ugu caadiga ah waa in lagu xiro capacitor ku qasbay commutation kaas oo lagu eedeeyay in horay adigoo isticmaalaya badhanka ah (muhiim ah). LC-circuit ku jira circuit gacanta thyristor ah. silsilad waxa ku jira capacitor si buuxda u soo oogay. isbedbedelka waddada ka dhacaan circuit load hadda.

commutation Methods qasbay

Waxaa jira dhawr nooc oo ah commutation qasbay. Inta badan loo isticmaalaa circuit, taas oo uu isticmaalaa capacitor Beddelashada isagoo polarity a beddeli ah. Tusaale ahaan, capacitor la demin karaan Bannaanka oo macneheedu yahay thyristor ah kaabayaal ah. Tani waxay keeni doontaa dheecaanku in (ka shaqeeya) thyristor aasaasiga ah. Tani waxay keeni doontaa in kuwa hada ah capacitor faray xagga thyristor ugu weyn ee hadda si toos ah, hoos u dhigi doontaa hadda ka soo wareegi jiray hoos eber. Sidaas awgeed, waxaa jiri doona off thyristor. Tani waxay dhacdaa sabab ah in qalab thyristor uu leeyahay sifooyin u gaar ah in ay yihiin u gaar ah isaga u.

Waxaa kaloo jira mashruuca, taas oo LC-xiran silsilad. Waxay ka baxdo (oo la kala duwanaansho). Bilowga dheecaan hadda dal xagga shaqaalaha, iyo qiimaha ay ka dib markii la qabsiga la bakhtiiyey thyristor. Ka dib markii silsilad ee hadda oscillatory mara thyristor ee diode Semiconductor ah. Sayidka, ilaa iyo inta qulqulka hadda thyristor ah waxaa laga codsadaa danab a. Waxaa modulo loo siman yahay dhibic danab ee guud ahaan diode ah.

thyristors Work in wareeggeedii AC

Haddii thyristor ah waxaa ka mid ahaa in circuit AC ah, la fulin karo hawlgallada sida:

1. In loo sahlo ama gab circuit korontada la firfircoon-resistive ama load resistive.
2. celceliska Change iyo RMS hadda oo maraa load ah, leh awood uu ku xakameeyo signal gacanta ku siin a.

In furayaasha thyristor, waxaa jira mid ka mid feature - waxay qabtaan hadda hal dhinac oo kaliya. Sidaas awgeed, haddii wareeggeedii lagama maarmaanka ah si ay u isticmaalaan talantaalli hadda, lagama maarmaan ah in aad dalbato counter-barbar xidhiidha. qiimaha hadda ah ee hadda iyo celceliska kala duwanaan karaan sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in markii ugu of signal ku thyristors kala duwan. Xaaladdan oo kale, awood thyristor ah waa in ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha ugu yar.

hab xakameyn Wejiga

Marka wajiga control nooca habka la qasbay sixitaanka load Beddelashada ku dhacdaa by beddelo xaglaha dhexeeya weji ah. Beddelashada Artificial la samayn karaa iyadoo qofka la wareeggeedii gaar ah, haddii kale waa in aad isticmaasho si buuxda u maamula (xiri karo) thyristors. On ay ku salaysan, sida caadiga ah ka dhigay thyristor xeedho qalab, kaas oo u ogolaanaya inaad la qabsato ka xoog badan hadda , iyada oo ku xidhan heerka la'aan batteriga.

control width garaaca wadnaha meyxaanahaa

Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan isbedbeddelka PWM. Inta lagu guda jiro furitaanka signal gacanta ku bixisey in thyristors ah. -Guur furan yihiin, iyo waxa uu leeyahay danab load a. Inta lagu guda jiro ku dhow (inta lagu guda jiro geeddi-socodka kala-guurka oo dhan) waxaa la quudiyey signal gacanta ku ah, halkan ka thyristors ma qaban hadda. In fulinta gacanta wajiga qalooca hadda ma aha sinusoidal, isbedel qaab signal danab. Sidaas awgeed, waxaa sidoo kale carqaladeeyo macaamiisha kuwaas oo u nugul yihiin rabshooyin hirka sare (incompatibility muuqataa). design fudud ayaa jaangooyaha thyristor ah, taas oo u oggolaan dhibaato ah ma in la beddelo qiimaha la doonayo. Oo waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in aad dalbato weyn Latro ma aha.

thyristors xiri karo

Thyristors - taasi waa daaro aad u awood badan oo elektaroonik ah loo isticmaalo bedesheen voltages sare iyo hadda. Laakiin waxaa ay leeyihiin hal cillad weyn - control dhamaystirnayn. Oo haddii si gaar ah, waxa ay u muuqataa in ay u dami thyristor waa lagama maarmaan in la abuuro shuruudo ka yar taas oo hadda si toos ah waa la dhimi doonaa si eber.

Waa habkaani soo rogay qaar ka mid ah xayiraad on isticmaalka thyristors, iyo murug Bannaanka ku salaysan iyaga on. Si aad uga takhalusi cillado sida, design gaar ah oo ka mid ah thyristors, kuwaas oo qufulan signal ka mid ah gacanta ku koronto la soo saaray. Waxaa loo yaqaan dvuhoperatsionnymi, ama qufulan, thyristors.

Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah thyristor jeedin-off

Qaab dhismeedka afar lakab ee p-n-p-n ka thyristor uu leeyahay sifooyin u gaar ah. Waxay ku siin iyaga ka thyristors caadiga ah ka duwan. Waxaa hadda la geeyo element buuxda ee gacanta. The hadda-danab sifo (guurto ah) ee dhinaca weerarka waa isku mid sida in ka mid ah thyristors caadiga ah. Halkan waxa ah thyristor hadda si toos ah u gudbin kartaa ilaa hadda dheeraad ah by qiimaha. Laakiin xanibeen function sare danab dambe ee thyristors qufulan lama siineyo. Sidaa darteed, waa in la xiran ee anti-barbar diode Semiconductor ah.

Muuqaalka caan ku thyristor iridda jeesan-off ah - dhibic oo muhiim ah voltages weeraryahanka. In si ay u jari, xereynta waa in wax soo saarka si ay gacanta ugu a garaaca wadnaha hadda awood badan (negative, in cabirku yahay 1: 5 in a qiimaha hadda si toos ah). Laakiin keliya width garaaca wadnaha waa in ay ahaataa sida yar ee suurtogalka ah - 10 ... 100 Ms. thyristors xiri karo qiimo ka hooseeya xadka of danab iyo hadda badan sida caadiga ah. Farqiga u ku saabsan yahay 25-30%.

noocyada thyristors

Kor ayaa loo arkaa la xiri karo, laakiin weli waxaa jira noocyo badan oo thyristors Semiconductor, kaas oo sidoo kale xusid mudan. In dhismaha ugu kala duwan (saxan, daaro, xakameeya awood) isticmaalaan noocyo ka mid ah thyristors. Meel looga baahan yahay inay gacanta ku sameeya qeybinayay ka daadanayo iftiin, ka dibna, loo isticmaalo optotiristors. Its feature waa in crystal Semiconductor loo isticmaalo soo wareegi jiray gacanta, taas oo xasaasi ah oo ay iftiinka. Beegyada uu thyristors way kala duwan yihiin, dhammaan sifooyinka in ay yihiin iyaga gaar u ah. Sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah ugu yaraan in fikradda guud ee noocyada semiconductors, waxaa jira iyo meesha ay loo isticmaali karaa. Sidaas, halkan liiska oo dhan iyo sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee nooc kasta oo:

1. Diode-thyristor. Oo u dhiganta in element this - thyristor ku xiran yahay in diode Semiconductor anti-isku midka ah.
2. diode Shockley (thyristor diode). Wuxuu u tegi kartaa galaan xaalad ah tabinta buuxa, haddii ay ka badan heer danab qaarkood.
3. Triac (thyristor sym). U dhigma - laba thyristors ku jira anti-isku midka ah.
4. inverter Thyristor duwan si degdeg ah xawaaraha Beddelashada sare (5 ... 50 Ms).
5. Thyristors xakameeyo FET. inta badan waxaad ka heli kartaa dhismaha ku salaysan transistors bilood.
6. thyristors indhaha, kaas oo ay gacanta ku socodka iftiinka.

hirgelinta element ammaanka

Thyristors - waa qalab kuwa muhiim u ah heerka of kaca ee danab hadda iyo weeraryahanka weerarka. Dadkaas iyaga ah, sida dioska- Semiconductor ah, lagu gartaa ifafaale ah ee socodka dib u soo kabashada dambe hadda, taas oo si dhakhso ah oo si xad dhaaf ah ku dhacaa, in eber, isagoo intaa ku daray in this suurtagalnimada of-kaca ah. overvoltage Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in si degdeg ah istaago hadda ku sugan dhamaan qaybaha Bannaanka, kaas oo ay leeyihiin inductance (xitaa sifo aalladda inductance hooseeyo shirka - fiilooyin ah, kaarka track). Si loo fuliyo ilaalinta loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo nidaamyada kala duwan si ay u oggolaadaan hababka firfircoon difaaco voltages sare iyo hadda.

Sida caadiga ah, impedance u yeelista of il danab, kaas oo ka mid ah hawlgalka circuit thyristor ah, ayaa qiimaha a sida in ay tahay in ka badan ku filan si loo hubiyo in wax dheeraad ah waxaa ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah inductance circuit oo dheeraad ah. Sababtan awgeed, ku dhaqanka inta badan la isticmaali formation silsilad wareegaya waddo taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysaa heerka iyo heerka ay bateen soo wareegi jiray marka thyristor uu dansan yahay. Capacitive-Resistive silsilad inta badan loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin kuwan. Waxaa ka mid ah thyristor ah ee isku midka ah. Waxaa jira xad ah noocyada yar oo beddelka circuit of wareeggeedii sida, iyo sidoo kale farsamooyin ay xisaabinta, oo xuduudaheedu hawlgalka ee thyristors ee hababka iyo xaaladaha kala duwan. Laakiinse waddada formation silsiladda bedesheen thyristor jeedin-off waa isku mid sida in of transistors ah.