Technopark - dhaqdhaqaaq ... Taariikhda technopark

Taariikhda beeraha warshadaha ayaa bilaabay in ay konton konton ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Waxay ahayd waqti this, Jaamacadda Stanford, oo ku yaalla gobolka California (USA), waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay is dhiibaan banaan iyo dalkii aan la isticmaalin in la kiraysto. Heshiiska ayaa la soo gabagabeeyay iyadoo ururada kala duwan. Waxay ahaayeen labada shirkadaha waa weyn iyo shirkado yaryar oo ku hawlan ganacsiga teknoolojiyad sare.

Dhammaan oo ka mid ah ururada waqtiga heshiishyada dawladda. wax soo saarka yar yar ee ay xiriir toos ah la leeyihiin jaamacadda. Tani waxa ay ka faa'iideysteen, iyo mid ama dhanka kale. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la aasaasay bulshada in xoogaa ka dib noqday yaqaan Silicon Valley.

fulinta dheeraad ah oo mashruuca

In si ay u si buuxda u dhiso dhulka bannaan iyo Debug kaabayaasha lagama maarmaanka ah, waxa ay qaaday ku dhawaad soddon sannadood. Waxa uu ahaa aasaaska koowaad ee Technopark. Silicon Valley uu noqday yaqaan oo dunida ku ay sabab u tahay guulaha ay warshado-teknoolojiyad sare. Gaar ahaan halkan horumariyo sidii technology computer iyo warbixin.

Shirkadaha yar yar, oo ay ku jiraan in ay shaqaalaha laba ama saddex shaqaale ah, si degdeg ah u koray, inuu noqdo shirkad la mid ma kun oo shaqaale ah. In 1981, in ka badan siddeetan shirkadaha ka shaqeeya dhulka, meesha this park warshadaha. Tani waa kooxda sida Polaroid iyo Hewlett-Packard, shirkadda aerospace "Lockheed" iyo madaxda kale ee warshadaha.

Iyadoo 80-mada ee beeraha warshadaha US bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan in tiro badan. Waxay ka qayb qaataan horumarinta kuwa gobollada oo way qarsoomeen by shaqo la'aanta iyo hoos u dhac dhaqaale. Oo maanta oo dalka Mareykanka ah ayaa tirada ugu badan ee goobaha warshadaha iyo sayniska. In tirada, waxay warsan mid saddexaad ee adduunka ee.

ah ee beeraha technology Yurub

fikrad Great degay Badda ee 70s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this marka Scottish ah University of Edinburgh Xarunta Cilmi asalkiisu ka soo jeedo. ururada la midka ah bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan ee Cambridge ee Trinity College, in Belgium ee Louvain-la-Neuve iyo wixii la mid ah. dhaqdhaqaaqa D. Tehnoparkovyh ee Europe ayaa waxaa si wayn u xoojinaya sabab u ah dhibaatada ka jirta 80 sano. Waxaa markaas ahaa, si ay u caawiyaan xarumaha naxaysaan dhuxusha iyo warshadaha dharka, Margaret Thatcher ayaa amar ku abuurista UK shabakad ka kooban goobaha warshadaha ee jaamacadaha jira. fikrad Tani waxa ay bixisay. Markaasaa maanta ee England si guul ah u shaqeeya oo ku saabsan konton technoparks. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Yurub. In dhulkeeda ka mid ah qaababka sida ku saabsan 260.

beeraha technology Yurub, oo ay ku jiraan laba kun iyo xarumaha abuurnimo kala duwan, loo isticmaalaa in ay waayo-aragnimo horumarinta dibada. Tani waxay u ogolaaday inay maraan waddo gaaban of formation. "Kobcinta Ganacsiga" waqti gaaban noqday aad loo jecel yahay. adeegyada ay isticmaalaan shirkadaha yaryar iyo shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay, iyo sidoo kale ururka ee ka howgala dadweynaha. Waa maxay doorka waxaa ciyaaray by park warshadaha? Waxa uu ahaa xidhiidh ka dhexeeya warshadaha iyo beerta cilmi.

dhaqdhaqaaqa Technopark ee Shiinaha

waayo-aragnimo American in la abuuro goobaha warshadaha gaar ah ayaa la wareegay Shiinaha. In beerta this, dalka uu guulo cajiib ah soo jiidatay dareenka bulshada dunida. horumarinta dardargalinta ah warshadaha farsmada heerka sare ah ee Shiinaha waxaa suurto by qaybgalka firfircoon ee gobolka.

Horeba hore 1986 dowladda ansixiyay barnaamijka horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada. Dhexdeeda, kuwa qaybaha mudnaanta loo aqoonsaday, taas oo ka mid ah waa in park warshadaha. Space Center, sayniska kombiyuutarka iyo qalabka korontada, bayotechnoolajiyadda iyo injineernimada hidde, isgaarsiinta fibre optic, iyo farsamooyinka tamarta lagu badbaadinayo mashruuca lahaa in la geeyaa goobta this. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la qorsheeyey in aagga warshadaha iyo cilmi-baarista ka mid noqon doona wax soo saarka ee samaynta qalabka caafimaadka.

dowladda Help

Laba sano ka dib ayuu bilaabay barnaamij lagu magacaabo "Shuclada", taas oo ahayd tallaabada xigta ee mashruuca, sida uu sheegay oo ahayd in la dhiso park warshadaha. Waxa ay aheyd go'aan kale oo dawladda, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in ay ganacsi iyo warshadaynta horumarka ay horey u gaaray in la abuuro of teknoolajiyada sayniska-degdeg ah. Barnaamijka The "Shuclada" ay ku lug lahaayeen awoodda wax soo saarka, kharashka oo dhaafto $ 25 billion.

In fulinta mashruucan, zone technopark sida, kuwaas oo lagu daro horumarka tiknolojiyada cusub, iyo kor u qaadida wax soo saarka iyaga u gaar ah ee suuqyada guriga iyo dhoofinta, ayaa door weyn ee soo jiidashada maal-gashiga shisheeye iyo horumarka heerka sare ah ayaa lagu abuuray.

Shiinaha ee park warshadaha marka hore - waa aag Beijing tijaabo ah, oo ku yaalla gobolka Haydan. Tan iyo markii la furay, lagu qabtay sanadkii 1988, dalka waxa uu abuuray 120 unug sida. Xaaladdan oo kale, boqolkiiba konton iyaga ka mid ah waxaa ka shaqeeya fulinta amarada dowlada.

Xukuumadda Shiinaha ayaa caawimo wayn ee abuurka beeraha technology. Oo iyana waxay muujiyeen ma aha oo kaliya in tiro badan oo ah maal-dhaqaale. Heerka xukuumadda ayaa la aasaasay iyo xaaladaha ganacsi wanaagsan ee goobahaas. hoos Tani ama ka dhaafidda bixinta gargaarka canshuurta dakhliga ee maamulka dhismaha caasimadda iyo sidoo kale suurogal ah in ay waajib-free soo galo qalabka keeno.

World Movement of technopark

In ku tiris ah oo qarnigii la soo dhaafay fikradda ah abuurista goobaha sayniska iyo warshadaha u kordhaysa. beeraha warshadaha ayaa waxaa la aasaasay ma aha oo kaliya in dalalka dhaqaale horumaray. Waxa ay dhismaha bilaabay ee Australia iyo Singapore, India, Malaysia, Brazil iyo Kanada, iyo sidoo kale ee waddamada kale ee badan.

Bilow ee dhismaha technoparks ee Russia

abuurka ah ee goobaha warshadaha iyo sayniska ee dalkeenna ku hawlan ee 80s-90s. Waxay ahayd waqti adag, marka ka dib markii xiisadda gobolka ayaa joogsatay si ay u maal warshadaha iyo codsatay cilmiga. Mid ka mid ah suurtogalnimada in ay sii Macalimiin aqoon jiray fikradda aasaasidda zone ah, oo waa in lagu rakibaa Technopark. Xarunta Raas in Tomsk, Ruush Wasaaradda Tacliinta Sare, Guddiga Gobolka on Waxbarashada, iyo sidoo kale shirkadaha waaweyn ayaa noqday aasaasayaasha koowaad ee qaababka kuwan. Tani park warshadaha waa hantida dadweynaha.

Later dhacay dib u habaynta. Technopark noqday JSC. Isla mar ahaantaana saamiga lahaanshaha dawladda hoos u dhacday 3% ee qasnadda idman.

The muddo post-Soviet

technoparks Ruush Young soo maray dhibaatooyin weyn. Waxay saameeyo la'aanta ah ee waayo-aragnimo ah ee maamulka xaaladaha dhaqaale is beddelay. Inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo sano goobaha warshadaha iyo sayniska aan awood uma yeelan in ay sameeyaan horumar degdeg ah a abuurka tiknolojiyada cusub. Waxaa jiray waqti marka hore ee hawl ganacsi kasta oo uu ahaa si ay u noolaadaan hoose. Technoparks in Xaaladahan oo kale ayaa la tixgeliyaa sida hay'adaha ay awoodaan in ay helaan taageero dawladda.

waxaa jiray barnaamij ee Wasaaradda Dhaqaalaha "beeraha Technology of Russia" sanadkii 1990. Waxaa loogu tala galay muddo shan sano ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maalgelinta barnaamijkan looma oggola in ay iibsadaan hantida iyo in uu abaabulo oo dhan kaabayaasha lagama maarmaanka ah. Lacagta loo qoondeeyey, jaamacadaha qaar ka mid ah ayaa soo saartay dhaqdhaqaaqa ganacsiga, taas oo ka fog sayniska ahaa.

gobolka shaqo dheeraad ah

"Technopark" Ururka waxaa la aasaasay gelin sannadahaas. Ka hor inta iyada hawsha ahayd inaad wax ka barato iyo la qabsashada oo waayo aragnimo ah oo caalami ah in ay xaaladaha Ruush. Intaa waxaa dheer, Association ahaa si ay u qabtaan dacaayad ah Abuuridda iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa of beeraha farsamada, sida link wax ku ool ah ee taageerada iyo horumarinta ganacsiyada yaryar cusub.

In shaqo this, dowladda Ruush ma aha wax oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale caawimaad sharci. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la dareemay in wax dhiirigelin canshuurta isticmaalin park technology ee. Production waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u fuliyaan ku hoos jira xaalad la mid ah in lagu aasaasay dalka oo dhan. Waxaa loo maleeyey in meelaha sida haddii kale si fudud u leexdo xagga badda gudaha meesha hantida waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa.

By barnaamijka bartamihii 90-ee "Technopark" ee Russia ayaa sii waday in ay helaan dardar. Tirada goobaha sida uu ku koray. Abuurkooda dhacay ku salaysan xarumaha cilmi-baarista ka tirsan gobolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah soociddiisa horumarinta ka mid ah kooxahaas. The ugu horumarsan waa parks sayniska ee Tomsk iyo Moscow, St. Petersburg iyo Zelenograd, Chernogolovka iyo Ufa ah.

Technopark in Saransk

Iyada oo ku saleysan waayo-aragnimo caalamiga ah, waxaan dhihi karaa in park warshadaha - waa aag gaar ah dhaqaalaha la warshadaha ah technology sare degdeg ah u koraya. Taasi waa sababta cutubyada sida ku jira gacanta gaarka ah ee dowladda, hawsha soo koraya iyaga ayaa la sameeyey by Madaxweynaha Ruush Federation Vladimir Putin sanadkii 2005 ka dib shan sano ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey horumarinta barnaamijka federaalka si loo horumariyo goobaha warshadaha iyo sayniska Russia ee duurka ku ah teknoolajiyada sare. Si aad u taariikhda, dalkeena ayaa furay laba iyo toban technoparks. Waxaa xusid mudan isagoo sheegay in bishii December 2014 fulinta barnaamijka federaalka la dhameeyo buuxda. Waxaa la filayaa in waxqabadka miisaaniyadda oo dhan beeraha technology noqon doonaa gudahood 55%. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxay sii daynayaa ugu yaraan 12% ee alaabta la dhoofiyo.

mashruuca kale

Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha barnaamijka federaalka ahaa oo adag "Technopark of Mordovia". Its dhismaha waxaa bilaabay ka dib saxiixa amarka by Putin, daabacay 12.09.2008, aagga guud ee qaab dhismeedka ku saabsan tahay 6,000 Xaylemaryam, On dhulkeeda jira shirkado ku yaalla horumarinta software, iyo sidoo kale ururada kuwa, waxqabad ah oo la xidhiidha deegaanka macluumaad iyo abuurista database-ku saleysan teknoolajiyada casriga ah.

By dhamaadka sanadka 2014, ee adag "Technopark of Mordovia" ayaa la bilaabay in marxaladda labaad. Si aad u taariikhda, dhulka oo dhan hawlaha aagga si guul konton hal shirkad deggan, oo bixiya 1634 shaqo. wadarta guud ee dakhliga sanadlaha ah ee Technopark - 1 billion rubles ..

Technopark in Togliatti

soonka ugu weyn ee sayniska iyo warshadaha ee Russia waa Valley Zhiguli ah. park Tani warshadaha, dhisay meel u dhow magaalada Togliatti. degaanka ee aagga of 65,000 sq. m The tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee technopark ah "Zhiguli dooxada." - isgaarsiinta iyo tiknoolajiyadda macluumaadka, keydinta tamarta iyo tamarta, gaadiidka, kiimikada, iyo sidoo kale horumarka berrinkii sahaminta bannaan.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira 22 shirkadood, tirada taas oo mustaqbalka u koraan in ay boqolaal.