Taariikhda Arabia iyo Ciraaq

France waxa ay isku dayaysaa in ay caddayn saamaynta ay ku Cumaan si aad u hesho salka badda ganacsiga iyo ciidamada iridda Gacanka Faaris, caddeeyey qaybta Cumaan ah. khilaafka Anglo-Faransiis ku dhamaaday iyadoo ay heshiis tanaasul ah oo ku saabsan 1862 England iyo France aqoonsan ah "madax-bannaanida" ee Muscat iyo Zanzibar. Sayidka, France heshii la qaybta Cumaan ee; England ayaa qiray on erayadii uu "madax-bannaanida" si ay dhab ahaantii si degdeg ah iyada rabshin. Waayo, ku dhawaad toban sano (1862-1871 GG.) Cumaan qariyeen by kacdoonkii caan ka dhanka ah puppet ee British Sultan Suveyni (1856-1866 GG.). -goosato ah waxay ka taageerayaan wahaabi Najd, oo doonaya in la soo celiyo ay awood hore ee Cumaan. Lid ku ah heshiiska in 1862 England si cad u soo dhexgalay kiiska Cumaan. Waxaa la siiyaa qoryaha iyo Markabka Suveyni si ay ula dagaalamaan dadka, duqeeyay magaalooyinka mucaaradka iyo tuulooyinka, amar ku bixiyay in qabatimi in ay sheiks sii horfadhiyaan. Taliyayaashii British ah Muscat caawiyay dajiyaan kacdoon ah oo caan ah.

In 1861, Britain rogay a Maxmiyadii heshiis Sheikh ee Bahrain Island. heshiis ayaa waxaa lagu jiheeyo Turkey iyo dalka Faaris, kuwaasoo mid walba uu waxaa loo arkaa Bahrain ay hanti. In 1865, inta lagu guda jiro caasinimo ee Cumaan, ee deggan Ingiriisi ee Gacanka galay magaalada wahaabi ee al-Riyadh iyo heshiiska in taliyaha wahaabi aqbaleen in aan caawimaad u fidiso mucaaradka Cumaan helay. In soo laabtay, Britain bixiyo Najd ka go'dayna waxay si joogto ah uga soo Cumaan bixiso. In 50s ee British qabsadeen xeebta koonfureed ee Arabia iyo jasiiradda of curiae Perim jasiiradda-Muriyya. Taariikhda Arabia iyo Ciraaq.

Xoojinaya booska Britain iyo Ciraaq, halkaas oo 60-mada ay shirkadda British aasaasay Lynch navigation webiga Dajla on ay - u dhexeeya Ciraaq iyo Basra. Taa baddalkeeda, Basra ayaa lala xiriirinayay si joogta ah "safar Ingiriisi by badda ee u socda dekedaha Gacanka Faaris iyo Hindiya, iyo ka dib markii furitaanka ee Suez Canal iyo dekedaha ee Europe. Isla muddadaas, British la sameeyey iyada oo line Ciraaq East Indian Telegraph. All qiyaastaas ayaa qeyb ka ah horumarinta ganacsiga British la Ciraaq iyo dalka Faaris (in gaadiidka iyada oo Ciraaq). baayacmushtariyaasha English ka hadhuudh Ciraaq, oo suufkayga, taariikhaha gareeyeen. qulqulaya alaabta British keentay in burbur ee farsamada gacanta ee degaanka.

In 1869, Ciraaq ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha Midhat Pasha, author mustaqbalka ee dastuurka Turkish. Under xukunka Midhat Pasha dulmi Turkish qaatay foom gaar ah oo daran. Midhat qaadi jireen reer guuraaga iyo semi-guuraaga ah qabiilooyinka Carabta iyo cashuurta sare dalbaday in aananu bixin, ayuu hubka qabiil dirqiyeen fellahin iyo Baadiyaha si ay ugu adeegaan adeeg ciidan ciidanka Turkish. Kuwani "tabo cusub" oo wuxuu u yeedhay 1869 kacdoon ballaaran oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka Carabta, taas oo la arxan cadaadis by Midhat. Taariikhda Arabia iyo Ciraaq.