Sida loo helo goobada

line xiran A in kala qaybinaya diyaaradda gelin dhamaadka laba qaybood (gudaha - goobada) oo aan la koobi karayn (line ka baxsan), ay shardi tahay in uu ku gaar ah oo dhowr ah, loo yaqaan goobada. Tusaale ahaan, equidistance loo baahan yahay dhaqan dhibcood been on line this, ka hal dhibic isagoo bartamaha goobada. Waayo, diyaarad lagu qeexay goobada, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka taranta. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• gacan (meel fog ka soo dhibic kasta oo agtiisa jiifjiifa, on, xarunta, R);
• dhexroor (line qaybinaya goobo laba qaybood loo siman yahay, oo maraya labo dhibcood iyo xarunta wareegga goobada, d);
• aagga tiro muujinaya baaxadda goobada, S,
• dhererka line xidhan oo qeexaya goobada (qoondeeyey by warqadda Ḻ).

Sayidka, Ḻ ma aha oo kaliya caan ah taranta of goobada, laakiin line xidhan, si jawaabta su'aasha ah - sida ay u bartaan goobada ah, waa mid ku habboon in labada fikradaha joomatari.

orday, wuxuu meel fog by ah diyaarad wax dibadda xiran qaab wareega qalooca waa loo siman yahay si dhererka line waxaa berkedda. Qiimayntani waxay taranta of goobada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in cabbirka of walxaha jirka, laakiin sidoo kale markii la tixgelinayo qaababka joomateri ee aan la taaban karin. Ereygu waxa uu leeyahay macne khaas ah aqoon joomateri iyo trigonometric. Waxaa loola jeedaa in tiro jirka, taas oo ah dhacdo gaar ah wax sidii wareega sida. In Greek, erayga codadka «περίμετρον» ( «goobo») ama «περιμετρέο» ( «qiyaas agagaarka"). Wareega (tiradaasi diyaarad loogu talagalay qaab kasta) iyo wareega (qaab wareeg ah, waayo qaabka planar ah) Shurako dhererka guud ee muuqaalo soohdinta. kiiska Gaarka ah (soohdintu waxay goobada) leedahay aragti la mid ah sida masaafada ama jidka. Si aad u barato mawduuca "Sida loo xisaabiyo dhererka goobada", waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay dib ugu yeeran unugyada iyo turjumidda.

Sida ay caalamka nidaamka of SI, Jid ka mid ah ama meel fog qiyaasay in mitir. Tani waa qaybta aasaasiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira taagayo. Sidaas awgeed, waa ku haboon kuwa go'aansato in dhibaatooyinka af iyo qoraal ah oo ku saabsan "sida loo heli dhererka goobada oo ka mid ah" keeni xiriirka:

• 1 kilomitir = 1000 mitir = 10000 = 100000 decimeters sentimitir = 1000000 milimitir,
• 1 mayl = 1,609344 kiiloomitir = 1609,344 16093,44 mitir decimeters = = = 160,934.4 sintiimitirka illa milimitir 1.609.344;
• 1 ft = 30,48 sentimitir = 304,8 milimitir decimeters = 3,048 = 0,3048 = 0,0003048 mitir kiiloomitir.

Waxaa jira unugyo badan oo kale ah ee lagu cabbiro: British (ama American), jir Ruush, Greek, Japan iyo kuwa kale. In si ay u qabtaan xisaabaha, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo macluumaadka asalka.

Maxaa yeelay, dhammaan wareegyada lagu gartaa hal kawada siman yihiin, taas oo la aasaasay by saynisyahano of Qarniyadii hore. Saamiga dherer si dhexroorka goobada had iyo jeer waa tiro joogto ah. Muddo dheer saynisyahano la isticmaalayo habab kala duwan (iyo hadda software khaas ah iyo technology computer), ayaa isku dayaya inuu sugga qiimaha dhabta ah ee tiro in. Waxa caadi ahaan lagu muujinaysaa warqad Giriigga «π» (Waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa sida pi). Qiimaha qiyaas waqtiyo kala duwan kala duwanaayeen, laakiin waxaa jiray mar walba wax yar ka badan saddex. π Tirada waa dimensionless. Maanta, saynisyahano ay awoodaan in la dhiso ka dib markii dhibic tobanle toban trillion marks. sax Tani waa lagama maarmaan u ah xisaabta adag. Laakiin xalinta dhibaatooyinka joomateri, halkaas oo loo baahan yahay in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah - sida loo helo goobada ah, sii kordhaysa iyadoo la isticmaalayo tiro this ilaa shan ama laba characters: π ≈ 3,14159 ≈ 3,14.

Waxaa la og yahay in Ḻ / D = π = 3,14 ama Ḻ / 2 R = π = 3,14. Sidaas darteed waa u fududahay in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah - sida loo helo dhererka goobada ee gacan ka mid ah 1 mitir ama 2 decimeter, ama ballaciisu yahay 5 sentimitir. Filan ku badiyey laba jeer gacan ama dhexroor of π tirada. Maxaa yeelay, dhammaan saddex kiis by caanaha Ḻ = π • D = 3,14 • D ama Ḻ = 2 • π • R = 2 • 3,14 • R natiijada helay ka dib markii xisaabinta:

1. Ḻ = 3.14 • 2 • 1 = 6.28 m,
2. Ḻ = 3.14 • 2 • 2 dm = 12,56;
3. Ḻ = 3,14 • 5 = 15.7 cm.

Hawsha ka kooban su'aasha - sida loo helo dhererka goobada ah, haddii la yaqaan, oo ay gacan ama dhexroor, laakiin meesha loo yaqaan goobada, wax yar ka dhib badan, laakiin waxa ay sidoo kale lagu xalin karo. Muddo dheer waxa la og yahay in meel wareeg ah loo siman yahay si wax soo saarka ee π oo laba jibbaaran ee gacan ama dhexroor ka mid afraad oo square ah: S = π • ṟ² ama S = π • D ² / 4.

Xisaabinta gacan koowaad R = √ (S / π) ama dhexroor D = √ (4 • S / π), ka dibna dhererkiisu wuxuu xisaabiyaa circumferential. Waxaad ka arki kartaa tusaale ka yeelay laba kiisaska aagga of goobada waa loo siman yahay si 12,56 m² iyo 78,5 cm²:

1. R = √ (12,56 / 3,14) = 2 m, halka Ḻ = 3.14 • 2 • 2 = 12.56 m ama D = √ (4 • 12,56 / 3,14) = 4 m, markaas Ḻ = 3,14 • 4 = 12.56 m.
2. R = √ (78,5 / 3,14) = 5 cm, ka dibna Ḻ = 3.14 • 5 • 2 = 31.4 cm ama D = √ (4 • 78.5 / 3.14) = 10 cm markaas Ḻ = 3,14 • 10 = 31.4 cm.