Shuruudaha bixinta Incoterms 2010

Shuruudaha bixinta - waa set oo ah sharciyada xukuma sida iyo waqtiga alaabtana waxaa loo dhiibi doonaa dhinac ilaa dhinac sida ay bixin doonto, caymiyaan, oo mas'uul ka ah ammaanka marxalad gaar ah oo gaadiidka iyo kuwa kale.

Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah ganacsiga adduunka lagu tiriyaa ganacsiga caalamiga ah, taas oo baahida loo qabo midnimada ee xeerarka qaadee alaabta ku xiran sharciga qaran. Ujeedada this muddo ku dhow 80 sano, oo uu soo saaray Caalamiga ah ee xeerarka for fasiraadda erayo ganacsiga (Incoterms), kuwaas oo ka kooban shuruudaha aasaasiga ah ee dhalmada.

Waa inaan sheegaa in isticmaalka Incoterms ee dalkeenna waa talo. Laakiin haddii ay jiraan waa inay marjic u tahay xaaladaha asaasiga ah ee ku xusan xeerarka heshiiska, waafaqsanaanta uu noqdo mid khasab ah. Inta kale waa in uu hagaa qaybta afraad ee Xeerka Madaniga ah, kaas oo ku qeexan nidaamka codsiga ah ee qaar ka mid ganacsi (Qodobka 1211).

Currently, ganacsiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ereyada ah Incoterms 2010. xeerarka ku jira qodobada ugu muhiimsan ee kow iyo toban, kuwaas oo ka tarjumaya iyo shuruudaha gudbinta. Qaar ka mid ah aan u shaqayn hal nooc oo gaadiidka, iyo silsilad oo dhan sidayaal. From edition hore (2000) xeerarka kala duwan yihiin in ay ka soo muuqatay Forums DAT iyo DAP, ee ayadu baddashay marka la eego bixinta DAF, DDU, Deeq iyo DES.

Ereyga DAF hoos xeerarka jir ah loogu tala galay in kaydka agabka fuliyay by iibiyaha helana in barta la odhan jiray oo meel at xuduudda (ka hor inta uusan alaabtana in caadooyinka soohdinta reer kooxda dalbadaha). Marka alaabta this ayaa ka gudbay nidaamka caadooyinka for dhoofinta iyo aan weli laga saaray gaariga. Sidaas darteed, wax bixinta weli noqon doonaa mawduuca si nidaamka caadooyinka for keeno.

xeerarka Incoterms (edition 2010) ku jira toddoba nidaamka asaasiga ah ee dhammaan hababka gaadiidka iyo afartii nidaamka gaadiidka biyo mareen gudaha iyo gaadiidka badda. The noocyada ugu horeysay ee xeerarka jira: DPP (alaabta loo dhiibaa bixinta ajuurada), DAP (Delivery at caga), DAT (alaabta loo dhiibaa terminal caadooyinkii), EXW (bixinta ex-shuqullada), FCA (Shipping Free Carrier), iyo sidoo kale CIP iyo CPT, taas oo haddii ay dhacdo ugu horeeyay ee xaaladaha bixinta tilmaamaya in qaadee iyo caymiska la siiyo meel gaar ah, iyo in qaadee labaad bixiyo oo kaliya in ay hal dhibic qaarkood.

Terms of FOB gaarsiinta, sida, FÁS ee CIF iyo CFR soo jeedinaya in shixnadaha ka baxo dekedda iyo soo gaaray dekedda. xeerarka Kuwaasi waxay ka jireen version hore, laakiin version cusub ee la soo bandhigay erayga "Board", taas oo uu bedelay "tareenka" erayga sida dhibic ka mid ah bixinta ee dhammaan kiisaska kale oo aan ahayn FÁS. Shuruudaha bixinta saxda ah ee la soo dhaafay in loo qaato in howlgalka lagu sameeyaa, haddii iibiyaha oofiyey tallaabooyinka caadooyinka loo baahan yahay in loo dhoofiyo, keenay alaabta dekedda heshiis kula heshiiyeen kaalinta garab markabka ee dekedda, geynayey iyo kuwa kale. Nidaamka on dejinta, oo ay ku jiraan bixinta kastamka, halkan iibiyaha ku hawlan.

nidaamka FOB u muuqataa in iibiya ayaa keenay alaabta on board of heshiis markabka, CIF - in iibiyaha samatabbixiyaa alaabta saaran, bixisa xamuulka ah meeshii caga iyo caymiska (sida caadiga ah la cover yar), iyo CFR - in waajibaadka qeybiyaha ka mid ah oo kaliya gudbinta shixnadaha dekedda gaar ah in uu bixiyo xamuulka ah. siiyo si la doortay xaalad kasta, sida dekedda kasta go'aamiso xaaladaha ka yar taas oo u shaqeyn karto maraakiibta kala duwan iyo cargoes.