Sharciga Kirchhoff ee elekrotehnike

In ka xisaabinta of wareeggeedii korontada AC iyo DC ka sokow formula caanka Ohm kaloo codsan sharciga Kirchhoff ee. Ninka, kuwaas oo shaqada la xiriira injineernimada korantada, waa in xataa habeenkii oo aan libiqsanayn in la siiyo sharaxaadooda mid kasta oo ka mid ah laba sharciyada. Inta badan waxaa lagama maarmaan ma aha in ay sameeyaan xisaabinta sida ugu badan ee waxgarashada ee habka.

Back ee 1845, jirka dadka Jarmalka Gustav Kirhgof ku salaysan shuqullada Maxwell ee (daryeel la'aan, iyo sifooyinka duurka ku electrostatic) diyaariyey laba xeerarka la tilmaamayo xiriirka ka dhexeeya danab iyo hadda in Bannaanka u xiran yihiin koronto. Tani waxay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah si ay u xalliyaan ku dhowaad wax dhibaato codsiga la xiriira korontada. sharciga Kirchhoff ayaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo xisaabiyo wareegga toosan korontada, waxaa awood u tahay in la helo nidaamka classical isleegyo in ay tixgeliyaan ka voltages iyo hadda in ay noqdaan aqoon raacdaan hawsha.

Ereyada soo jeedinaya isticmaalka shuruudaha korontada "Guntin circuit iyo laan." Laanta - waa wax Jidka circuit double-madaxyo simanna, oo dhererkiisu ah loo aabo yeelin iyada. Circuit - nidaam laamaha waalneyn, oo la, laga bilaabo dhaqdhaqaaq maskaxda ah mar kasta on laan kasta, in dhamaadka weli galaan meeshii dhaqdhaqaaqa bilaabay. laanta More fahmi loo yaqaan "gaddin", inkastoo tani ma aha oo gebi ahaanba sax ah. Noode - dhibic ah oo laba ama ka badan laamaha.

1 sharciga Kirchhoff ee waa mid aad u fudud. Waxay ku salaysan tahay sharciga aasaasiga ah ee ilaalinta la'aan. sharciga ugu horeysay Kirchhoff ee dhigayaa: wadarta hadda (aljabra), daata laamaha in ay hal Guntin ah waa loo siman yahay si eber. Taasi waa, I1 + I2 + I3 = 0. Waayo, xisaabinta waxaa la qiyaasayo in qiimaha hadda tagaya Guntin leedahay "+" calaamad iyo sababtey in ay "-". Sidaas formula uu noqdo aragtida balaariyay of I1 + I2 - I3 = 0. In si kale loo dhigo, xaddiga hadda tagaya Guntin ah waa loo siman yahay si tirada effluent. Sharcigani wuxuu Kirchhoff ee waa mid aad muhiim u ah fahamka mabaadi'da qalabka korontada. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa lagu sharxayaa sababta ay markii isku Xidhka windings motor koronto on a "star" ama "xagalka" ma jirto interphase circuit gaaban.

sharciga 2 Kirchhoff ayaa waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa si loo xisaabiyo loop ku xiran xaddi gaar ah laamihii. Waxaa si toos ah xiriir la leeyahay sharciga saddexaad ee Maxwell (field magnetic joogto ah). Sharciga wuxuu sheegayaa in wadarta aljabrada ee danab lagu dhibciyo on kasta oo ka mid laamaha circuit waa loo siman yahay si ay u soo tiriya reer reer qiimaha emf ku xisaabaa dhammaan laamaha Bannaanka. Waa wax iska cad in ay ka maqan yihiin circuit xidhan of il awoodeed oo koronto (EDS), taasoo keentay in hoos u danab ayaa sidoo kale noqon doontaa eber. In la eego fudud dheeraad ah, isha tamar waa diinta kaliya in ay macaamiisha, oo ujeedadiisu tahay si ay qiimaha asalka ah soo laabtay. sharcigan Isticmaalka leeyahay tiro ka mid ah muuqaalada, sida uu yahay kiiska kii hore.

Curinta isla'egta circuit, waxaa la qiyaasayo in qiimaha tiro ka mid ah ciidamada electromotive leedahay calaamad wanaagsan marka jihada helay markii hore waa circuit isku tallaalidda (sida caadiga ah u socoto) la kulmeen ay jihada, iyo negative haddii tilmaamaha waa soo horjeeda. Isla sidaas u dhaqmaan resistor ah: marka jihada hadda waa isku mid sida in isku tallaalidda ee la doortay, ka dhibic danab ku dul waxa u sabab ah "+" calaamad. Tusaale ahaan, E1 - E2 + E3 = I1R1 - I2R2 + I3R3 + I4R4 ...

Sidaas darteed, dhaaftaan oo dhan laamaha tirsan qaybaha circuit nidaamka ku isleegyo, xallinta in, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u bartaan dhammaan laamaha hadda (iyo unugyada). Xalin xiriirka ka helay by habka of hadda loop.

Way adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad muhiimadda ay leedahay sharciyo Kirchhoff ee injineernimada korontada. Fududaato isleegyo qoraal oo ay xal by hababka algebra classical ahaayeen sababta isticmaalka ballaaran.