Riwaayado Chekhov iyo "riwaayadaha cusub"

Erayga "riwaayadaha cusub" waxay isu keentaa dhowr ah oo aasaas cusub, habab cusub oo ay fanka. Shuqullada Maeterlinck, Ibsen, Shaw abuuray in la barbardhigo ah "riwaayadaha iyo sidoo kale-sameeyay", Lagaga ee kaas oo lagu arkay on heerarka tiyaatarada Western Yurub. Qibradiisa goob qaloocin, waxay la dhacsan yihiin dhagaystayaasha gaaray in aad isku dejiso, laakiin ka tago sumadda wax weyn ku tahay waxay awoodi waayeen in.

Sida suugaanta Ruush, waxa ku jira sawir oo kala duwan sababta oo ah arrin cajiib ah ee tiyaatarka Ostrovsky. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu soo noqdo qarnigii u sharraxaadda macquul xoogaa daallan, bedelay ah "riwaayadaha cusub". Alexander Blok, Leonid Andreev iyo Maxim Gorky abuuray naqshado u gaarka ah, inkastoo ay isbedel ee nooca isku dhaca, ka beddelid goob ay horey u arkay riwaayadaha ay ka weyn oo casri ah, Antona Pavlovicha Chehova.

From vaudeville in ay maalin kasta musiibooyin

The cilmi sameeyay falanqaynta ee riwaayadaha Chekhov ee, go'doon ku shuqulladiisa riwaayado of muddo dhowr. Shuqulladiisii hore (marka laga reebo "Ivanov") ku abuuray sifayn ee vaudeville oo kala duwan oo aan weli nidaam tahay aasaasay. Isla mar ahaantaana, riwaayadaha sida Chekhov ee sida "Bear The", "Wedding", waa fikir dhaw si wadajir ah ula uu soo daahay, lyrically murugo "shimbir badeed" iyo "beerta Cherry The". yabban ay bartamaha tahay qof vulgarisation oo isku dayeysey in ay is hortaagaan geedi socodka this. Iyadoo mid ka mid ah farqiga: in la xidhey vaudeville diiradda saarayaa reer Falastiin - dadka, jiritaanka kaas oo la mideeyay labadii nolol maalmeedka, iyo hab nololeed sidaas noqon.

nooca colaadda

Published in 1896, ciyaar ka Chekhov ee "shimbir badeed The" si buuxda u waafaqsan tahay mabaadi'da ah "riwaayadaha cusub" in si nooc cusub oo isku dhaca mahad kaalinta koowaad. Ever tan iyo wakhtigii Shakespeare waxa uu noqday caado ah in colaadda qaadataa meel u dhaxaysa jilayaasha: Kalawdiyos iyo Hamlet, King Lear iyo gabdhihiisii. Waxay sameeyaan xuub, dhanka ah midba midka kale ku arrinsadeen, erayga u dhaqmaan. Chekhov ciyaaro (gaar ahaan "shimbir badeed The") loo fasiri karaa inuu halgan u dhexeeya ka ab, ka weyn wakiil Arkadina, Trigorin, iyo kuwa ka yar - Konstantin Treplev iyo Nina Zarechnaya.

Laakiin dhab ahaantii waa? Su'aashani waa si dadban mas'uul ka Chekhov qudhiisa, samaynta comments ku saabsan "Falastiin" Maksima Gorkogo: "Just ha (shaqaynta Nile) Butros iyo Tatiana soo horjeeda, haddaba iska daa, oo ay ku jiraan iyaga u gaar ah ..."

Hadalkani waxa uu si buuxda u khuseyso in ay "shimbir badeed": Dhab ahaantii, waa caqabad jidka qaar ka mid ah ama xirfadiisa jilitaanka TRIGORIN Arkadin of ninkii? Ma jiraan Ujeedada kasta, ay sabab u tahay falalka sababo characters kale ee Andrey Prozorov kor ayay sayniska iyo sidiiay nolosha gobolka? A xun jawaab su'aalahan astaan u yahay in khilaafka ee "cusub riwaayadaha" soobixi ma u dhexeeya qof iyo kale jilayaasha. antagonist ugu weyn ee play Chekhov taagan Wall (image soo qaatay shuqullada mid ah Leonid Andreev) Qof ka Gray, qaddar laftiisa, aan la saadaalin karin iyo cadho.

goob lyrical

Riwaayado Chekhov leeyihiin dhismaha gaar ah oo dhagarta. Naarta oo u dhow dubaan, Prozorov ah, xafiiltanka ka dhaxeeya Tuzenbach iyo salinity, Konstantin ee ismiidaamin ah - oo dhan dhacdooyinkan ayaa lagu soo waramayaa sida haddii socdo, iyo, dhab ahaantii, waxay saamayn lahayn on koorsada dhacdooyinka leeyihiin.

Laakiin waxa uu noqon lahaa buunbuunin haddii la yiraahdo in dhagarta ee plays ee la xidhey ma aha sida. Wuxuu galaa hignaseyno noqdo lyrical. Ugu muhiimsan, sida laga daawadayaasha qarsoon, iyo mararka qaarkood oo kaliya ka dhigaysa laftiisa dareemay weedho aan macquul ahayn (qabaa "Tarara Bumba ..." Chebutykin) ama ficillada aan habboonayn. Waxay Muujin geedi fikirka joogtada ah ee mid kasta oo jilayaasha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, il this miyir objectified geeyo go'ay, oon jidaynayey cilmi in ay ka hadlaan nooca cusub ee riwaayadaha - dardaro, kaas oo isku daraa bilowgii Tacaddi iyo lyrical.

Space iyo Time

"Cherry ubax, beerta cad adag ... Oo Xaakimkii in dharka cad" - wax u eg Stanislavski ku tilmaamay qorshe cusub Chekhov. play The "The Cherry Orchard" (taas oo waxa uu ku tilmaamayaa qoraaga) waa caddayn of muhiimadda ay leedahay muuqaalka sida unit ka mid ah dunida Ujeedada shuqullo yaab Chekhov ee. Nature waa dhaceen, waxaa la aan "tuuray", "axdiga jebiya innaba wejiga," iyo geesiyaal la dareenka buuxiyey, waxa uu noqonayaa mid nafsi ah.

Sida markii ugu, waayo, geesiyaal ah "Saddex Sisters" iyo shuqullo kale waxaa fuliya ciidamada burbur, oo burburiyey rajo for nolol wanaagsan. Future in riwaayadaha Chekhov ee had iyo jeer waa mid aan la hubin, qoraa inta badan billaabeen inay dhamaad furan, si la mid ah ka mid ah "riwaayadaha cusub".

characters

The plays ee Chekhov - qof ayaa inta badan awood u leh, hibada. Oo iyana waxay u tayo aan ku xaddidnayn hawlo xirfadeed. Halkee oosa yar sida Professor Serebryakov ama macallinka Kulygina. feature waxa uu sharaxayaa saadaasha Chekhov, kuwaas oo la rumaysan yahay in ay joogaan of tayo - waa feature muhiim ah oo nin waluba, taajka caalamka. Waxaa sharciga ku jiro xaqna ee aan eed lahayn. Qoraagu wuxuu ku shaqeyn doono muddo kale - beeniyo talanti, sida laga soo xigtay taas oo qof kasta oo inaga mid ah muujin karaan tayascheesya in talanti, waxa uu noqon lahaa waqtiga saxda ah waxaa loogu talagalay.

qiimaha

Waxaa ka mid ah shuqullada Strindberg, Ibsen iyo Shaw plays ee Chekhov helay meeshiisii loo eeliyaa. Waxay diiwaan nooc cusub oo isku dhaca, taas oo uu leeyahay dabeecad ah jiritaanka, khuseeya suugaanta Ruush iyo dunida ku xiga.