Rinjiyeynta Khokhloma - tahay Ruush, kaas oo u muuqday in qarnigii 17-

Waa wax aan macquul in la sheego marka ay muuqday rinjiyeynta Khokhloma, laakiin waa inay ahaato, waxa uu ahaa qarnigii 17aad. Inta lagu guda jiro dib u habaynta kaniisadda, marka Mu'miniinta Old ayaa la silcin, waxay ka heli magangal ee kaymaha iyo tuulooyinka yar yar. magaalooyinka waaweyn xiran yihiin iyaga weligood. Laakiin waxay lahaayeen naftooda sida feed a, ka dibna waxa ay go'aansadeen in ay isku dayaan in ay ku wareejin farsamo ee iconography iyo decoration on alaabta alwaax. Ugu ku saabsan waqti isku mid ah iyo waxaa jiray a caruusadaha kulaylaha dunida-caan, taasi oo markii dambe loo yaqaan "Hohloma".

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in xisbiga Konserfatifku waxay ahaayeen kara inuu wax badbaadiyo qadiimiga gacmeedyada, walxood oo dhar gooye kala duwan. Khokhloma rinjiyeynta ahayd mid ku salaysan iyaga on. Asal ahaan handmade by sayid noqday kaliya si toos ah Ranjiilayaasha, ka dibna wuxuu bilaabay inuu iyaga iyo Old Mu'miniinta kale, iyo sidoo kale xubno ka mid ah kacdoonkii Solovetsky ku biiro. Waqti ka, farsamadaa waxa uu noqday sidaas oo baahsan, in ay bilaabeen inay ku hawlan tuulada oo dhan. Oo mid tuulo u qaban karo maran, kale - si qaawi baxay geed, iyo kii saddexaad - in rinjiga. Inta badan shaqo ku lug nimankii, dumarka kaliya ka caawiyay by dhamaystirka hawlaha amarro kala duwan. Waa in la ogaadaa in carruurta ka da'da hore ka qeyb qaatay firfircoon rinjiyeynta ah. Waxay, dabcan, ha isku hallaynina fulinta hawlaha adag, laakiin waxa ay si fudud ula qabsan karaa Primer ama olifleniem.

Guud ahaan, Khokhloma rinjiyeynta noqday caan ah ma, sababtoo ah in shuqulka oo dhan lagu sameeyey gacanta. Waqtigaas waxaan ku noolaa ma dad badan oo hodan ku ah inay iska iibiso Russia sheyga ugu qiimaha sare. Waxa ugu waa in la mid ah at jaleecada hore, xubno maacuunta mar walba u eegay siyaabo kala duwan. maddiibadood oo dahab ah la dhigay on qararka wabiga Volga ah, ka dibna gaadiid halkaas ka guud ahaan dalka. Waxaa intaa dheer, iyo meel ka durugsan soohdimaha Russia ahaa caan Ruush Khokhloma. Xubno ka yihiin cillaanka on dahabka ah maddiibadihii, iyo malgacadihii ama Naqshada aan ka tagi karo qof taag daran.

feature A ee kala duwan ee Khokhloma waa in uu leeyahay ma marto ama tusaaleyaal. All stroke in qaadeen sayidkayga ah, wuxuu gebi ahaanba been abuurtay on go ah. Laakiin waxaa jira xeerar gaar ah asalka. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo technology ah ee wax soo saarka asalka ah, alwaax ugu horeysay lagu qabtay Primer. Tani waxa ay ahayd lagama maarmaan si ay u xir godad yar yar oo dareere-ka dusi karin. Markaas Putty, kaas oo loogu talagalay in lagu qariyo kuus kuus, diisan yar iyo khaladaadka kale ee haray hawlgalka Turner ka dib markii qaadeen. Intaas ka dib oliflenie sameeyay, oo aan daahan budo aluminium (loo baahan yahay in la siiyo nooc ka mid ah cado oo dahab ah) ay adag tahay. Ka dibna ku daray inuu xariif rinjiyeynta aad u. nidaamyada sir ah burush jiifay on the meelaha ugu adag. Sayidka, Khokhloma Ruush ah - rinjiyeynta, sawir oo aan qabsan doonaa quruxda in loo arki karaa in xaqiiqada. In maacuunta badan matxafyada la ilaashaa, kuwaas abuurka taariikhda dib ugu qarnigii 18aad. Sida caadiga ah, nidaamyada loo arki karaa , jacaylka dabiiciga ah, kaas oo lagu kala qaado by beeralay kasta ee uu article.

Khokhloma rinjiyeynta ayaa laga badiyay ay muhiimadda ilaa maanta. Dabcan, farshaxanka casriga ah waxa uu noqday kala duwan, laga helay sida tiro balaadhan oo ah noocyada iyo xubno madaxtooyada ee la dhacdhaco kakanaanta ee darey farshaxanka. All qadiin ah waxaa loogu talagalay diirimaad ah, sida mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah gacanta. None of mishiinka ma awoodi doonaan in ay u gudbiyaan tamarta wanaagsan sida ugu badan ee sameeyo gacmaha aadanaha.