Rinjiile Diego Rivera: Biography, hal-abuurka, nolosha shakhsiyeed

artist Mexico Diego Rivera, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka buuxa dhacdooyin khilaafsan iyo xaqiiqooyinka, waa mid ka mid ah tirooyinka dhaqanka ugu muranka iyo wax garadka Mexico. shuqulkiisii uu, views siyaasadeed iyo nolashiisa qaaska ah ayaa diirada u ah qeybtii hore ee qarnigii labaatanaad oo weli la wada hadlay.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka ah ee farshaxanka

muralist Tani artist, kacaan ah iyo wax dumiya Quluubta dumar ah, ku dhashay 8 December 1886 magaalada Mexico ee Guanajuato. Waxa uu ahaa si ay u noqdaan aasaasihii School Qaranka ee Mexico ee Rinjiyeynta iyo dhaleecayn hogaanka ku soo biireyso weyrax of Hababka a. Wiil The ma kala duwan yihiin caafimaad wanaagsan, waxaa lagu xamanayaa in sida ilmo yar oo uu ka badbaaday. Diego Rivera ahayd jeclaan of sheegaya sheekooyin, laakiin waxaa la ogsoon yahay in 1893 uu qoyska u dhaqaaqay caasimada dalka - Mexico City. 5 sano ka dib, si guul ah ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga, artist dhallinyarada galeen Academy of Arts of San Carlos. Hay'addani ninkii dhallinyarada siiyey waxbarasho wanaagsan si dul ay dhamaystirka, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay helaan deeq waxbarasho. Isagoo wakhti helay, ayuu u tegey oo ku saabsan safarka Spain. Markaas ayuu soo booqday England, Belgium, Holland iyo Italy.

nolosha Personal "dad qalatada"

Waayo, jacaylka a dareen haweenka iyo links-dhaaf ah Diego Rivera ayaa lagu naaneeso "dad qalatada". isaga qudhiisuse wuxuu jeclaa in uu iska sawir sida riixo lugta rihii weyn in qof qalbigiisa. buuxnaanta Dabiiciga ah iyo kaaha culus muuqashadii sameeyey xitaa dusha dareemi. Isagoo tilmaamaya nolosha shakhsiga ah oo ka mid ah artist-aad caasiyowdaan, waxaa sida caadiga ah hadalka ku saabsan in uu guursado in Fridoy Karlo. Laakiin iyadu ma ahayn marka hore, laakiin xitaa ka sii badan dumar kaliya ee nolosha abuuraha. Marka ugu horeysa dhallinyarada guursan Diego Rivera by jacaylka a dareen biiray artist Ruush ah Angelina Belova ee 1911. Waxay lahaa wiil. Laakiin waalneyn iyo kacsigiisa aan dhammaadka lahayn iyo ninkeeda khiyaamooyinkii tagay Angelina, u baxay inuu Mexico. guurka kale-gaaban dhamaaday xiriir la Lupe Marin. Midowga ayaa dhal oo dunida siiyey laba gabdhood.

Xaaska iyo saaxiib

By 1929, marka guurka labaad ayaa la jebiyey, oo uu kula kulmay naagtii uu noolaa guriga - Frida Carlo. Diego Rivera guursaday gabar badan ka yar isaga ka badan. In 1939, waxaa jiray furiin, laakiin in 1940 ay mar kale guursaday. naftiisa oo dhan, Rivera hadhay lover macho iyo dareen haweenka. Waxa uu bedelay naagood, Zino, kuwaas oo u dhashay carruurtiisa sharci darrada ah.

Xiriirka Diego iyo Frida ay wada buuxsameen of hamiday, jacayl, masayrka, iyo xadgudubka mararka jirka. Frida samir weyn loola dhaqmo si ka ficillo ninkeeda jeclaa inuu ku daydo, ku qoray badan oo Wehbe uu. Laakiin markii uu bedelay Frida walaashiis iyada u gaar ah, cafi mar dambe ma kari waayeen, iyo 1939 xiriirka kala tagnay. Aad ugu dhaqsiyaha badan, ninkeeda isaga qudhiisa ku aflagaadeeyay si uu u doondoono furiin, ka baryay inuu naagtiisa isaga u soo noqotaan on shuruudaha kasta. Kolkaasuu wuxuu iyada siiyaa content dhaqaale oo waxay iyadii siisay baahida ugu weyn. xaaladda guusashada ahaa saxiixa heshiiska guurka ah, bixinta diidmada dhamaystiran oo xiriir galmo u dhexeeya xaaska. In uu noloshiisa shakhsiga ah ku hadhay xagalka Diego Rivera, xaaskiisa iyo sayidaddeedii.

In labada qof carruurna ma ay lahayn, 2 Frida uurka ku dhamaatay dhicin. In 1954, Rivera noqday carmal ah, oo ka dib u muuqday on male ah in uu naagtiisa waa inuu dhinto caawiyey, laakiin ma ahan wax ka badan wararka xanta ah. Ilaa laba maalmood ee ugu dambeeyay la xoojiyey fikrado communist iyo wadahadal la siyaasiyiinta Ruush caan ah.

Artist siyaasadda

Tan iyo horraantii 30-mada ay Diego Rivera noqdo hogaamiyaha muran dhex muralist Mexico. Waxa uu dhab ahaan waa mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu caansan oo lagu muransan yahay, kuwaas oo tacsiyadaynaynaa siyaasadeed si wadaag, rijiyeeyay taariikhi kalifaya, hawlaha hal-abuurka hufada ah iyo nolosha bulshada abuuray muuqaalka kore ee hanad ah. Aabaha aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaqa farshaxanka cusub ee qarnigii labaatanaad Waxaa sii kordhaya soo jiidatay dareenka bulshada dunida.

ugu horeeyay Monumental ee America lagu qaban doono 1930 ee San Francisco, iyo bishii December 1931 la xaami ah cajiib ah qabtay oo uu bandhig Solo. In taariikhda oo dhan matxafka, waxay ahayd bandhig labaad ee qoraaga mid ah. The sharaf ugu horeysay sida abaal Anri Matiss. Ka dib markii bandhig ku artist waxay u cid direen Detroit, halkaas oo uu shakhsi ahaan lagu casuumay Edsel Ford. Halkan, dadka qalbigiisa ku jirtaa warshadaha America u maleeyay in artist ee Diego Rivera helay amar fulinta rijiyeeyay for Institute Art ku theme ee "Detroit Industry". Henry Ford lahaa sumcad for liicayn anti-shuuciga. In muddo ah ka soo 1929kii si 1930 at dhirta Ford hadhay dhowr kun oo weeraryahanada shaqo la'aan. Waxaa cajiib ah in, inkastoo taasi, Diego Rivera, in laftiisa dhig sida dagaalka ah proletarita xuquuqda, ayaa aqbalay amarka iyo bixin ee Kambayuutarada ah.

Qayb ka mid ah kabarta la Halabuurka dhagarta "Tallaalka" muuqatay inay marjic u iconography ee dhalatay, iyo this xanaajiyeen duufaan weyn oo cadhaysan oo ka cabanaya in saxaafadda iyo wareegyada diimeed ka dhanka ah Moore. resonance Cod dheer bulshada ayaa waxay noqdeen qayb muhiim ah oo frescoes ka dibna keenay ammaan weyn ku Detroit.

Man at Crossroads ah

The views siyaasadeed ee artist ee ka muuqataa in uu shaqada iyo mararka qaarkood keeni colaadaha dulmiga macaamiisha. kabarta "Man at Crossroads ah, raadinaya rajo in doorashada ee mustaqbal cusub oo ka wanaagsan" waxa uu ahaa sabab u ah mid ka mid ah xaaladahan. Shaqada waxaa ku bilawday Maarso 1933. Dooda ka dhacay masraxa guddiga doorashada, iyo ugu dambeyntii noqday kabarta midab leh ee adkeysi ee qoraaga. Waxay ka koobnayd saddex qaybood. In xarunta jiro ninkii - sayidkii canaasiirta. Sida shuqulka kabarta waxa uu noqday mid aad u adag oo ay sabab u ahayd laba Caalamka juxtaposed. Dhinaca mid ku farxaan hantiwadaagga, oo dhinaca kale ah - jahli shuuciyad. Ka mid ah jilayaasha xitaa u muuqan qaar, aad uula mid tahay Lenin. kabarta waxay ahayd in lagu soo bandhigo dadweynaha ee furitaanka dhismaha Rockefeller Center May 1, 1933. Laakiin wax kasta waa la sii kordhaya fadeexadii mana uusan sii dayn this dhici, iyo iyadoo ay jirto in qoyska Rockefeller la fiirsanayo fursadaha si loo badbaadiyo murali dibadda dhismaha, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dilo. Waxa ay aheyd guuldaradii ugu weyneyd ee shuqulka Rivera iyo siyaasadda.

Saameynta dunida farshaxanka

"Diego i siinaysaa walaaca. Kor buu u siiyey ammaanta, oo doorbiday in ay sameeyaan waxa uu haatan sameynayo "- si la hadlay oo ku saabsan inuu saaxiib dhow Alfonso Reyes. kala guurka ah si ay Cubism weyn u Diego Rivera. Rinjiyaynta "Sujuud ee Virgin ah" iyo "Gabadha la midho" ka tarjumaya dhaqdhaqaaqa qoraaga jihada this. feature A shaqada la soo dhaafay ayaa la doorinaynaa fahamka bannaan, in kastoo fog cubism. In shuqulladiisa oo dhan, xooga artist ee dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo qaninimo ah muuqaalkii.

uu saameyn weyn ku formation of Diego Rivera lahaa style a classical Yurub ee rinjiyeynta. In muddo rijiyeeyay XIV - qarniyo XVI cunto badan siiyeen fikirka iyo ka qayb qaatay guulaysiga of frescoes Diego. Laga bilaabo 1940, uu guul badan ee fresco ah, si uu lagu casuumay inay ka shaqeeyaan Exhibition adduunka ee San Francisco, oo mar dambe keenay xukuumadda in ay rinji Palace Qaranka ee Mexico City.

Dhameystirka jidka

Diego Rivera on November 24 ku dhintay, 1957 ee Mexico City oo waxaa lagu aasay ka Rotunda ah fanaaniinta caanka ah. Wuxuu ahaa khilaafsan oo dhan. Iyadoo rabitaanka si ay u fuliyaan amarka dhacay,, ammaanaya hantiwadaagga, u hoggaansanaayeen views communist. Wuxuu jeclaaday naago, laakiin halaagnay ay masiirka iyo nolosha ku hamiday isla kaas oo rinji Wehbe ay. Diego Rivera, qaabka, kaasoo ka hor inta midna ka dib, waxa uu awoodi waayay inuu ku soo celiyo mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta, kuwaas oo tagay qarsoon badan oo qarsoon in dhowr qarniyo ma noqon doonto in ku filan si ay u xaliyaan.

Ka dib markii fariistay at da'da 70 sano, oo kaliya uu ka tagay xaas la jecel yahay - Frida iyo ka tagay dhaxal aad u qaali dhaqanka, taariikhda, siyaasadda, iyo Quluubta kuwii isaga u jeclaaday.