"Revolver" (qori): taariikhda, sharaxaad, sifooyinka

"Nagan" - baastoolad, walaalihiis Belgium, Emil (1830-1902) iyo Leon (1833-1900) revolver abuuray gunsmiths. hubka laga dhigay ee dalalka qaar ee XIX dabayaaqadii - qarnigii XX bartamihii. Waxa loo adeegsaday hubka military.

History of abuurka

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah, dalal badan ayaa warar xan ah oo ku saabsan rearmament ee ciidamada. Oo waagaas, ka tamuujaduhu rajo, oo hub gaar ah hubka gaaban weheliso halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo qalab ku filan, la isku halayn karo oo badin eedeeyay. Fiirada gaarka ah ee wax soo saarka hubka Yurub waa magaaladii Liege, oo ku yaalla Belgium. Tan iyo 1859 waxa uu ka shaqeeyay in warshadda of Leon iyo Emile qorigiisa. Waxa uu ahaa aqoon isweydaarsi ah qoyska yar, oo waxaa cusboonaysiiyey qoryaha Holland iyo mararka qaar xitaa horumariyo hubka.

revolver ugu horeysay ee gaar ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in walaalkiisii weynaa Test Emil waaxda military Belgian. Waxa uu go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan sida hubka saraakiisha ah sarkaal iyo non-wakiishay ', loo yaqaan "revolver muunad ee 1878". Tani bastoolad 9-mm in 1878 uu ahaa lixda lambar. Its qalabaysan "qalab dual-saamayn": dubbe Anfiled ama gacanta fallaadha, ama adigoo riixaya keebka.

Saraakiisha Non-wakiishay ee lugta, iyo awr, iyo qayb ka mid ah kaabayaal ah oo ka tirsan ciidamada dalka Belgium rumeysan yahay in "Nagan" - heer sarre bistoolad! Dhab ahaan, on buugan tilmaamaha ah ciidamada geesiyaasha ah, waxaa loo naqshadeeyay bistoolad 9-mm "qorigiisa M / 1883kii" oo leh tayadooda dagaal si ula kac ah yaraadeen, ". Mode DA" ee dhismaha, wax cusub, marka laga reebo rasaas Si fudud u gelin, la toogashada ee tusaalaha this lahaa dubbihii Anfiled shot kasta ka dib.

Sidaas darteed, waxaa la sameeyay ka badan 2-3 ka bedelka calibers kala duwan iyo dhererka foosto. halka a Emile qorigiisa Ka dib markii si xun u xanuunsan oo gabi ahaanba laga badiyay hortiisa. Haddaba shaqada ugu weyn ee horumar ah ee qalabka ku hawlan Leon qorigiisa.

Sample 1886

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan ka baran ah "Revolver". Gun 1886 miisaamay wax yar ka yar horreeyay. Waxa uu ahaa isku halayn karo, iyo design waxa uu noqday teknoolajiyada sare. Tani model ee qalabka keebka afar ilood ayaa bedelay mid dvuporuyu. Intaa waxaa dheer, soo saarka cusub tixgeliyaan u janjeera ee horumarinta hub jihada of heerkiisa hoos: khubaro doortay ugu caansan ee waagaas, 7.5 mm eedeeyay budo aan qiiqa lahayn.

Dhibaatada ugu muhiimsan ee lagu xalin jiray in tamuujaduhu samaynta waa mudida ee gaaska lagu gano galay farqiga, taas oo samaysa dhamaadka a hore ee durbaanka iyo dayaca ee qaybta foosto ee.

armorer Belgian Anri Piper helo xalka ugu habboon: keebka uu been abuurtay, durbaanka ugu horey ka hor. Revolver Henri lahaa qaab gaar ah, waxaa jiray rasaas si buuxda qarsoon darafta, gacmo obturator u adeegeen Dultsev in gaasaska budada qaybiyey iyo cadaadisay ka dhanka ah channel asliga ah daqiiqad kubad ka - ficilkan hortagi gaaska horumar degdeg ah.

fududeynta Tani xukunka la qalab cajiib ah ayaa la riixay badan durbaanka foosto ee, Leon Naganov codsatay in 1892 sano. Under model revolver cusub uu horumariyay darafta amarka, qalabaysan dulcitol dheer. In waxa uu noqday "Revolver"? bastoolad this ayaa hadda noqday tusaale classic, oo lagu daydo ku xiga ayaa waxba iska badalin badan ee qaab-dhismeedka.

qalab

All tamuujaduhu "Revolver" waxay leeyihiin saldhig caadiga ah iyo guryaha:

• qalab keebka kuu ogolaanayaa saamayn double in ay toogtaan sida waxay dubbihii ku Anfiled, oo la is-cocking. The kaliya ee ka reeban yihiin "askari" iyo "NCO" naqshado pre-kacaan, taas oo hab is-cocking ay xiran tahay in la yareeyo isticmaalka rasaas.
• Mabda'a jir hal gabal.
• Door, furitaanka qolalka durbaan wareeg lateral. Exclusive waa uun tusaale ah ee 1910, taas oo bed albaabka iyo dib u sii daayo durbaan, silban xaq.
• Foosto for caga dhega la xiri gelin ku yiilleen.
• Ramrod ku dhuunta meel la eryo dhidibka durbaan ka. Ka dibna wuxuu dhameystirtay toogtay shaqo ee shawladda - musaafurinaysa qaatay gulufyadii.
• Qalabka wuxuu u la saaray in jir ah iyo saxan cover closable.

Drum iyo waxa kale oo dukaanka, iyo qolladdii waqti isku mid ah. In ugu baahsan ee tusaalaha ah ee 1895 iyo dad badan oo ka mid ah kala duwanaansho durbaanka caawinaysa 7 eedeeyay. Dhab ahaantii, jir hore la geliyo dhidibka u durbaan godkii oo xaqiijisatay ku darina shompolnye tube. tube Tani waxaa la dhigayaa ka hor durbaan, waxaa ku lifaaqan qoorta asliga ah si wareejin in on, labada on dhidibka. Muunado taas oo durbaanka la riixay badan foosto ah, hore ayaa farsamo ku laabto, taas oo ka kooban waa tube durbaan iyo il.

qalab quful waa durbaan ku lifaaqan dhinaca midigta ee ku yiilleen. Its shaqada waxaa la sameeyaa by albaabka guga-raran ah. Marka ay furan tahay (janjeera dhinac) lagu soo oogi karo iyo saaro hubka. Marka albaabka xiran yahay - waxa ay xirtey bool ah, ka hortagga amarka ah inuu dhaco, oo ay tahay in ay iyada durbaanka mahad counterclockwise ma kumbyuutarradeedu karo.

"Nagan" Battle on durbaan leedahay todoba buulal iyo excavations looga baahan yahay qarka albaabka meel u xiran yihiin oo u furan.

Guud ahaan hab revolver waxaa inta badan ka kooban qaybaha hawlgala sidii farsamo quful iyo jeestay durbaan foosto sugayo: dayaca slider, pawl jillaab iyo keebka la mainspring ah. Waxaa ka mid ah iyo farsamo kiciya.

Waana mid ka, wakhtigaas qalabka ka koobnaa Daqsi posted on qaybta jirridda hore iyo gadaal hortiisa, booska ay doonayaan isagoo jir top. Total revolver qalab ee 1895 ka 39 xubno ka soo ururiyey.

qalab keebka

hub Tani waxay ku qalabeysan yahay keeb kiciya a, tallaabo double. Isla mar ahaantaana ay sidoo kale soo saarta lagu daydo iyo farganka ah, tallaabo hal. In qalab this Weeraryahanka la pivotally dhajinta on farganka, guga caleen dagaal ku lifaaqan - dvuporaya waa in ay la tacaalaan.

revolver The sear wada-macmalay la keebka. Fiyuuska ma aha, laakiin haddii aadan jiid keebka, wax gaar ah uma oggolaan pin toogashada ah inay xiriir la kaabsolka. Haddii keebka waa Anfiled, waxa uu u adeegsanayaa farsamo quful gaar ah, guurto durbaanka hubka weerarka. keebka wakhtiga hakad durbaan si aysan isku shaandheyn.

guryaha ballistic

Waa maxay saxnaanta at revolver ah "Nagan"? hortiisa hub Tani qoondeeyey qarka u saaran inuu fogaan ah 25 m. Waa in la ogaadaa in ay tahay meel fog ka bar-dhibic ku beegan tahay natiijada midpoint. dura kala duwan ku faani karo saxnimada gebi ahaanba kala duwan ee hits dabka:

m Masaafada		Iyada oo taagan		gacmo
11		4.0		7.0
18		5.6		9.0
25		7.2		13
36		11		19
50		14		-

xooggii dagaalka

Sida laga soo xigtay loox geed baakadda la dhumucdiisuna waxay a of 2.54 cm iyo shan iyo soddon tallaabooyinka (25 mitir) waxaa lagula socdaa lays 3 loox - 100% rasaas ah, loox 4 - 70%, looxyada 5 - 25%. Guddiyada waxaa lagu dhejiyay ka fog oo ah 8 cm midba midka kale ka. Mid ka mid ah huurada feeray fogaan ah ilaa laba boqol oo tallaabo (140 m).

wax soo saarka

Ruush warshad hubka Izhevsk manufactures hadda waa tamuujaduhu tayo aad u sarreeya. Laakiin Swedish "Nagan" shaybaarka ee 1887 la sameeyey ee Belgium. Waxa xiiso leh, muunad 9-mm ee 1878 ayaa ku ammaanay ciidanka Belgian. Waxay qeyb ka tahay popularization ee warshad brand ah "Revolver" suuqa dunida.

qori la mid ah, ka abuuray 1895, iyo sidoo kale kala duwanaansho oo dhanba, soo saaray siminaaro badan oo hub aduunka oo dhan, kuwaas oo warshada Ruush hubka Imperial ee Tula, magaalada Polish ah Radom, Jarmalka "Enel" in Suhl, Belgian "Lepage", " Frankot "iyo" Bayard "," Arizmendi-Goenaga "ee Spain iyo kuwo kale.

"Nagan" Ciidamada Ruush hubaysan

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ee Empire Ruush soo qaaday rearmament weyn ee ciidanka. AK qoriga, sii daayey 1891, ayaa loo doortay sida hubka yaryar ee caadiga ah. Isla mar, Russia waxaa matalayey hubka muunad huriye 4,2-toosan (10.67-mm) Smith & Wesson System bastoolad III, horumariyo 1880naadkii.

Xitaa Commission for soo saarka ee qoryaha yar-heerkiisa, kaas oo uu madax u Lieutenant-General N. G. Chagin, ayaa ku biiray raadinta baarka loo ballanqaaday. Waxa xiiso leh in revolver cusub ee ciidanka soo socda looga baahan yahay:

• awood xoog leh joojinta. Oo waagaas, nooca ugu weyn ee ciidamada iyo awr waxaa sidaas daraaddeed toogtay meel fog wax ku ool ah (ilaa 50 tallaabooyinka) loo baahan yahay in hoos u garaacayaa faras.
• "Ciidamada dagaalka" waa in ku filan si ay jebiyaan oo looxyada geed 4-5-inch. miisaanka yar yahay (0.82-0.92 kg).
• Booskan, jihada, tirada, profile ee rifling ee foosto iyo sida waa in ay isku-line-beegyada uu AK qoriga. Sidaas darteed, la abuuro tamuujaduhu, waxaad isticmaali kartaa qoriga Suurka haleysan.
• Revolver in lagu qalabeeyaa karaa toogashada is-cocking ah, haddii kale waxaa sii dari doonaa sax.
• xawaare hore ee rasaasta waa in ay hoos 300 m / s.
• At qoriga waa in ay sax u fiican la joogo.
• Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in qalabka iyo farsamada waa mid fudud.
• hubka waa in ay ahaataa isku halayn karo, xasaas ah in ay wasakh iyo xaaladaha xun ee hawlgalka, fudud si ay u ilaaliyaan.
• Gacmo waa in la soo saaro ma isku mar, laakiin sidoo kale.
• hab loogu talagalay in lagu loogu talagalay waa si dhabbihii ee duulimaadka xabada gudbi karin khadka hortiisa ka fogaan ah 35 socdeen.
• durbaanka The waa in lagu rakibaa ugu yaraan toddoba eedeeyay.
• Chuck in ay la qolof rasaas, naxaas darafta flange iyo budo aan qiiqa lahayn.

Guud ahaan, toogashada is-cocking iyo ka saarida isway-gulufyadii qaatay diiday sababtoo ah waxay adkayn qalabka (tani waxay saamayn xun ku ah isku halaynta iyo qiimaha revolver) iyo keenaysaa in isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah rasaas.

By dhawaaqay oo ka mid ah tartanka iyo codsiga iman kara weyn waxaan tusay dan weyn ee hubka gudaha iyo sculptors shisheeye. Waxaa jiray dhowr ah lagu daydo qoriga & Wesson Smith, tamuujaduhu iyo avtopistolety. Dhammaadkii dagaalka halis bilaabay gunsmiths Belgian model Anri Piper M1889 leh "Bayard" iyo Leon qorigiisa M1892 leh. By habka, bastoolad hawada casriga ah "Nagan Gletcher XKM» waa replica ka mid ah model ah, kaas oo ku guulaystay tartanka.

Leon qorigiisa beddeli ay wax soo saarka si Ruush heerkiisa 7.62-mm. Sida 1883kii, wuxuu fogeeyey toogashada is-cocking ah, dhaawac tayada hubka iyadoo la raacayo sheegashada tartanka.

tamuujaduhu lix iyo semizaryadnye - kaliya labo ikhtiyaar ah ayaa la soo jeediyey. model Pieper la diiday ay sabab u tahay massiveness iyo unreliability qalabka. Tartanka waxaa ku guuleystay by Leon qorigiisa, malaha ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in uu leeyahay xiriirka ee Wasaaradda Difaaca Ruush ah ayaa muddo dheer la aasaasay.

Revolver for patent ah revolver a maroojiyey qiimaha of 75 000 rubles. Ma uu helin lacagtii, sida uu diiday. Waxa uu ahaa dib-u-qorsheeyay dheeraad ah ciyaarta, laakiin a xaaladaha ugu khiyaano. Haddaba, marka lagu daro ku soo koobin ee Prize: Labaatan kun rubles halkii unit hubka iyo shan kun oo Aas lacag. Intaa waxaa dheer, goolka guusha u lahaa in ilmahayga la siiyo si ay u lahaanshaha buuxa ee dowladda Ruush, kaas oo helay xaq u leeyahay inuu u soo saaro, iyo in ay dalka iyo dibadda oo aan wax lacag si ay u hindisa ah.

Piper ee tartanka tusay mar baaraandegi leh tamuujaduhu si toos ah u gaar ah. Guddiga ayaa loo arkaa iyaga "habboonayn, laakiin digtoonaan." Revolver S. I. Mosina leh lix dogob ayaa sidoo kale ma aqbalo. Qiraan a qoriga Nagano qalab ahaayeen ahmiyad yarayn. Waxaan sameeyay baaritaan barbardhig qori 4.2-toosan a Smith & Wesson, iyo qalab la ansixiyey. Waxa xiiso leh, ka dib markii saraakiisha ciidamada tijaabooyin doonayay in qori la saamaynta double is-cocking iyo toogasho.

Guddiga wuxuu si version is-cocking ee tusaalaha ah ee ku soo laabtay, laakiin arkay inuu guul aan shuruud lahayn, sidaasi darteed waxaan go'aansaday in hub Russia Waa in la buuxsameen qoryaha sida: is-cocking saraakiil iyo privates iyo saraakiil non-wakiishay - nesamovzvodny.

Qalabka wuxuu u sameeyey isbedel yar yar iyo waxa la ansixiyey guga ee 1895. Holster for "Nagano" muunada this waxaa laga sameeyey maro. Waxaa Mans maqaar xadhig-trenchikom iyo ramrod a hubka nadiifinta.

May 13, 1895 amar of Nicholas II ee "Sarkaal" iyo "askari" "Nagan" baarka qoriga la qaatay ciidamada Ruush. Waxaa xusid mudan in waaxda military ee hubka waxay ku jireen June 1896 si rasmi ah u aqbalay geli jiray.

beddelka

dhib aad u badan si ay u helaan ogolaansho qoryaha - waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay garab fasallada badan. Oo qaar badan ma sameyn karaan, sidaa darteed dadka u bartaan Pneumatic. Laakiin ma noqon tusaalooyin caataysnaa iyo liiska revolver la yaab leh "Nagan". Halkan ay kala yihiin:

• Qorigiisa M1910 - hub 1910 muunad Belgian ee sannadka. Waxay leedahay fiirsato isku mar ah gulufyadii qaatay.

model Martial:

• Soldier "Nagan" - a hubka 20-qarnigii cajiib leh qalab nesamovzvodny kiciya. Its saarka joogsadeen 1918.
• "Revolver", abuuray saraakiishoodii, qalabaysan qalab kicin is-cocking.
• Ka hor inta qabsatooyinkooduna World loo sameeyey ciidamada xadka ee qadar yar: carbine integrally tuuray la baadkiisa iyo dhererka foosto of 300 mm iyo revolver la baadkiisa a fullaaci kara oo foosto ku kordhiyay 200 mm.
• "Revolver" abuuray taliyayaasha, muuqashadii a revolver is haysta loogu talagalay concealable. Its stem waa la dhimay 85 mm iyo xamili gaabiyey. Tijaabada waxaa loo sameeyay 1927. Waxaa soo saaray yaalla yar ilaa 1932. Total soo saaray oo ku saabsan 25 000 oo gogo 'oo cuntooyinkan. Sida laga soo xigtay nooc ka mid ah saraakiisha hubeysan oo ka mid ah OGPU iyo NKVD ah.
• Wixii sahan oo guuto curyaamin 1929 waxaa la abuuray by bastoolad leh aammusiiye -equipped silencers mashiinka "Bram", marka laga reebo muuqaalka kore ee ololkii. walaalo ah oo loogu talagalay IG iyo VG Mitin.
• Qorigiisa wz. 30 - hub loogu talagalay revolver sanadkii 1895, wuxuu sameeyey oo polish ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1930 in 1939 uu serially soo saaray Radom warshad hubka ah. Total Poland soo saaray 20,000 oo gogo 'oo tamuujaduhu "Revolver" laba-baarka: wz.30 Ng iyo wz.32 Ng.

daydo Sport - hub qarnigii 20aad

Kuwani waxay alaabta cajiib ah:

• Tababarka revolver qorigiisa-Simurna tababarka, horumariyo 1926. Its naqshadeeye waa A. A. Smirnsky. Laga soo bilaabo 1925 in 1939 sano ee soo saarka, kuwaas oo soo saaray 3,500 gogo 'lacag ka yar RIMFIRE 5.6 mm.
• "Nagan" revolver loo abuuray, isboortiga ee 1953. Its naqshadeeye waa VA Paramonov. muunad waxaa soo saaray ka 1956 si ay u 1966. Total 8220 xabbadood MC-4 iyo MC ayaa soo saaray-4-1.
• TOZ-36 - isboorti hubka ee 1962 sano muunad. model Tani waxaa loogu talagalay EL Haydurov.
• TOZ-49 - muunad bastoolad 1972 a, waxaa loo sameeyey dadka aawadiis ee isboortiga. Its loogu talagalay EL Haydurov. Waxa gaabiyey durbaanka hoostiisa 7,62H26 ku kaydadka gaabin mm.
• TOZ-96 waa fursad dhoofinta ah TOZ-49 ka yar lacag .32 S & W Long Wadcutter. Waxaa la soo saaray tan iyo 1996.

Sports oo lagu daydo ugaarsiga

Haddaba eegto hubka tusaalooyinka soo socda:

• Carbine KR-22 "Falcon" waa tusaale ka mid ah lacag diinta ka mid ah .22 LR ah. Tani revolver "revolver" qalabaysan foosto dheeraado in 500 mm, qoryo iyo dhudhun qori baadkiisa integrally tuuray. Alaabta Tani culeyskiisu yahay 2 kg. Si aad uga dhigto bilaabay sanadkii 2010.
• Bastoolad "Thunder" waa model diinta, shirkadda Yukreeniyaan macmalay "SBM" a. Tani waxay qori sports hoos amarka 4-mm Flaubert abuuray tababarka.

hubka difaaca Civil

Waa maxay "Revolver" argagaxa iyo gaaska? In 2000 hore, dhowr kala duwanaansho of bastoolado ka mid ah ayaa loogu talagalay, macmalay by beddelo dagaal "Naganov".

1. In Ruush soo saaro hubka dhanka daafaca ka dib: P1 murugo "Naganych" hoos amarka 9 mm iyo R. A. HPE-502 "revolver-M" hoos mas'uul 10H32 T mm hoostiisa lacagta adeegga ee QPR trauma 10H23 T. mm
2. In Ukraine, gaaska soo saaray dhaawacyada iyo bastoolado "Taliyaha guutada", "Ramp 1 R", "D-qorigiisa" gaaban "SKAT 1Rk" iyo "Revolver Ruush Federation."
3. bastoolad hawada "Nagan Gletcher XKM» dhigay ee USA. Tani gaas-dhululubo revolver halyeeyga mataano.

Thanks to shuruudaha cilmiyaysan, hub qalab, rasaas rasaasta cinjirka ah, waxaa jiray isbedel mamnuucaya madaxyada toogtay.

Signal (qaylada) daydo

• HPE-503 "Nagan-S" ( "Bluff") - bastoolad signal hoos cap ah "Zhevelo". Sameeyey Vyatskiye Polyansky "Molot" warshad xagaagii 2006.
• "Revolver MR-313" (Nagano-07). In saamiga this, marka la barbardhigo "Bluff" modified qalab stem cap (kuunoqon y cusub contours dheeraad ah oo casri ah). waa model Tani qalabaysan jir ka yar-dhexroor, iyadu ma aha on tirada jir ah serial in dayaca ee jir axdi qarameedka jidhiidha ahaa ma soo saaray.

"Nagan MR-313" qalabeysan yahay durbaan, kuwaas oo tiradoodu uusan ku dar aan ilaa tirada on jir ah. gacmo revolver under "Zhevelo" waxa aan u riixriixan oo qolalka soo galay, oo xiri galay dunta.

Waxa xiiso leh, sanadkii 2008, ee "dubbe" wax soo saarka ee tamuujaduhu, kuwaas oo u soo jeestay oo u dhaqaaqay Warshadda Izhevsk hubka.

• P-2 - a hub seylaanyenta hoos cap ah "Zhevelo", model soo socda ka dib markii "Bluff" iyo MR-313. saaraha waa Concern Kalashnikov ah.

Ugu dambeyntii, haddii aad tahay mid aad u caajis si aad u hesho ogolaansho qoryaha (dadka aan badnayn sida cajalad cas), waxaad ka iibsan kartaa ciyaaraha "qorigiisa" hoos amarka Flaubert. Waxyaabahani waxaa cod weyn rasaas, si fiican u difaaco eeyaha wiifto ah uma baahna ogolaansho ah ee iibka iyo xidhashada.