Reserve Orenburg: dhirta iyo xayawaanka, goobaha taariikhiga ah iyo qaddiimiga ah

Gobolka Orenburg ku yaal meelaha xuduudaha gobollada zoogeographical kala duwan iyo meelo ka. Arrimo badan oo horseeday in ay asalnimada iyo kelinimada ah ee dubato maxaliga ah.

Kaydka, hoos ilaalinta gobolka, waa waxbarasho (in ecology), cilmi baarista, sayniska, hay'adaha deegaanka. Ujeedada hawlaha ay waa loo ilaalin iyo ka baran dhaqdhaqaaqa dabiiciga ah ee geedi socodka dabiiciga ah ama ifafaale. Sidoo kale, in dhulka ee meelahan waa buuxsameen xoolaha fund hidaha ee dhirta iyo ugaarta, ku xiran ilaalinta ee jaaliyadaha gooni-goonida ah iyo noocyada of dhirta iyo ugaarta, gaar ama nidaamyada caadiga ah deegaanka dabiiciga ah. Reserve "Orenburg" - waa laga reebo lahayn.

sharaxaad guud

zone Environmental waxaa la aasaasay by afar qaybood, wadarta guud ee bedka taas oo u dhiganta 21.7 kun Ha..

Orenburg Reserve ka kooban tahay:

• "Talovskie steppe" - 3200 hektar,
• "Burtinskaya steppe" - 4500 hektar,
• "Aytuarskuyu steppe" - 6753 hektar,
• "Aschisayskuyu steppe" - 7200 hektar.

All zones waxaa lagu abaabulaa qiyaastii at loolka isku. Longtitude ay kala tageen midba midka kale by 240, 380 iyo 75 km. Tani qaybsanaanta dhul-ogol yahay in ay si buuxda u soo bandhigaan noocyada aasaasiga ah ee muuqaalkii laga helay deel ee gobolka Orenburg ah.

History of abuurka

The qorshaha ugu horeysay ee ururka ee aagga la ilaaliyo ayaa la horumariyo dib ee labaataneeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Laakiin in 1975 ay bilaabeen inay la fulin. wadadii uu u adeegay sidii daraasad ah mid ka mid ah guutadii wax ka, iyada oo sababtu tahay wixii lagu ogaado dhulka steppe qiraysaa ee gobolka Orenburg ah. Ugu dambeyntii, reserve ee la aasaasay 1989.

zone cimilada

On dhulka taliya cimilada qaaradda qalalan. Heerkulka celceliska 2.5 ° C. Muddada uu baraf-free ah reserve waa 130 maalmood. roobab The celceliska sannadlaha ah waa 390mm.

Aytuarskaya steppe

Dalka degan meel ka mid ah 6753 hektar, waxa uu ku yaalaa on bangiga bidix ee webiga. Ural Mountains, oo ku taala xuduuda dalka our la Kazakhstan. Ilaa 60-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay in ka badan deel of this ahaayeen laba mudac Kazakh suubban. Steppe iyo seere ah wadooyin loo isticmaalaa sida hayfields, laakiin dhammaan howlaha dhaqaalaha ay ganaax maanta. marka laga reebo waxa uu ahaa beer faraska oo keliya, si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay soo saaraan Aytuarke tayo sare leh, waayo, koumiss.

reserve Orenburg in goobtan waxaa loo arkaa qaybta ugu buuraleyda. Waa qayb ka mid ah gacanta duubnaadaan Ural. dubato waxaa wakiil 38 noocyada xoolaha. In goobta caadi hamsters caadiga ah, faa'idada, slepushonki fudud, jiirka bjørk, pikas. Bahal waa ferrets steppe, Dawacooyinku. The ku xoortay geedihii iyo kayn Woody deggan deerada, iska daaqda ugaadha duurjoogta, ee elg.

Ballaaran 106 noocyada shimbiraha, waxaa la sheegay in 41 ka mid ah buulka ka. Ma badan Falconiformes, oo ay ku jiraan kestrel yar ah, Galaydhka saker, gorgor Imperial, shimbir, Pallid Harrier, Eagle. In zone this of reserve waxaa laga helaa bustards yar, partridges, Shimbir. Cayayaanka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay noocyo kala duwan oo ah noocyada qoran Kitaabka Cas ee Russia.

site Historical iyo qaddiimiga ah u diidan

reserve gudahood waxaa jira afar hal iyo laba tuulmo buu aaska. U dhow xuduudaha goobta wadar ahaan 16 gaari- amro.

Aschisayskaya steppe

Goobtani waxa ay ku taalaa meel ka mid ah 7200 hektar, kaas oo waa in meesha Svetlinskoye. Markii hore steppe ahayd load xoolaha daaqa xadidan, meelaha qaar loo isticmaalaa sida hay.

goobta gargaarka waa guri, guri, wax yar ka sloping. Beautiful steppe Aschisayskoy duwan siin qarar relict, Oo tiixtiix, Oo tiixtiix, ma hoos gasho durdurrada waxqabad iyo harooyinka.

hogag steppe Hydrographic yar yihiin iyo harooyinka, kuwaas oo ku xiran tahay mugga buuxintii oo biyo ah vernal diiriyay ah. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid leeyihiin qaab a fekrado. Tani waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu quruxda badan, taas oo ku faantaa reserve dabiiciga ah "Orenburg".

In la ilaaliyo in arrintan?

On dhulka dul fidiyey 20 nooc oo nuujiya, 53 nooc oo shimbiraha xilliga kulaylaha. Ka mid ah wakiilo ka dubato (duur), noocyada ugu caan ku yihiin Dabagaale yar, adhidibadeed, polecat steppe, marmot, dawacada. Haaddana waxaa go'aansanay in loo qoondeeyo Belladonna, gorgor steppe, lark. harooyinka Steppe buul Ogar, iyo haadbiyoodda, caanaqubta.

Taxadiri qiimo taariikheed iyo qaddiimiga ah

On dhulka reserve waxaa ku taallo ciid ah, kuwaas oo, sida laga soo xigtay cilmi, iska qolooyinka reer guuraa Dr Makumbe daahay. Sarajooggeeduna waa 1 m, dhexroor - 20 m.

Burtinskaya steppe

Goobta uu ku yaal aagga Preduralsky Orenbuzhya degan meel ka mid ah 4,500 Ha. Steppe inta lagu jiro xilligii Soviet qayb ahaan ku shaqeeya sida hay. aag-dhuleed waxay ka kooban tahay cusbada iyo seere ah wadooyin, harooyinka karst Koskol.

steppe wuxuu ku yaalaa ku Urals bariga sidaas daraaddeed foredeep buur ah soo bandhigay iyo dhaceen sloping dhul. muuqaalka Modern bilaabay inuu formation in Pliocene ah meeshii bannaanka. foomka ugu weyn oo biyo ah kala banka ahaa Mueldy.

The dhagaxyada xukuma matalayo aqlabayadii polymictic cas qaaradda. dhagaxyada Ciid-sameynta waa kala duwan. On dalcadaha yaacday ilaa iyo qabow yihiin kayd joogo eluvial ah texture culus.

goobta gudahood shaaca ka qaaday toban kala duwan ee ciidda. The salaysan ciidda ka dhigi ciidda koonfurta madow asal ah. kaabiga humus The gaadho ku saabsan 38 cm, kuna waari dhexdeeda content ee humus yimaadaa si 8%.

Shabakadda hydrographic waxaa si aad u wanaagsan u horumarsan oo lagu gartaa socodka si joogto ah. Waxaa la matalo qeybaha sare ee wabigga oo webi yar, ilaha, biyo ku meel gaar ah. In zone ilaalinta, waxaa jira laba harooyinka Koskol la soo jeedo karst. Biyaha waa slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, halkaas oo ay jiraan il Kaynar (ee steppe Burtinskaya), waa baadiyaha cajiib ah. Isha aad ku daray in ay ka soo jiidashada ugu weyn. Its degaanka ee dusha biyo ah 15 m² ah. Waa awood badan, cabsi badan nooc voklyuznogo guga ma Xayiraadda xitaa xilliga jiilaalka.

Burtinskaya steppe waxaa loo arkaa benchmark Preduralsky ah ugu dhaceen sloping, Bbc buur ah. goobta lagu soo bandhigay dooxada-dogob, mezhsyrtovo-dooxada, noocyada dhul syrt-sare.

The flora ee steppe ee loo aqoonsaday dhowr ah oo Mala'igtu xambaari iyo edemikov gornostepnyh, sida dhego yare Ural, astragalus Guelma, gornokolosnik cuncun iyo kuwa kale.

State Reserve Dabiiciga ah "Orenburg" ee steppe Burtinskaya xajisto wakiilo badan oo dhirta iyo ugaarta. noocyo kala duwan oo gaar ah oo Xoolo ah dubato kala duwan. Waxaa laga helaa dhulka ku saabsan 120 noocyada shimbiraha, oo ay ku jiraan 51 noocyada kulaylaha heysta. The wakiillo ugu caadiga ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa bustard yar, gorgor steppe, wiish demoiselle, kestrel, Belladonna, Galaydhka cas lugood, harrier, grouse madow.

Ka mid ah nuujiya ka helay 24 noocyada, dabagaalaha, marmots, faa'idada, hamsters, voles, pikas. Of xamaarato ah in la ogaadaa karaan mas steppe iyo qubo dhiiqo.

site Historical iyo qaddiimiga ah u diidan

In dhulka taallo ciid aaska, kaas oo iska leh dhaqanka Sarmatian qarniyadii VII-III. d. n. e. taallo ku yaal bannaanka u dhow Mueldy sumadda sahanka "420,9 m." Waxaa la aasaasay by tuulmooyinkii 13, laba ka mid ah, kuwaas oo si gaar ah waaweyn iyo gaaraan height ah 2.5 m dhexroor iyo 40 m tuulo kale yihiin ku dhowaad isku mid ah :. Dhererka of 0.8 m oo ballaciisu yahay ee 10 ilaa 20 m.

Talovskaya steppe

Goobta waxa uu ku yaalaa on degmada koowaad ee gobolka, waxayna ka kooban yihiin meel ka mid ah 3200 hektar. Ilaa 1988 waxaa lagu qabtay fardo daaqa oo dhexdhexaad ah, ido iyo lo '. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira daaqa a ido la dhigto xagaaga u dhow oo nabaad-ka ah ee Dhirta iyo ciidda laga helay.

Relief muuqaalka bannaanka ku kala duwan, kaas oo lagu sameeyay inta badan ee Mesozoic. nooca casriga ah ee aagga helay inta lagu jiro mudada Quaternary sarkhaansan yihiin geeddi socodka denudation in uu keeno kaca ee dhulka.

Xirrira dhagaxyada bandhigaysaa maadado badda biyaha cusbada sare ee caadiga ah. aagga la ilaaliyo waxa uu ku yaalaa at guurka ka chernozem in carradu Chestnut madow. On dalcadaha tur iyo watersheds sameeyaan yaabaa carradu dhexdhexaad calcareous.

Orenburg reserve dabiiciga ah ee steppe kala duwan Talovskaya imaanshada iyo horumariyo hydrography. shabakadaha River matalayo iyo webiyaasha gaar ah ku meel gaar ah. Waa madax webiyo iyo ala Talovaya Sadomna, dhulka gudahood, iyaga oo aan haysan socodka si joogto ah. Sidoo kale ma jiraan daliilka dhulka.

Talovskaya steppe waa deel Zavolzhskaya-Ural cabbirka. aagga dhismeedka jirka sameeyay syrt-plakor, interfluvial dhireedku iyo girder nooca-dooxada.

taxadiri Historical iyo qaddiimiga ah qayb

On dhulka jiro aaska tuuli maayo, sida la filayo dhaqanka Sarmatian. Waxaa laga heli karaa xuduud waqooyi-galbeed ee goobta at heerka 198,9 m ah. Tani waa qiimaha gaar ah qaddiimiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan reserve "Orenburg".

Agaasimaha aagga la ilaaliyo

Amarka ka mid ah Wasiirka Khayraadka Dabeeciga ah iyo Ecology ee dalka ee August 19, 2013 Agaasimihii reserve ayaa loo magacaabay Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Tani waa takhasus weyn, PhD, isuduwaha mashruuca UN Steppe ee heer gobol, casharro la xidhiidha, oo madax ka ah waaxda sharciga ee Jaamacadda Beeraha maxaliga ah, taas oo la shuraakowday Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov ka duwan xiiso daacad ah ee guusha hawlaha. Ma xirfad soo jireenka ah iyo tamarta kaydkiisu, halkan aagga la ilaaliyo oo kaliya u barwaaqoobi doonaa.

Orenburg Reserve State waa in gacmaha wanaagsan. Shaki kuma jiro ah xirfad iyo furitaankii agaasimaha cusub. Iyada oo shaqo la qabtaa reserve waxaa laga heli karaa in warbaahinta. Waxay hoosta ka geeddi socodka dabiiciga ah ee ka dhaca ee steppe ka, dhacdooyinka deegaanka, tartamada, daabacaadda iyo advertising. Sababo la reserve dabeecadda this soo jiidata dalxiisayaasha badan.

barnaamijyada dalxiiska

Marka aad booqato nooca gaarka ah u diidan dadka ma aha oo kaliya bartaan ah xaaladaha deegaanka gaarka ah ee meelaha la ilaaliyo. Intii lagu guda jiray safarka, kooxda martida ah ay ogaadaan kartaa nuglaanta badan ee xiriirka ay, si fudud destructible sarkhaansan nin.

Si aad u taariikhda, reserve tagaan karaa iyada oo afar duulimaad dalxiiska waxbarasho iyo wargelin. Tani "Xisbiyada Mucaaradku World" Trans-Urals, gobolka Trans-Volga, Urals koonfurta, Urals.

xayawaanka

Reserve "Orenburg" ayaa dubato a kaas oo waxaa loo arkaa caadiga ah ee goobta degaanka. Waxaa la wakiil ah noocyada soo socda ee xoolaha steppe:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladonna.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki iyo wixii la mid ah.

Orenburg Reserve, xayawaanka iyo dhirta, taas oo ka yar ilaalo gaar ah yihiin, sidoo kale waxaa ku jira sifo noocyada badan ee aaga kaynta kaymo. mouse Tani SOS Yurub, adhidibadeed, Lynx, kestrel, stock-qoolley, grouse, Scops guumays, xamaam qoryo. Sidoo kale, degaanka ilaalinta la deggan yahay wakiillo ka ah semi-cidla ah, gaar ahaan, SOS muddo dheer la jeexin, shimbir yar. Mararka qaarkood waxaa jira wakiil ka dhalaalaya ee noocyada Dhuldhoobo - guumaysta baraf.

territory duur Modern waa kala duwan oo xad hodan. Halkan waxaa lagu soo bandhigay nuujiya - oo ku saabsan 48 noocyada, shimbiraha - 190 nooc oo xamaarato - 7 nooc oo ah lafdhabarka - 5 nooc oo kalluun - 6 noocyada, 1,000 nooc oo cayayaanka. Orenburg Reserve, kuwaas oo sawir hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey, daryeelka deegaanka oo dhan.

Waayo, nuujiya ka mid ah toddoba nooc oo ah 23 carnivorous, - jiirka 3 - Fiidmeerta 9 - ugaadhsiga 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. About 15 noocyada xoolaha kuwanu waa wax caadi ah in dhammaan meelaha aagga la ilaaliyo. iyaga ka mid ah, marmots, dabagaalaha dhulka, voles, jiirka, lemming, jiirka bjørk, jerboa, dawacada, in Yeeyi Cunto, bakaylaha, adhidibadeed, polecat, waana fadhanfadhka, Korsak.

Flora

Reserve "Orenburg" waxaa ku jira in ka badan 600 oo noocyada ka tirsan dunida geedka. tiradaasi waxay ku saabsan tahay 40% tirada guud ee noocyada of flora koraya kasta oo garoonka ka. iyaga ka mid ah xaaladaha weyn doorka in ay yihiin khatar. In Kitaabka Cas ee dalka lagu tilmaamay inay 23 nooc oo dhirta. noocyada badan ee flora ee ku nool aagga daryeel ah, tixraac buur-steppe Petrophytes tusaale kopeechnik serebrolistny, xabo oo Ural ah, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Reserve "Orenburg" leedahay ahmiyad gaar ah u ah dalka. On dhulkeeda ay awoodaan si loo ilaaliyo nidaamka gaar ah dabiiciga ah ee Bbc zone steppe sare ah. Waa duni kaas oo ma jiraan wax welwel iyo walbahaarka, boqortooyada dabiiciga ah iyo wada noolaanshaha, kaas oo muhiim ah si loo ilaaliyo.