Phone SIM card, qalabka

SIM card - qalab kaas oo module aqoonsiga macmiilka ah. circuit Tani dhafan waxaa loogu talagalay qolalka Kaydinta aqoonsiga macmiilka mobile caalamiga ah (IMSI) iyo muhiimka ah ee la xidhiidha in loo isticmaalo aqoonsiga iyo sugida ee macaamiishu ee aaladaha telefoonada mobile (tus, taleefanka gacanta iyo kombuyuutarrada). Waxa kale oo aad keydin karaa macluumaad-kaararka SIM badan la xiriir.

Kaararka SIM yihiin had iyo jeer loo isticmaalo on telefoonada GSM qalabka CDMA loo baahan yahay oo kaliya qalabka LTE-socon cusub yihiin. Waxay sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in telefoonada satellite.

SIM-card waa qayb ka mid ah shaqo ee circuit universal dhafan (UICC), kaas oo inta badan laga sameeyey oo PVC la xiriiro isku dhafan iyo semiconductors. SIM-card, qalab kaas oo ku salaysan yahay technology digital, gudbin karaan xogta u dhexeeya qalabka mobile kala duwan.

SIM-card ka mid ah:

• lambar gaar ah serial (ICCID);
• aqoonsi caalami ah mobile (IMSI);
• sugida iyo sirta,
• macluumaadka waqti on network degaanka maxalliga ah;
• liiska adeegyada taas oo user ah ayaa heli;
• kaarka SIM phone qalab kale oo ay leedahay laba passwords: Number Personal Aqoonsiga (PIN) si loogu isticmaalo caadi ah, iyo code awdmaan shakhsiyeed (PUK ah) in lagu furo PIN ka.

Taariikhda iyo waqtiga suuqa

Markii hore format SIM ayaa lagu qeexay Isgaarsiinta Yurub Standards Institute ee faahfaahinta TS 11.11 tirada oo qeexaya guryaha jireed oo macquul ah oo ah kaarka SIM ah. Iyadoo horumarinta UMTS shaqada faahfaahinta ayaa qayb ahaan wareejiyo 3GPP ah.

Koowaad ee SIM-card waxaa la sameeyey sanadkii 1991 by saaraha Munich ee kaararka smart Giesecke & Devrient, kii wax ka iibin 300 koobi oo shaqaale ah Finnish wireless network Radiolinja.

inactivation

In heshiisyo badan oo heshiiska "bixin-tago" waxaad u baahan doontaa in ay xilliyo gaar isticmaali shubasho si looga fogaado dhacayo hawlaha account. Xilligan waxa ay ku xiran tahay wadaha shabakada, laakiin waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa muddo saddex bilood ah. Tani mararka qaar waa ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in SIM-card waa aan firfircooneyn ee shabakadda.

diiwaangelinta

dal iyo Shirkaddaha badankoodu waxay u baahan tahay aqoonsiga si aad u bilowdo adeegga, laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah laga reebo, sida Hong Kong SAR.

Sidee phone card SIM ah?

Waayo, SIM-cards waxay leedahay saddex danab shaqeeya: 5V, 3V iyo 1.8V danab hawlgalka aqlabiyad "simok" ah, ordaya ilaa 1998, wuxuu ahaa 5 V. The dambe kaararka abuuray waa la jaan qaada 3 V iyo 5 V. taageerada mararka Modern 5 V, 3 V iyo 1.8 V.

data

On SIM-cards kaydiyaa macluumaad network loo isticmaalaa in lagu sugee oo aqoonsadaan macaamiishu on shabakada. Ugu muhiimsan ee kuwanu waa ICCID, IMSI, HUBINTA Muhiimka ah (Ki), aqoonsi degaanka aagga (Lai) iyo tirada xaaladaha degdegga ah call operator.

kaarka Sim, kuwaas oo qalab ku salaysan tahay qorsheyaasha sidoo kale kaydiya xogta kale, waxay ku xiran tahay shaqaale ah, sida lambarka xarunta adeega fariimaha gaaban (ServiceServiceName SMS) ah, magaca bixiyaha adeegga (SPN), Lambarada Adeegga qolka (SDN), oo xuduudaheedu Advanceofcharge iyo codsiyada qiimaha ku daray (casri).

SIM-card la geeyn karaa in tirada xogta kala duwan ka soo 8 ilaa ugu yaraan 256 KB. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah laguu ogolaado in aad ku kaydiso ugu badnaan 250 xiriiro, laakiin haddii ay jirto version ah oo meel 32 KB 33 codes mobile network (MNC) ama "garan lahaa network", nooc ka mid ah 64 KB waa kiiska 80 MNC ah. index waxaa loo isticmaalaa by shirkadaha isgaadhsiinta in ay ku kaydiso shabakadaha fadilay, oo waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa marka SIM ma aha in network gurigaaga iyo barqiyey. Waa maxay macnaha card noocan oo kale ah qalab sim telefoonka?

Xiriiriyaha, kuwaas oo la sii daayay "kaarka sim" u isticmaali kartaa in ay ku xidhmaan aad telefoon in shabakad ka doorbido in ay isticmaalaan heshiiska ugu fiican ee ganacsi ee shirkadda hore network. Tani macnaheedu ma aha in telefoonka ka kooban SIM ah, waxa lagu xidhi karaa ilaa 33 ama 80 shabakadaha, taas oo macnaheedu yahay oo keliya in saaraha SIM-card kaliya tilmaami karaa qadarka this shabakadaha doorbiday. Haddii "Sim" waa meel ka baxsan shabakadaha ka doorbiday, u isticmaali doonaa ugu horeysay ama mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee la heli karo.

ICCID

Mid kasta oo SIM-card loo aqoonsaday heerka caalamiga ah ee aqoonsi ah Bannaanka dhafan (ICCID). ICCID kaydiyaa on kaarka SIM ah, iyo sidoo kale xardhan ama ku daabacan baakadka inta ay socoto shaqsinimo ah.

ICCID waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa ka talo-qaato lambarada E.118 ITU-T sida Primary ah. Its khariidad ku salaysan yahay ISO / IEC ee 7812. Sida laga soo xigtay tirada E.118 waxay noqon kartaa ilaa 22 lambar oo ay ku jiraan god jeeg saaraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo geynta Luhn ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Phase GSM 1 qeexay sida dhererka ICCID 10 octets (20 lambar) qaabka gaar ah oo shaqaale ah.

International Mobile macmiilka Aqoonsiga (IMSI)

SIM-card waxaa loo aqoonsaday in shirkadaha isgaadhsiinta shaqsi iyada oo aqoonsiga gaar ah oo caalami ah macmiilka mobile (IMSI). Wadayaasha of network mobile ku xiran ee telefoon mobile iyo dhaafsadaan SIM-cards ay suuqa ay IMSI. Ay format soo socda.

The saddex lambar ugu horeysay matalo Country Code Mobile ah (MCC).

The soo socda laba ama saddex lambar yihiin xeerka mobile network (MNC). codes MNC Saddex-god ogol yahay E.212, laakiin waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in Maraykanka iyo Kanada.

Tirooyinka soo socda u matalaan lambarka aqoonsiga macmiilka mobile ah (MSIN). Sida caadiga ah waa 10 lambar, laakiin qiimaha ay noqon doontaa wax ka yar in ay dhacdo MNC saddex lambar ama haddii xeerarka qaranka ayaa tilmaamaya in dhererka guud ee IMSI waa in ay ka yar 15 lambar. All of tirooyinkan kala duwan ee dalka in ay dalka, sidaa darteed waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan ee kaarka jidka diyaarin SIM ah. Nidaamku waa heerka isku mid ah iyo warshadda, farqiga kaliya ee lagu arkay macluumaadka diiwaan.

muhiimka ah sugida The (Ki)

Kni - waa qiimaha 128-yara in loo isticmaalaa in lagu sugee ee SIM-cards ee GSM mobile network (USIM network aad weli u baahan Ki ah, laakiin waxay u baahan tahay oo xuduudaheedu kale). In kasta oo dukaamada SIM-card Ki gaar ah, loo qoondeeyey by operator lagu jiro geedi socodka shaqsinimo ah. Doorashadan waxa sidoo kale waxaa lagu kaydiyaa database a (yeedhay xarunta sugida ah, ama midowga afrika) ee network bixiyaha adeegga.

ma kaarka SIM iftiinka kuwa kor ku xusan Sidee? Waxaa loogu talagalay in hab sida in ay ka fogaadaan helitaanka Ki leh interface a card smart ah. Halkii, ee SIM-card bixisaa shaqada "Start GSM-geynta", kaas oo u ogolaanaya telefoonka in xogta u gudbinayaan ah "kaarka sim", taas oo waa in la saxiixaa la Ki. Tani waa fikrad ee samaynta isticmaalka kaarka SIM waa haddii Ki ma laga saari karo ka-SIM card ama operator waxay doonaysaa inay fiddo doorashadan. In dhaqanka, isku geynta ee sirta GSM xisaabinta SRES_2 (eeg. Tallaabada 4 ee hoose) ee Ki leeyahay dayacanka gaar ah in loo ogolaan karin in dib u soo kabashada ee qiimaha this la "kaararka SIM" iyo abuuro SIM-card labalaabka.

habka sugida The

Marka qalabka mobile waxaa bilowday, waxaa hela aqoonsiga macmiilka mobile (IMSI) SIM-card caalami ah oo u soo diro si operator mobile codsanaya helitaanka iyo sugida. qalabka Mobile gudbin kartaa PIN-code kaarka SIM ka hor furi doonaa macluumaadka.

Aqoonsiga aagga goobta

dukaamada SIM shabakadda macluumaadka gobolka, kaas oo la helay aqoonsi aagga goobta (Lai). ka shaqeeya Network kala qaybsan yihiin goobaha goobta, kuwaasoo mid walba uu leeyahay tiro Lai gaar ah. Marka qalabka badala goobta, waxaa qabaneysa Lai cusub ee SIM-card, iyo dib u soo diro si network shaqaale ee meesha cusub. Haddii qalabka soconayan shaqeeya, waxaa soo saaro doonaa xogta ka "Sims" oo raadi Lai hore. On shaqo gaar ah iyo qaar ka mid ah cayayaanka kaarka SIM ah.

SMS-fariimaha iyo xiriirada

SIM-cards Most fulin waaya doona in uu kaydiyo xaddi gaar ah oo SMS-fariimaha iyo xiriirada buugga telefoonnada. Nala Xiriir ku kaydsan yihiin oo laba laba fudud "magaca iyo lambarka": diiwaanada ay ku jiraan taleefanno badan iyo lambarrada telefoonka ee dheeraad ah waxaa sida caadiga ah ma lagu kaydiyaa it on. Xaaladaha noocan oo kale ah waxay bixiyaan qalabka kaarka SIM ah. Nala Xiriir la badbaadin karaa waa mid xadidan. Tusaale ahaan, marka user a isku dayo in uu nuqul ka diiwaanada sida ee "kaarka sim" software phone kala qaybinaya galay diiwaanka dhowr, qubaan wax macluumaad ah oo aan ahayn Lambarka telefoonka.

Number of xiriirada badbaadiyey iyo farriimo ku xiran tahay-SIM card. daydo Early ku urursan doonaa guud ahaan shan fariimaha iyo 20 xiriirada halka kaararka SIM casriga ah sida caadiga ah keydin karaa in ka badan 250 alaabta.

kaarka SIM: ku qalab iyo qaabab

Muddo sanado ah, horumarinta SIM-card u noqday yaryar, iyo ka shaqeynayaan ma ku xidhan tahay qaabka. Waayo, a size-full "Simcoe" raacay by a mini-SIM, micro-SIM iyo Nano-SIM. Maanta waxay xitaa dhisay qalabka.

-Size Full SIM-card

card-size Full SIM (ama 1ff, foomka factor 1aad) qaab factor ugu horeysay. Waxay leedahay size of credit card (85,60 × 53,98 × 0,76 mm). Later, yar "Sims" waxaa inta badan lagu iibiyaa size buuxa dhisay-map, kaas oo ay la riixay karo.

Mini-SIM

mini-SIM Map (ama 2FF) waxay leeyihiin qorshaha xiriir la mid ah sida kaarka SIM buuxda xajmi-, oo waxaa sida caadiga ah bixisey in adabtarada size-full ee ku lifaaqan ku daraa xubnaha xigay. nidaamka Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa isticmaalkeeda ee hay'adaha iyo u baahan kaarka buuxa iyo qalab, u baahan a mini-SIM-card (ka dib markii la dillaacaan ee isku xirta xubno). Tan iyo dhererka buuxa "Simca" waxaa mar dambe loo isticmaalo, waratada qaar ka mid ah soo wac this caadiga ah foomka factor ama joogto ah SIM-card.

Micro-SIM

micro-SIM Map (ama 3FF) ayaa dhumucdiisuna waxay la mid ah iyo meesha uu xiriiro, laakiin waxaa la kala duwanaayeen dherer ka yar iyo width.

format Micro-SIM la soo bandhigay by Isgaarsiinta Yurub Standards Institute (ETSI) loogu rakibo in qalabka in aad u yar yihiin, waayo, a mini-SIM-card. factor Form lagu sheegay in kooxda 3GPP SMG9 UMTS ku shaqeeya, kaas oo jidhka oo dhigaya heerarka ee GSM SIM-card, in December 1998, oo markii dambe la isku raacay by dhamaadka sanadkii 2003.

Micro-SIM ayaa loogu talagalay waafaqid dib ugu. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee ay ahayd meel lagala xiriiro chip ah. Badbaadinayo isla aagga xiriirka u ogolaanaya ah micro-SIM in ay la jaan hore, akhristaha SIM-cards weyn iyadoo la isticmaalayo noqtay caag ah. qalab ayaa waxaa sidoo kale loogu talagalay inay ku shaqeeyaan xawaare la mid ah (5 MHz) sida version hore. size isla iyo Jagada xiriirada keentay in Casharrada badan, iyo videos YouTube tilmaamaha faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan sida loo gooyay-SIM-card mini ee size micro-SIM. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ficil guriga mararka qaarkood waxay gaaraan xaqiiqada ah in ay sabab u tahay kaarka SIM ah ma u dhigma qalabka ama xataa buray.

Nano-SIM

Map Nano-SIM (ama 4FF) ayaa lagu soo bandhigay October 11, 2012, markii kuwa bixiya adeegyada mobile ee dalal kala duwan waxay bilaabeen inay u keento ee telefoonada taageera format this. Nano-SIM ayaa dhinacyada 12.3 × 8.8 × 0,67 mm iyo hoos u format hore in meesha xiriir ah, iyadoo la ilaalinayo hawlaha jira. qar A yar oo qalabada wax weli agagaarka xiriir ah in ay ka fogaadaan wareeggeedii gaaban. Nano-SIM leeyahay oo dhumucdiisuna waxay a of 0,67 mm marka loo eego 0.76 mm ee ka horreeyay. kaarka 4FF waxaa lagu qori karaa adabtarada loo isticmaalo qalabka loogu talagalay SIM-cards 2FF ama 3FF, oo taas uga dhigay reer khafiif ah, laakiin shirkado badan oo telefoonka ha ku talinaynaa.

Iphone 5, sii daayay bishii September ee 2012, waxay ahayd aalad ugu horeysay ee isticmaala shaqeysiin kaararka SIM Nano, kaas oo uu soo raacay by telefoonada kale.

jiilka soo socda ee cusub ee kaararka SIM yeedhay ESIM ama eSIM (embeddedSIM), taas oo jab a non-badeli dhafan ee xirmadan SON-8 - si toos ah soldered guddiga Bannaanka. Waxa ay awoodaan in ay M2M iyo fogfog helaan ka-SIM card noqon doonaa.