'Organophosphates': codsiga, tallaabooyinka iyo qoreysa mabda '. sumowga organophosphate, gargaarka degdegga ah

'Organophosphates' yihiin qaybaha kiimikada, kaas oo loogu talagalay in ay dilaan haramaha, cayayaanka iyo jiirka.

cayayaanka Kuwan waxaa loo ma aha oo kaliya in beeraha, laakiin sidoo kale nolol maalmeedka. noocyo badan oo ka mid FOS aadka sun ah oo keeni karaan sumayn khatar ah by xammil labada jirka gudihiisa iyo in xiriir la xabka sanka iyo indhaha, oo xataa maqaarka dhawrsan.

Statistics FOS sumowga

sarkhaan Xiisad by xeryahooda organophosphorus ahaantii qaadataa meesha ugu horeysa ee ka mid ah sumowga exogenous cuf kale ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale by noqnoqoshada. Kicinta sumowga sida uu yahay ku dhawaad 20%, halka inta jeer ee - ku saabsan 15% dhammaan kiisaska sarkhaan. Of danta waa xaqiiqda ah in daawo khaas for sumowga organophosphate waa khamriga. In bukaanka ku jiray xaalad ah wanataas ba'an waqtiga khubad la sunta cayayaanka, cudurka waa fududdahay (gariir iyo paresis oo ka mid ah murqaha-mareenka aan la heli karo). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xanuunada hemodynamic waxaa laga yaabaa in inta badan sameysa.

sababaha suuragalka ah ee lagu sumoobo la sunta cayayaanka

sumowga organophosphate waxaa laga yaabaa in ay sabab u tahay shaqada iyo dhacaan sabab u maaraysay aan habboonayn ee walxaha sunta ah. Dayacaad ka mid ah ama in ka badan waxay keeni kartaa ma aha oo kaliya lagu sumoobo dhab ah naftooda, laakiin sidoo kale keeni sarkhaan mass.

Waxaa intaas dheer in this, sumeeyey by xeryahooda organophosphorus la xidhan karo dabiiciga ah maalin kasta. Sababaha shilalka noqon kartaa kala duwan, tusaale ahaan:

• ma laha calaamado on weelasha dareere sun ah, kaydiyaa at home (qofka qaadan kartaa sunta gudaha si qalad ah ama si ula kac ah ujeeddo ah wanataas);
• kaydinta of cayayaanka in aysan carruurta (carruurta ay dabiicadda ka yihiin kuwo aad u cajiib ah, oo xitaa haddii weel of kiimikooyin sun ah loogu kala saxiixan doonaa, ilmo yar oo weli cabi karaan dareere ah halis ah iyo hesho sumowga ba'an);
• ku fashilmeen in ay u hoggaansamaan xeerarka badbaadada (dayacaad ka dhigan tahay ilaalinta marka loo adeegsaday walxaha qoyska sun ah, sida maaskarada siigada, galoofyo, ookiyaale, dharka la xiranayo).

Marka xarunta organophosphorus in qiyaasood oo waaweyn gudahood jidhka bini'aadamka ku dhici, waxay keeni karaan lesions qaybo kala duwan ee nidaamka dhexe ee habdhiska, jidkuna neuritis, curyaannimo iyo cawaaqib kale oo halis ah, oo ay ku jirto dhimasho.

Qoondaynta xeryahooda organophosphorus on sumoobo ah

• ugu sun ah - cayayaanka thiophos ku salaysan, Metaphos, merkaptofosa, octamethyl;
• sun - daroogada ku saleysan demeton-s-methyl, phosphamide, dichlorophosphate;
• srednetoksichnye - trichlorfon, malathion, metilnitrofos iyo cayayaanka ku salaysan iyaga on, iyo sidoo kale sayfos, cyanophos, tribufos;
• low-sumoobo - demufos, bromophos, temephos.

Calaamadaha khubad FOS

Sida laga soo xigtay heerka uu sumowga of cuf kala qaybsan yihiin 3-da heer. sumowga organophosphate Clinic waa sida soo socota:

sarkhaan khafiif ah (I martigelin):

• cadhoodaan psychomotor iyo dareen cabsi;
• neefta oo ku qabata;
• ardayda u furmo (miosis);
• xanuun caydi caloosha;
• kordhay dhareerka iyo matag,
• madax xanuun daran;
• cadaadiska dhiigga ee sareeya,
• dhidid miidhan;
• hinraagid.

At foomka dhexdhexaad ah (II stage):

• cadhoodaan waxaa lagu sugi karaa ama si tartiib ah u bedelay Iscelin, iyo mararka qaarkood - iyo kooma,
• miosis calaamadeysan, ardayga oo ay iftiinka ugu soo jawaabi waydo,
• maximally mariyo calaamadaha hyperhidrosis (dhareerka (candhuufta), dhidid, bronhoreya (xaakada ka hawomareenno) gaarsiiyaa);
• fibrillar rafanayey daboolkoodana lulo, muruqyada laabta, lugaha, iyo mararka qaarkood oo dhan muruqyada,
• muuqaalka wareegsan murqaha jirka total hyper, gariir tonic,
• u xuub-kordhisaa waa ohyahay ee xabadka;
• cadaadiska dhiigga gaaro qaab ciyaareed ugu badnaan (250/160);
• saxarooda khasabka ah iyo kaadida, Ulasocto tenesmus daran (hawadooda beenta ah).

sumoobo daran (III stage):

• bukaanka ku dhacaa kooma ah oo qoto dheer,
• All hummaag la daciifiyay ama gebi ahaanba ka maqan;
• hypoxia daran;
• dhawaaqaa miosis;
• ilaalinta calaamadaha hyperhidrosis;
• beddelka hypertonus muruqa ah, miofibrillyatsii iyo garaac tonic Nasashada murqaha ninkii curyaanka ahaa;
• qoto dheer Neefta si adag u niyad-jabsan iyo inta jeer ee neef yihiin aan joogto ahayn, waa curyaannimo neefsashada suurtogalka ah;
• garaaca wadnaha loo dhigi in tilmaamayaasha muhiimka ah (40-20 min.);
• tachycardia wanaajiyey (in ka badan 120 garaac halkii min.);
• cadaadiska dhiigga sii wadaan in ay ku dhici;
• horumarinta encephalopathy sun la barar iyo hemorrhages diapedetic badan oo nooca la doorbidayo isku qasan, ay sabab u tahay curyaannimo oo ka mid ah murqaha-mareenka iyo Iscelin of xarunta neefsashada;
• maqaarka oo jir- libdhi muuqataa dhiigrooraan (maqaarka iyo xub-axaleedka noqdaan midabka buluug).

Cawaaqibka cayayaanka fosfooraska sumowga

Marka jidhka dhici xeryahooda organophosphorus, gargaarka degdegga ah si dhakhso ah u siin jiray iyo si sax ah, waa mid ka mid ah sababaha aasaasiga ah in la go'aamiyo koorsada dheeraad ah cudurka. FOS cudurka sarkhaan waa mid fudud in wax saaray sawir caafimaad oo caan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in natiijada wanaagsan ama dhibbanaha dhinto, inteeda badan ku xiran on dabagal caafimaad.

Sababo la sumoobo sare xeryahooda organophosphorus markii daama waxba ha yeelina hagaajin ku dhowaad dhammaan xubnaha muhiimka ah iyo nidaamka. In xiriir this, xitaa natiijo wanaagsan ay si buuxda u soo celin shaqo ee xubnaha qaarkood ay ku guuldareysteen.

Waxaa ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka, kaasoo inta badan la socda sarkhaan daran by xeryahooda organophosphorus ka mid ah pneumonia, garaaca wadnaha iyo tabinta wadnaha, psychosis walax-laaluusheen foomka ba'an, iwm

cudurka

Inta lagu jiro dhowrkii maalmood ee ugu horreeya ka dib markii sumeeyey, bukaanka ku jiro xaalad dhab ah waxaa keeno wadnaha iyo burburkii. Markaas yimaado magdhow tartiib ah iyo hagaajinaysaa caafimaadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 2-3 toddobaad kadib, waxaa suurto gal ah horumarinta polyneuropathy sun daran. Xaaladaha qaarkood, geedi socodka laga yaabaa in lagu lug tiro ka mid ah dareemayaasha cranial.

Inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo polyneuropathy dambe ku filan dheer, mararka qaar ay la socdaan xanuunada dhaqdhaqaaq joogto ah. Soo Celinta hawlaha habdhiska ka durugsan waa xun. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inuu dhaco laabashada xanuunada ba'an, sida dhibaatada cholinergic. Sababtuna waxay tahay, in xarunta organophosphorus shubo "saaray" ka unugyada kala duwan ee nidaamka wareegga dhiigga.

daaweynta

Marka ay dhacdo in lagu sumoobo daran by xeryahooda organophosphorus, gargaarka degdegga ah waa in ka mid ah nadiifinta dagaal badan ee marinka dheef shiidka iyadoo lavage gastric isticmaalaya diuresis baaritaan lagu qasbay ah, iwm, dayactirka Neefta iyo isticmaalka lidka-gaar ah. Dheeraad ah, adag oo ka mid ah dib u soo kicinta, oo ay ku jiraan dawooyin, loogu talagalay dayactirka iyo dib u soo celinta hawlaha jidhka waxyeello, oo ay ku jiraan tallaabooyin si loo soo celiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa wadnaha, daaweynta xanuunada homeostasis iyo shoog exotoxic.

Dib u soo celinta shaqada neefsashada

xeryahooda Organophosphorus xanniban ee jirka ee u tiro badan, sida caadiga ah waxay sababaan in neefsigu, sababa dheecaan xad-dhaaf ah cunaha, iyo curyaannimo bronchoconstriction murqaha neefsashada. In xidhiidh la leh this, waxa ugu horeeya ee ah in dhakhaatiirta ay isku dayayaan in ay sameeyaan - waa in la soo celiyo marinka hawada iyo in la hubiyo in hawo ku filan. In joogitaanka vomitus badan iyo dheecaan cunaha, khuseysaa Doonidba (qaadashada oo cabitaanno ah by vacuum). In lagu sumoobo ba'an FOS kicinta ka mid ah intubation endotracheal, hawo farsamo.

therapy fiqiira

safeners Codsiga (lidka) waa qayb muhiim ah oo dawooyin degdegga ah ee lagu sumoobo ba'an. Daroogooyinka in kooxdan saamayn kinetics ee ku yaala jirka ka mid ah walxaha sunta ah, waxay bixiyaan ay nuugista ama baabi'inta, saamayn hoose on receptors sun hortago metabolize khatar ah oo la baabi'iyo xanuunada halista ah ee hawlaha jidhka muhiim ah, ay sababeen sarkhaan.

Fiqiira for sumowga by xeryahooda organophosphorus wada qaaday daawooyin kale oo gaar ah. Dawooyin lagu qabtay barbar kicinta guud iyo tallaabooyin daweynta detoxifying.

Waa in la xusuusnaado in ay jiraan waa wax macquul ma ah kicinta degdeg ah, nolosha dhibbanaha la badbaadin karaa xeryahooda organophosphorus daawo oo keliya, iyo si degdeg ah waxaa la soo bandhigay, fursad fiican dhibbanaha noqon doonaa natiijo wanaagsan cudurka.

dirka lidka

Lidka waxaa loo kala saaraa afar kooxood:

• astaamaha (pharmacological);
• lagmamaarmaanna u (toxicokinetic);
• kiimikada (toksikotropnye);
• antitoxic Immunopreparat.

Marka calaamadaha ugu horeeya ee lagu sumoobo organophosphate, weli in dhibbanaha dogospitalizatsii tallaabo, iyo codsan fiqiira kooxaha toksikotropnoy astaamaha, tan iyo markii ay leeyihiin ay calaamad cad u isticmaalka. Diyaargaraw tallaabo toxicokinetic u baahan tahay u hogaansanaanta adag in tilmaamaha, maxaa yeelay, dhakhaatiirta ambulance ma had iyo jeer si sax ah loo ogaado kartaa tilmaamo ah si ay u isticmaalaan. Antitoxic Immunopreparat loo adeegsaday hay'ad caafimaad.

therapy gaar ah in lagu sumoobo ba'an by xeryahooda organophosphorus

dhacdooyinka Complex ka kooban isticmaalaya anticholinergics (daawooyinka nooca atropine) isku dhafan oo reactivator cholinesterase ah. Saacaddaas ugu horeysay ka dib markii isbitaal sameeyay atropine degdeg ah. Atropine in qiyaasood oo waaweyn waxaa intravenously maamula in gargaarka oo ka mid ah calaamadaha hyperhidrosis heli karo. sidoo kale waa in calaamadaha badinta daroogada daciif ah, ayaa muujiyay maqaarka qalalan iyo tachycardia dhexdhexaad ah.

Si ay u ilaaliyaan dawladda this of atropine waxaa si joogta ah ay maamusho, laakiin in qiyaasood oo yar yar. atropinization taageero abuuraa Go'doominta joogto ah nidaamyada m-cholinoreactive waxyeello tallaabo anti-daroogada jirka ee acetylcholine waqtiga loo baahan yahay in burburinta iyo baabi'inta ee sunta.

cholinesterase Reaktivatory Modern awoodaan in ay si waxtar leh xoojin cholinesterase la dulmay iyo takhalusi xeryahooda fosfooraska kala duwan. In fulinta therapy gaar ah la socdo dhaqdhaqaaqa si joogto ah cholinesterase.