Old idaacadaha USSR, photos, jaantus. radio Best USSR

Waa xilliga Soviet ahaa ugu xumaa ee caan ah idaacadaha iyo gramophones kala duwan. Doorashada ahaa run ahaantii weyn, iyo noocyo badan oo si joogto ah dib u habaynta, soo hagaagtay. Waa maxay radio ugu fiican ee USSR ah? Maxay yihiin astaamaha kuwa sano technology guud ahaan? Isku day inaad si ay u fahmaan.

A yar oo taariikh

The helaya tube marka hore u muuqday in USSR ee 30-mada ay qarnigii XX. Habka ugu horeysay uu ahaa "Record", kaas oo la horumariyo by warshad radio samaynta Alexander ee 1944. Taas ka dib bilaabay daydo wax soo saarka serial, kaas oo socday ilaa 1951. aqbalana labaad ayaa ah 7-tube noqday "Moskvich", taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma ahayn oo caan ah sababta oo ah qiimaha sare iyo xalalka design adag. Waxaa la waqtigan, waxaa la siiyey hawsha si ay u horumariyaan radio a in la noqon karta tiro. Sidaas, mar hore in 1949 oo la sii daayay in xaddiga badan 71,000 oo gogo ', iyo in sano ah - ku dhowaad 250,000.

The aqbalana ganacsiga weyn ku yimaado hoos magaca "Moskvich", iyo waxa uu isla markiiba noqday caan ah. Waxa intaa dheer in qiimaha la awoodi karo, oo uu ku kala duwanaayeen guryaha koronto wanaagsan, ka soo shaqeeyay kala duwan oo la ruxruxo dhexdhexaad ah oo dheer, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la kaliya maqlay hadalka wanaagsan.

lagu daydo la qaadi karo

aqbalana ugu horeeyay ee Soviet qaadi karo muuqday badan ka dib - 1961. Dhacdadani waxa ay ahayd sabab ah, marka hore, la alifay ee transistors Semiconductor, taas oo loo ogol yahay ma aha oo kaliya in la yareeyo tirada qalabka, laakiin sidoo kale loo yareeyo isticmaalka awooda. Marka labaad, nolosha bulshada noqday more deeqsi ah, marka dadka waxaa loo baahan yahay in raadiyaha la qaadi karo, taas oo aan loo baahan yahay in la diiwaan geliyo xafiiska boostada iyo bixiyo lacagta bil kasta. dadka isticmaala badan ayaa ka bixitaanka lagu daydo la qaadi karo aad u faraxsan, maxaa yeelay, waxay qaadan kartaa tug ah iyo meel kasta oo kale, si aad u maqashid barnaamijyada aad ugu jeceshahay.

Idaacada ugu horeysay ee transistor la qaadi karo oo la odhan jiray "Festival" ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay oo lagu sharfayo Festival ee 1957 International Dhalinyarada iyo Ardayda Moscow. shirkii reer model this ahayd mid ku salaysan sagaalka transistors, oon ku helo gudbinta saldhigyada, oo ka shaqeeya la ruxruxo dhexdhexaad ah. model Power waxaa fuliyey by batari toosh, kaas oo shaqayn karaan oo aan bedelka shan iyo labaatan saacadood.

50-60s

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay da'doodu ka dahab ah ee tube radio ee Midowga Soofiyeeti si sax ah u dhacay on 1950. Waxay ahayd markaa in bilaabay inuu la soo saaray mashiinada tayo sare leh, taas oo sidoo kale laga iibsan karaa qiimaha la awoodi karo. Oo saarayaasha tartanka horumarinta wareeggeedii iyo sanduuqyada qalabka. Maanta, idaacadaha ururinta Soviet Union - waa hiwaayad in istaahilaa ixtiraam, maxaa yeelay, lagu daydo ugu waxaa loo tixgeliyaa rarities, waxay kaliya ma iibsan kartaa.

In 1960 waxay ahayd idaacadaha circuit-design iyo xalalka design ama caalami. Oo wakhtigaas, waxaa jiray dhab jaban habka wax soo saarka oo kaliya mass, sidaas qaateyaasha ah waxay bilaabeen in ay eegaan oo ku saabsan la mid ah. design ahayn oo kaliya eegay murugo, sida dhawaaqa qalaad, maxaa yeelay, halkii tayada dalka la go'aamiyay in la siiyo doorashada si alaab qiimo jaban. Malaha ah idaacadaha ugu fiican ee USSR ah - a "iidda", mugga iyo kala duwan oo la dhigay kartaa fog isticmaalaya gacanta fog. Ka fiirso helaya kuwa ugu caansan ee sano iyo sifooyinka design ay.

"Star-54" (1954)

aqbalana tube waxaa la sii daayay in Kharkov iyo Moscow, oo taasuna waxay ahayd dhacdo weyn oo muddo sanado ah kuwa. Sharxay muhiimadda ay leedahay oo ay ku jiraan xaqiiqada ah in ka mid ah qalabka ugu maqlaan iyo sugeysayna dhab ahaan waa isku mid kasta oo kale, waxaa jiray wax cusub oo cusub. muuqaalka kore ee radio this ayaa wax ku ool ah ku tilmaamay wargeysyada iyo majaladaha. Waxay diiradda on xaqiiqada ah in "The Star-54" - ifafaale cusub ee raadiyaha maxalliga ah, ka dhigay mid aad u kala duwan, sida ka soo horjeeda waxyaabaha laga keeno, kaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad tiro yar ayaa aragtay, design iyo siinaysaa rajo iftiinka iyo nolol cusub.

Dhab ahaantii, raadiyaha Soviet shisheeye ku dhowaad si buuxda u soo noqnoqda qadanayo, sii daayay France laba sano ka hor. Sida uu galay Ururka, waxaa lama yaqaan. Inta lagu jiro 1954 "Star" waxaa soo saaray in Kharkov iyo Moscow, iyo model waxaa si joogto ah la casriyeeyay. Cibaaro ka muujiyay in lagu daydo jiifku toosan, fududaynta geedi socodka, iyo in edition versions cagaaran, iyo kuwo gaduud, aqbalana cas ayaa la sii daayay, sabab qaar ka mid ah oo dheeraad ah. guryaha waxaa ku tuntay ka aaladaha birta, dahaadhay ku nickel codsatay iyo multilayer varnishing. Marka la dhigaayo wareeggeedii radio USSR isticmaalay tuubooyinka radio noocyada kala duwan, taas oo uu bixiyo wax soo saarka ah xoog ku magacaaban 1.5 watts.

"Voronezh" (1957)

radio Tube "Voronezh" ku salaysnayd model batteriga, laakiin version cusub waxaa kaabaya kiiska iyo qalfoofka. qalab ayaa waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ka shaqeeyaan in ay mawjadaha dheer oo dhexdhexaad ah, oo uu samaacad ku firfircoon waxaa ka mid ah wax soo saarka. caag ah loo isticmaalo si ay u sameeyaan kiiska. Sida circuit radio ee USSR ah, gaar ahaan, nooc ka mid ah "Voronezh-28" aqbasho aqbalana halkan untuned, iyo kordhiyo loo isticmaalo la wareegeen meel soco wareegi anode ah.

"Dvina" (1955)

radio Network tube "Dvina", horumariyo Riga ku salaysan laambadihii farta naqshado kala duwan. Waxaa intaa dheer, waqtiga arrintan of model this ahaayeen unugyada caadiga ah iyo unugyada jiifku. Mid ka mid ah feature ee qalabka - biiro fure, Rotary antenna magnetic gudaha iyo Dipole gudaha ah. Fiiro gaar ah in idaacadaha jir ah oo USSR ah, kuwaas oo waxaa iska lahaa class II iyo wixii ka sarreeya waxay leeyihiin afar hadla. Ogsoonow in Wasaaradda warshadaha elektarooniga ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa samaysay shaqada, sida ay taas waa in lagu abuuray 15 daydo qalabka, taas oo markii danbe u baxay inuu Exhibition adduunka ee Brussels, oo sannad ka dib - in New York.

idaacadaha transistor Popular

Sida aan ku sheegay, lagu daydo, kuwaas oo u muuqday xoogaa ka dib, iyo wax soo saarka ugu horeysay ee noocan oo kale ah uu ahaa "Festival". Muddo dheer guusha ugu weyn ee Midowga ahaayeen kaliya idaacadaha transistor ee USSR ah, sida ay u oggolaan inay helaan ilo kale oo macluumaad, kuwaas oo lagu kala qaado by Idaacadaha reer galbeedka. calaamadaha ugu horeeya la xiriirinaya Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo West ah, waxay ahayd "Spidola", taas oo ah ma aha oo kaliya si fiican u sii daayey baahin barnaamijyada galbeedka, laakiin sidoo kale kuu ogolaanayaa inaad muusiko dhegayso in ka dhawaajisay in hawada, ma aha oo kaliya Soviet.

"Spidola" ayaa la bilaabay in 60meeyadii hore ee samaynta geedka Riga iyo dhirta ka mid ah shaqada si ay u abuuraan transistor ma siin. Oo xitaa ma qorsheeyay wax soo saarka mass. Laakiin sababta oo ah illiquidity ee lagu daydo ilayska, oo waxaa ka buuxsamay bakhaarada, looga baahan yahay abuurista wax is haysta oo ku haboon. Iyo "Spidola" waxay ahayd jidka ...

The idaacadaha transistor hore ee USSR, kaas oo la sii daayey ee wax soo saarka mass, isla markiiba noqday caan ah, marna duugowday on khaanadaha iyo yeedhi Jiray dadka dabaqadda dhexe. Ilaa waqti isku mid ah waxay bilaabeen inay in loo gacangeliyo warshad idaacadaha transistor Leningrad. Qalabkaas waxaa loo yaqaan "Neva" oo waxay ku salaysan tahay lix transistors iyo diode Semiconductor. Waxay waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay qaataan gudbinta saldhigyada baahinta gudahood kala duwan ee hirarka dheer oo dhexdhexaad ah. Waxaan la firfircoon uga horumarsan iyo raadiyeyaasha transistor jeebka, kuwaas oo markii danbe la sii daayay horay caadiga ah.

"Wave" (1957)

radio Tube "Wave" bilaabeen in la soo saaray 1957 Izhevsk Radio. Waxaa xusid mudan in radio this USSR on warshad diiqid soo saaray oo ugu horreeya oo dhan in qadarka 50 gogo '. Design ahaa laba nooc - kiis alwaax ama caag ah, nadaam aad u yar, oo waxay noqdeen wax soo saarka ah mass ee alaabta caag ah ayaa la soo saaray ee kala duwan ee ka samaysan alwaax.

aqbalana ee taariikhda waxa uu ahaa mid taariikhda ku farxo, tusaale ahaan, at Exhibition aduunka, oo lagu qabtay magaalada Brussels ee 1958, "Wave The" waxaa la guddoonsiiyey shahaado Grand Prix oo bilad dahab ah. Marka ay dhamaato, aqbalana waa la hoos geliyey in ay dayactir, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo soo maray ka baaraandegidda design qalab iyo circuitry. On ku salaysan model this casriyeeyay hore u soo saaray gramophone, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Wave The".

"Riga-6" (1952)

idaacadaha Tube of USSR soo saartay noocyo kala duwan oo dhirta. Sidaas daraaddeed, model oo xiiso leh Radio Riga ee Factory ayaa noqday fasal aqbalana network 2 "Riga-6", kaas oo si buuxda u daboolaya cabirrada jira EU, iyo dareenka iyo selectivity ahaayeen wanaagsan yahay tusaalayaal kale.

"Latvia M-137" macmalay by VEF korontada iyo loola dhaqmo heerka koowaad. Waxaa xusid mudan in model ah waxaa la abuuray oo ku saleysan horumarka pre-dagaal, kaas oo lagu soo hagaagtay. Feature Gaarka ah - on qiyaasta a halkaas oo safafka index ka beddelaan iyo qalab bartilmaameed ku xiran yihiin. Like qaateyaasha badan, model this waxaa si joogto ah la beddelo, balse sifooyinka functional aasaasiga ah ku hadhay isku mid.

"Arp"

Alexander ee warshad radio muddo dheer si loo soo saaro tayo leh in idaacadaha waqti. Habka ugu horeysay - ARZ-40 - la soo bandhigay ee 1940, si kastaba ha ahaatee, gogo '10 oo keliya ayaa la soo saaray ay sabab u tahay arimo farsamo. model Tani qabtay shan xarumaha maxalliga ah in hore ayaa la toosin iyo duubay. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in ay tani tahay USSR radio ugu da'da weyn. Maanta waxaa lagu heli karaa marka laga reebo uruuriyaa oo dunida radio oo qaraami ah.

model Next - ARZ-49 - la sii daayay 8 sano ka dib, laakiin si weyn u habaynta, sida dalbaday xukumada. Tani radio weyn lahaa jirka ah macdan ah oo waxaa la hoos geliyey dahaadhay nickel ama wasakheeyey. qiyaasta barbaro ahaa ee foomka of Kremlin Moscow ee.

The model ugu kaamil ahaa qadanayo ARZ-54, soo saaray 1954 by dhirta dhowr. Waxa uu maray dhowr ah oo la casriyeeyay, jidaynayey tayada dhaweynta ahaa kuwa aad u fiican.

fasalka sare

The idaacadaha-dhamaadka sare ugu caansan USSR - waa "October" iyo "Friendship". Habka ugu horeysay ee la soo saaray Leningrad ee 1954 iyo lahaa tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka design. Sayidka, biiro kala duwan oo la isku beddeli by tareen marsho ah, iyo tirtiridda buuq marka la beddelo kala duwan waxaa la siiyaa qalab gaar ah ee foomka of xiriirada dheeraad diyaarin on xire biiro.

Minsk Plant magacaabay ka dib markii Lenin soo saaray nooc kale oo fasalka ugu horeysay - radiogram "Friendship", wax soo saarka kuwaas oo bilaabay in 1957. radio waxa uu leeyahay 11 nalalka, jirku wuxuu leeyahay ujawaab saddex-xawaare, si loo maqli karo waa suurto gal caadiga ah iyo LPs. Waxaad samayn kartaa xawaaraha playback hoose sabab u isaguu ku jilicsan, kaas oo sidoo kale kuu ogolaanayaa inaad digitize saxan jir.

"Sadko" (1956)

USSR idaacadaha guridda yihiin oo xiiso leh inta badan ururiya. Mid ka mid ah lagu daydo caanka ah ee uu wakhtigaagu wuxuu ahaa raadiyaha fasalka labaad ee tube "Sadko", kaas oo la soo saaray Warshadda "Red October" ee Moscow. model Tani - mid ka mid ah kuwii hore ka, kaas oo la dhigay tuubooyinka radio farta. Qalabka wuxuu u soo jiidata dareenka of control midab oo kala duwan in ay mawjadaha kala duwan, marka lagu daro, waxay ku qalabeysan yahay afar hadla.

Dhco-47

radio translational Network USSR yeedhay dhco-47 markii hore loogu talagalay hawlaha hufan ee xarunta warbaahinta, laakiin waxa si weyn loo isticmaalaa sida translational iyo radio. Waayo, qalab wax soo saarka loo isticmaalo circuit superheterodyne ka howlgala tuubooyinka radio 9-10 lix safafka. raadiyaha ku qalabeysan yahay buro weyn ee gacanta, mugga gacanta buro si ay ula qabsadaan iyo laba shido - guutooyin iyo hababka. Power waxaa bixisey dhex dhaxe ee via saad awood gaar ah.

"Light" (1956)

radio waxaa loo xisaabiyaa codsiga mass, si aad u hesho cheap ah oo ay heli karaan dadka oo dhan. qalab trohlampovoe Tani waxay ka shaqeeya on network iyo leedahay dareen wanaagsan marka la isticmaalayo anteeno dibadda. Laakiin oo dhan idaacadaha tan iyo USSR ma noqday baahsan. Tusaale ahaan, model this ayaa la joojiyay sababo la xiriira unprofitability, tan iyo qiimaha tafaariiqda ay lama dabooleen kharashka oo dhan, baxeen inay ka kooban oo shaqo laftiisa.

"Record"

radio tube Network "Record" waxay bilaabeen inay la soo saaray 1945 iyo casriyeeyey dhowr jeer. muuqashadii ugu horeysay, kadis ah, ayaa laga heli karaa shabakada iyo in muuqashadii batteriga. Casriyaynta qadanayo uu maray sannad ah, iyo abuurka ah ee lagu daydo cusub ayaa ah qaababka ugu bartay oo ka mid ah lagu daydo hore, sida looga baahan yahay in la abuuro weyn, dhaqaale, laakiin dareen iyo selectivity qalab, taasoo ah wax ay saldhigga dhexe si aad u dhegaysato meel kasta oo Midowga Soofiyeeti. Ogow in qaar ka mid ah fikradaha ku saabsan nidaamka iyo design deyn buu igu ahaa ka daydo pre-dagaalka iyo noocyada Siemens Tesla.

The helaya ugu horeysay "Record" qotomiyey kiis alwaax ama caag ah, laakiin ka dib, sababtoo ah qaladaadkeyga in habka loo shubay of version caaga ah waxaa ka tagay. In aqbalana network ayaa sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah cilladaha dhismaha oo noqdaan muuqataa in ay ku habboonaan iyo isku halaynta ee qalabka.

"Arrow" (radiogram, 1955) iyo "Melody" (1959)

Maxay ahaayeen kuwa qaata USSR ah? photo waxay muujinaysaa in qaabka la mid dibadda wali kala duwanaanshaha aan qiimo lahayn. On noocyo badan aan xitaa ma haatan soo xusuusta, laakiin liiska qaateyaasha macmalay ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, dhab ahaantii, aad iyo aad u cajiib ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, tan iyo 1958 USSR soo saaray qaateyaasha "Arrow", kaas oo tixraac qalabka fasalka 4aad iyo waa superheterodyne trehlampovymi, u ogolaan in aad ku raaxaysato rikoorka ay sabab u tahay pickups dibadda. Qalabka wuxuu ku qalabeysan yahay samaacad firfircoon elliptical, iyo korontada la soo ururay oo ku salaysan wareeg bar-ruxruxo. Waxaa ku biiro muhiim ah oo badalato off ama qalab loo isticmaalo si ay u beddelaan safafka.

Xagga dhamaadka demoqaraadiyad ah waxaa loo loogu talagalay radio tube "Melody", taas oo loo sameeyay Riga. All qalabka qalabaysan this biiro muhiimka ah model, Rotary antenna magnetic gudaha iyo Dipole gudaha for VHF.

Sidaas darteed, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu lahaa tiro badan oo idaacadaha in si joogto ah la wanaajiyey iyo casriyeeyey. Maanta, waxay yihiin failed, laakiin weli sii wadaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan. Muuqashadii waa waanada cad ee xilligii markii technology radio ee dalku ku soo jiray oo kaliya laga bilaabo si ay u horumariyaan.