Noocyada arrinta: macno ah, beer jirka, vacuum jirka. Fikradda ah arrinta

element A asaasiga ah ee waxbarasho oo ka mid ah tiro badan oo ah cilmiga dabiiciga ah waa arrin. In this article waxaan eegi doonaa fikradda, noocyada kala duwan ee wax, qaabka iyo sifooyinka ay dhaqdhaqaaqa.

Maxaad leedihiin?

Waayo, qarniyo badan, fikradda guud ee isbedelka arrinta iyo in la wanaajiyo. Sayidka, falsafo qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga Plato arkeen sida substratum ka mid ah wax, kaas oo ka soo horjeeda fikirka ah iyaga ka mid ah. Aristotle sheegay in ay tahay wax weligeed ah, oo aan waxba la abuuri karo mana baabbi'iyey. faylosuufiinta Later Democritus iyo Leucippus siiyey qeexidda dhabta ah ee arrinta sida nooc ka mid ah walxaha asaasiga ah ee dhammaan meydadka in dunida iyo in caalamka oo dhan.

Fikradda casriga ah ee arrinta la siiyey V. I. Lenin, sida ay taas waa category Ujeedada gaar ah kana madaxbannaan, ninba aragtida aadanaha, dareenka, waxaa sidoo kale la koobiyeyn karaa iyo sawiro.

sifooyinka arrinta

The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee wax ka jira saddex Tilmaamo:

• Space.
• Time.
• Movement.

Labada hore waa sifooyinka Xogta kala duwan, sida ay la tirin karo by qalab gaar ah. bannaan ee waxaa lagu cabiraa mitir, iyo qiyamka taagayo, iyo waqtiga in saacadood, daqiiqo, seconds, iyo in maalmood, bilood, sano, iwm Waqtigaas waxaa kale oo jira oo kale, ma aha hantida yar oo muhiim ah - .. Irreversibility. Waxaad ma aan tegi karo back to mar kasta laga bilaabo wakhtiga, dulinka wakhtiga had iyo jeer waa hal dhinac oo ka tagayaan ee la soo dhaafay si ay mustaqbalka. Marka la barbardhigo waqtiga, meel - fikrad adag oo waxa ay leedahay cabbirka saddex dhinac-cabbir ah (height, dhererka, width). Sidaas darteed, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee arrinta la dhaqaajin karin in meel bannaan oo muddo waqti go'an.

Foomamka codsiga

Wax kasta oo naga wareegsan guurayaan in meel bannaan oo la macaamilaan midba midka kale. dhaqdhaqaaqa si joogto ah ay dhacdo iyo waa hanti weyn hantiyeen by nooc kasta oo arrinta. Dhanka kale, habka this dhici kartaa ma aha oo kaliya ka mid ah waxyaabaha kala duwan, laakiin sidoo kale gudaha qalab laftiisa, taasoo keenta in ay wax ka beddelid. Waxaa jira foomamka soo socda ee mooshinka:

• Farsamo - dhaqdhaqaaqa this of walxaha in meel bannaan (tufaax geedkii ka soo dayrta, bakaylaha socda).

• Jirka - waxay dhacdaa marka jidhku u beddelayo dabeecadihiisa (tusaale ahaan gobolka jirka). Tusaalayaal: dhalaalayaa barafka, vaporizes biyaha iwm ...
• Kiimikooyinka - beddelid ee halabuurka kiimikada ah waxyaabaha la (daxalka biraha, qayilo of glucose)
• Biological - dhacdaa in noolaha oo tilmaamay koritaanka daaqsinka, shiid, taranka iyo kuwa kale.

• qaab Social - hababka dhexgalka bulshada, isgaarsiinta, qabashada shirarka, doorashada iyo sidaas ..
• Geological - tilmaamay mooshinka arrinta ku qolof dhulka iyo gudaha ee caalamka: asaasiga ah, go'iisii.

Dhamaan foomamka ku xusan ee arrinta waa wada xiriira, dhammaystir ah oo loo isticmaalo badadanaa. Waxay madax bannaan ma jiri karo oo aan ahayn kuwo isku filan.

guryaha ee arrinta

sayniska gaboobay iyo casriga waxa u sabab ah sifooyinka badan ee arrinta. The ugu caansan iyo cad - dhaqdhaqaaq, laakiin waxaa jira guryaha kale ee caalamiga ah:

• Waxay uncreatable iyo dhammaadka lahayn. hantida Taas macnaheedu waa in jirka ah ama walax in muddo ah, waxaa uu yeesho, si uu u jiro joojin sida shayga asalka ah, laakiin arrinta ma joogsadaan si uu u jiro, oo si fudud loo beddelaa qaabab kale.
• Waa weligeed ah oo aan la koobi karayn in meel bannaan oo.
• dhaqdhaqaaqa Constant, isbeddel, beddelid.
• Qadaray dartiis, ku tiirsanaanta guud ahaan qodobada iyo sababaha. hantida Tani waa nooc ka mid ah sharaxaad ka soo jeedo ee arrinta sida natiijo ah oo dhacdooyinka qaarkood.

Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee arrinta

culimada casriga ah ayaa loo aqoonsaday saddex foomamka asaasiga ah ee arrinta:

• walax A isagoo mass gaar ah nasan, waa nooca ugu badan. Waxay ka koobnaan kartaa qayb ka, taagoo, atamka, iyo xeryahooda ay, kuwaas oo noqonaya jidhka ah.
• beerta Physical - walax gaar ah wax, kaas oo loogu talagalay in lagu interface shay (walxo).
• vacuum Physical - dhexdhexaad ah wax la heerka ugu hooseeya ee tamarta.

Next, eegno faahfaahsan oo mid kasta oo noocyada.

walax

walaxda - nooc ka mid ah arrinta, feature ugu weyn ee kaas oo ah Discrete, sida discontinuous, xadidan. Its qaab dhismeedka uu ka kooban yahay qayb yar oo ah qaab protons, electrons, iyo neutrons kooban la eb. atamka ee Britain ayaa waxaa lagu soo biiray si ay u sameeyaan walax taas, markeeda, foomamka jidh jidh ama walax flowable.

walax kasta oo uu leeyahay tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka qofka shakhsiga in la kala saaro dadka kale, mass, cufnaanta, dhibic karaya iyo barta barafku, qaab-dhismeedka daaqaddii baraf. Under shuruudo gaar ah, walxaha kala duwan ee la xidhiidhiyo karaa iyo isku qasan. In dabiiciga ah, waa la helay saddex dalalka of xulkii: adke hoor iyo gaseous. In this gobolka jirka gaar ahaan u dhiganta xaaladda content kaliya maalka iyo xoogga dhexgalka kelli, laakiin waa dabeecad u gaar ah. Sidaas darteed, biyaha at heerkulka kala duwan oo laga yaabaa inay qaadato nooc ka mid ah dareere iyo adke iyo gaseous.

beerta jirka

Noocyada waxaa ka mid ah arrinta jirka iyo qayb sidii beer la taaban karo sida. Waa nooc ka mid ah nidaamka taas oo jirkooda wax la macaamilaan. beerta ma aha hay'ad gaar ah laakiin side guryaha gaarka ah ee Qurub ay sameeyeen. Sayidka, garaaca wadnaha laga xoreeyay hal qayb, laakiin ma nuugo in kale, waa siyaada ah oo duurka ku.

beeraha Physical - a foomamka dhejisa dhabta ah ee arrinta haysashada hanti oo joogtada ah. Waxay loo kala saari karaa sida ay shuruudaha kala duwan:

1. Iyadoo ku xiran lacag beerta laga abuuro ku kala duwanaayeen, beeraha korontada, magnetic iyo gravitational.
2. By dabiiciga ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa amarka, berrinka firfircoon, tirakoobka (waxaa ku jira qaraabo go'an in kasta qayb kale oo lagu eedeeyay).
3. By dabiiciga ah ee jirka: macro- iyo microfield (dhaqdhaqaaqa abuuray qayb shaqsi lagu eedeeyay).
4. Iyada oo ku xidhan jiritaanka dhexdhexaad ah: dibadeed (ku wareegsan Qurub lagu eedeeyay), gudaha (berrinka gudaha wax ka), run (qiimaha guud ee beeraha gudaha iyo dibadda) ah.

vacuum The jirka

In qarnigii XX in physics sida tanaasul u dhexeeya materialists iyo idealists si ay u sharxaan ifafaale gaar ah u muuqday ereyga "vacuum jirka". Kii u horreeyey ayaa lagu tiriyaa la guryaha wax, oo ugu dambaysta ayaa sheegay in vacuum ah - waxba ma aha, laakiin wax aan waxba tarayn. physics Modern ayaa beeniyay xukunka idealists iyo caddeeyeen in vacuum ah - waa deegaanka wax, sidoo kale loogu magac daray berrinka galmada. Tirada qurubyada waxa ku jira waa loo siman yahay si eber, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma looga hortago dhacdo ee walxaha muddada gaaban ee weji dhexe. In aragtida ah galmada ee heerka tamarta vacuum jirka conventionally qaaday sida ugu yar, ie eber. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, experimentally caddeeyeen in field tamarta noqon kartaa eedeeyay labada negative iyo positive. Waxaa la xiqiijiyay in caalamka oo dhan kacay marka la eego vacuum jirka faraxsanahay.

Weli ma si buuxda u bartay qaabka vacuum jirka, inkasta oo caan ku ah dad badan oo ka mid ah hantida. Sida laga soo xigtay godka Dirac aragtida, berrinka galmada ka kooban yahay dhaqaaqin photons ay la socoto lacag isku mid ah, oo sideeda oo weli naftooda cadda kooxahaasi quanta kuwaas oo u guuray qaab durdurrada la ruxruxo.