Nidaamka ABP. ATS (automatic aqbasho reserve) matoor

In hab caadi ah awoodda, shirkadda xoogga iyo tamarta lagu siiyay waxaa la keenay meeshii ay isticmaalka. Marka isha ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah ma jireyso in ay ka shaqeeyaan, xoogga aqbasho network labaad ama matoorka heegan waa in la isticmaalaa in gacanta ama si toos ah ku quudin jiray in load ah, taas oo ah jaantuska a ATS (kala iibsiga si toos ah). Hawshoodu ugu weyn waa qeybiyey awoodda ka Roobka u gurmad korontada.

category III-rd ee isku halaynta korontada

Sida la og yahay, shirkadaha korontada wadaagaan dhammaan macaamiishooda, in uu yahay. E. dadka Kuwa (sharci iyo jirka), kuwaas oo uu la galo heshiisyo for sahayda korontada saddex qaybood sida ay heerka uu isku halaynta of korontada. halaynta ugu hooseeya ee category saddexaad. macaamiisha tamarta noocan oo kale ah in ay bixiyaan oo kaliya mid ka mid ah saddex waji aqbasho danab 6 ama 10 kV (mararka qaarkood 400) ama hal waji aqbasho 230 ka mid ah xarumo siin, laakiin kharashka la xidhiidha load shabakadda ugu yaraan this category - kaliya rakibi fudud hal transformer rugood transformer xirmo iyo xerto kuugu dhow gudbinta line dusha.

Ma u baahanahay inaan category nidaamka ABP III-rd?

PUE ku xiran yahay xoogga nidaamka noocan oo kale ah, haddii dib u soo kabashada damaanad korontada ka dib markii shil waayo, wax ka badan maalintii. Oo haddii aanay ahayn? Markaas nuzhet korontada sare, taas oo inta badan ay laftu baatrool ama naaftada-unit matoor. In ka maalmood jiray, macaamiisha waxaa gacanta ku xirmaan culaysyaalkooda iyaga oo bilaabay shaqada. Laakiin sida qalabaynta ee alaabta, kuwaas oo asal ahaan awood u leh inay qabtaan ay ku bilowdeen oo aan ka-qabashada aadanaha.

Oo haddii aad bilaabi kartaa ilaa matoor naaftada si toos ah, sida waxaa suurto gal ah iyo waxa ay ku xidhmaan load macaamilka. Oo asalkiisu ka soo jeedo fikradda casriga dvuhvvodnogo ABP, circuitry ah kuwaas oo, hoos, waxaa horey u noqday heer korontada guriga gaarka ah.

category II-nd: Ma ayay baahan yahay ABP

Haddii macaamiisha amro in xoog laba network talooyin ah, soo galo mar hore ku jirta qeybta ku xigta - labaad. Xaaladdan oo kale, tamarta sida caadiga ah u baahan macaamiisha in ay bixiso dhismaha xarumo laba-transformer. In muuqashadii fudud u ka kooban yahay laba qaybood baska (taasi waa uun aluminium ama, at ugu fiican, strips copper) danab sare leh ay ku biiro ugu muhiimsan, in kasta oo taas oo mid ka mid ah bushings a high-voltage (6 ama 10 kV) ku lifaaqan oo kaliya. Inta u dhaxaysa qaybaha amro si yeedhay biiro qeybaha. Haddii ay u furan yahay, talooyin ku danab sare laga yaabaa in kasta oo ay ku quudiyaan transformer mid keliya (sida caadiga ah shaqada waa kaliya mid ka mid ah labada, labaad waa in reserve - iyo sidoo kale waa shuruud caadiga ah ee Power). Inta lagu jiro koronto mid ka mid ah gashiga ah, macaamiisha korontada gacanta awood kartaa qaybta la daaro oo la codsan load ku on transformer waxaa si joogto ah talooyin kale high-voltage shaqeeya.

macaamiisha Kuwaasi waa, in fact, ma u baahan tahay joogitaanka ATS. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, tamarta inta badan ku bixiyaan si ay u rakibi ee caadiga ah rugood, laba-transformer dhinaca danab yar yahay. gaashaan noocan oo kale ah ABP leedahay laba talooyin ka windings danab hoose ee gudbiyeyaasha ee kala duwan (waa in labadaba ay la dardar galiyo, laakiin waxaa ku raran yihiin waqti kasta siiyey mid ka mid kaliya oo ka mid ah) iyo wax soo saarka ah in ay bas danab hooseeyo taas oo ku xiran yihiin oo dhan xamuulka ah.

I-st category - ATS loo baahan yahay

Laakiin haddii macaamilka ma ku qanacsan tahay, in mabda, dib u dhac waqti Beddelashada buuggan gashiga ah, ka dibna waxa ay leedahay in ay daruuri tahay isticmaali ATS iyo guurto category xiga ee isku halaynta korontada - marka hore. In muuqashadii fudud, jaantuska a schematic of ATS ka kooban yihiin waxaa laga yaabaa in laba entries isla laba qaybood oo ka mid ah a high-voltage rugood, basaska iyo qaybta Beddelashada xoog ku biiro (sida caadiga ah vacuum) ee. Haddii danab sahayda baaba'aa on talooyin ah, waxa disables demiyaha weyn si toos ah oo ay ku jiraan qeybaha. Intaas ka dib, danab baska marka la isku daro ka aqbasho labaad bixisey. ABP laba talooyin haddii ay taasi la sameeyay laga yaabaa on the rugood, low-danab, sida kor lagu sharaxay.

Laakiin macaamiisha ee I-st category PUE tilmaamaysaa waxa loogu yeero kooxo gaar ah, taas oo laba gashiga network ma aha xoog ku filan, laakiin xaqiiqdii u baahan tahay talooyin ku reserve saddexaad inta badan sameeya matoor naaftada ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, ATS u baahan yahay 3 aqbasho. Qorshaha waxaa la sameeyaa danab yar yahay.

Sidee unit ATS la aqbasho matoorka

Dhawaan waxaa u muuqday suuqa badan oo qalab gurmad si toos ah, isagoo xakamaysada gacanta microprocessor ah. Aad loo jecel yahay in arrintan la xiriira wuxuu jecel yahay ilaaliyaal Relay upravlyuschie saarka shirkadda Taxanaha Easy Moeller ee. Falanqaynta calaamadaha danab dareemayaal ah, microcontroller ku ogaadaa failure awood iyo bilaabayso hab-upka ah matoor engine ah (sida caadiga ah synchronous). Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan uu gaaro danab ku qiimeeyo iyo inta jeer ee nidaamka ay gacanta ku badalato si load macaamiisha uu. Eegaysana ee circuit xiriir korontada ATS oo masuul ka ah xamuulka culus waa dhibaato halkii ay adag, tan iyo markii dib u dhac waa lama huraan, iyo dhibaatooyin kale oo farsamo dhimaya helo gurmad xoogga degdeg ah.

Control of inta jeer oo danab

Mid ka mid ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee qalabka ATS waa in la ogaado dhibic danab ama complete lumis ah isha ugu muhiimsan ee awoodda. Sida caadiga ah, oo dhan socdo dhaxe wajiga dhinaca by Relay undervoltage ah (wejiga gacanta Relay). dhibic failure waxaa ka go'an dhibic danab ka hooseysa heerka ugu yar ee ka mid ah waji ah. Macluumaad ku saabsan danab iyo inta jeer ee la isugu gudbiyo guddi ATS ah, taas oo qeexaya suuragalnimada in la sii wado xamuulka sahayda. The danab ugu yaraan la ogolyahay iyo inta jeer waa in ay daruuri tahay in laga adkaadaa hor bedesheen ugu rarataan culaysyo ku shaqeeya by matoorka gurmad ah, xoogga taas oo ah in ay keento.

The dib u dhac mar aasaasiga ah

nidaamka ABP guud ahaan ayaa suurtogal ballaaran si ay ula qabsadaan dib u dhac ah ee jawaabta ay waqti. Tani waa shaqo ah lagama maarmaan u ah waxaa macquul ah ee gargaarka ka jarida ahayn ee isha ugu muhiimsan ee awoodda inta lagu guda jiro xad-gaaban uu. The dib u dhac markii ugu tirtirto safar kasta oo gaaban si aan loo keeni furayey loo baahnayn eryi matoorrada iyo matoorrada bedesheen xamuulka iyaga on. dib u dhac Tani waa in kala duwan ee ka bilaabmaysa 0 ilaa 6 ilbiriqsi, mid labaad waa mid ka mid kuwa ugu badan. Waa in aysan noqon gaaban laakiin ku filan in ay ku xidhmaan ah gurmad ugu rarataan culaysyo il awoodeed oo ka mid ah macaamiisha. Shirkado badan ayaa maanta iibsanayso Koronto uninterruptible awooda badan bateriga kaydinta, bixinta la xidhiidha low-qarsoon.

dib u dhac dheeraad ah

Ka dib soo celinta sahayda ugu weyn, markii qaar ka mid ah dib u dhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo xaqiijiyo xasiloonida ku filan oo load si ay u gab xoogga gurmad. Sida caadiga ah, waxa ay u dhaxeysa eber ilaa soddon daqiiqo. ATS matoor waa in si toos ah dhaaftaan dib u dhac waqti in soo laabashada inay isha asaasiga ah, haddii gurmad ay ku guul daraysato, iyo ugu muhiimsan ee ka shaqeeya mar kale si caadi ah.

markii dib u dhac ugu badan ee saddexaad ee ka mid ah muddada qaboojinta engine. In uu nidaamka gacanta naaftada-matoor gacanta ku engine ku mashquulsanayeen ilaa inta uu istagayo.

Xaaladaha intooda badan, waa guud ahaan suurad wacan in ay u baddashaan load a matoor heegan, mar gaartay heer danab iyo inta jeer ee ku habboon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladaha qaarkood, dadka isticmaala dhamaadka doonayaan in ay isku xigxiga Beddelashada xamuulka kala duwan on matoorka gurmad. Marka loo baahan yahay, fuliyay qorsheyaasha dhowr matoor ATS ku kiciyay la dib u dhac mar shaqsi, si load ah ayaa loogu xidhi karaa matoor si kasta oo la doonayo.

aqbasho fulinta qorsheyaasha qalabka reserve

Natiijadu waxay dhammaadka fasalka loo arkaa aaladaha waa bedesheen wareeggeedii korontada, iyaga bedesheen ka hoose si aad u aqbasho ee heegan. Sida kor ku xusan, rugood awood ABP nidaamka labada la fulin karo danab sare iyo hoose. In kiiska ugu horeysay xubno actuating ay ku hagaagaan shido danab sare. In kiiska labaad, iyo in ay taas Beddelashada xamuulka on Beddelashada aqbasho matoor waa qalabka danab yar yahay.

Waxay sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah ABP qalabka gaashaan (guddi) waxay noqon karaan, ama waxaa laga yaabaa in darina dibadda iyo waa qayb ka mid ah sahayda awood circuit load. Xaaladda hore waa suurto gal in ay isticmaalaan actuators magnetic - waxay khusaysaa qalabka loogu talagalay shaqo macaamiisha non-warshadaha ee awoodda xamuulka ilaa tobanaan dhowr kw. Waayo, awoodda sare isticmaali ATS on contactors. Wadista qalab schematic isku labada kiis.

Low-danab qalabka aqbasho dibadda circuitry waa reserve mawjadaha circuit xoog leh actuators electromagnetic. Hantida Maqaallo qalab AVR waa la dhimay kiiskan si formation iyo soo saari iyaga ku habboon on / off calaamadaha.

AVR caadiga ah unit 3 aqbasho. circuit iyo hawlgalka geynta The

Waxaa loogu talo galay in lagu fuliyo a xamuulka sahayda joogto ah la danab ka 0.4 kV saddex ilaha awooda: laba saddex waji dhaxe sahayda iyo saddex waji aqbasho matoor naaftada ah. The shaqaalaha xafiiska fulinta waa Q1, Q2, iyo Q3 ee mid kasta oo bushings in la ilaaliyo load ee qaybta 1-aad ee isku halaynta korontada.

geynta ee block waa sida soo socota:

1. danab ugu weyn talooyinka waxaa. Markaas Q1 on yahay iyo Q2 iyo Q3 jeesteen off.

2. On danab weyn aqbasho ma joogo, laakiin on gurmad ah waa. Markaas Q2 on yahay iyo Q1 iyo Q3 jeesteen off.

3. On the gashiga ugu weyn oo heegan, jirto wax kacsnaan ah. Markaas Q3 on yahay iyo Q1 iyo Q2 jeesteen off.