Neuroleptic - in ... Action neuroleptics. liiska neuroleptics

Neuroleptic - daroogada gaar ah oo loo isticmaalo kala duwan oo ka mid ah xanuunada maskaxda. Sida caadiga ah, qalabka sida waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta syndromes neuropathic, psychosis, daroogada ayaa sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in dhalanteed ah. Sidoo kale, daawooyinka ee waallida dajiya waa qoray si looga hortago in daliilka ugu weyn ee cudurrada maskaxda ee aadanuhu.

Saamaynta ugu weyn ee diyaarinta

Saamaynta neuroleptics yihiin wajiyo badan. The sifo pharmacological ugu weyn - nooc ka mid ah saameyn ku dejinaaya, taas oo ah waxa lagu gartaa reaction hoos ku meersan dibadda ah, wiiqday xiisad affective iyo cadhoodaan, xakamaynta cabsi, hoos u colaad. daawooyinka ee waallida dajiya jebin kartaa dhalanteed, khayaaliga iyo calaamado kale dhimirka, waxay leeyihiin saamayn ku daweyn bukaanka ka cabanaya schizophrenia iyo cudurro kale maskaxda.

daawooyinka qaar ka mid ah kooxdan ay leeyihiin hawl antiemetic, ficil of neuroleptics waxaa lagu gaarayaa sabab u kiciya chemoreceptor Iscelin xushay ee (kiciya) qaybaha oblongata medulla ah. nooca daawooyinka qaarkood waxay yeelan karaan daawo kabuubiso ama kaakicin (tamar) saamayn. Tiro ka mid ah xubno xog lagu gartaa hab normotimicheskoe iyo ficil antidepressive.

guryaha pharmacological ee daroogada neuroleptic kala duwan waxaa lagu qeexay darajooyin kala duwan. isku dhafan ee saamaynta aasaasiga ah ee waallida dajiya iyo guryaha kale qeexayaa profile ah ee ay saamaynta iyo tilmaamo.

Sidee jirada dhimirka?

Dajiyaasha - daroogada in laga diiqadoodo saamayn ku formation reticular ee maskaxda. data Action Daroogada ayaa sidoo kale ku xiran saamaynta on dhacdo iyo excitation haysta in xiriir kala duwan oo habdhiska dhexe iyo durugsan. Maanta, ugu bartay waa saamaynta neuroleptics sida saamaynta dhexdhexaadiye on geedi socodka ee maskaxda. Seynisyahanno ku ururtay xog ku filan oo ku saabsan saamaynta wakiilada kuwaas on adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic ah, iyo GABAergic neurotransmitter hababka kale oo ka mid ah saamaynta on neuropeptide iyo nidaamka maskaxda. Gaar ahaan wax badan oo dareenka dhawaan siiyey habka is dhexgalka ee dhismayaasha maskaxda dopamine iyo neuroleptics. Marka Iscelin of hawlaha dhexdhexaadiye ah dopamine muuqataa waxyeelo weyn ee daawooyinkan, uu yeesho wax-u syndrome neuroleptic lagu gartaa xanuunada extrapyramidal, tus, sida foosha aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn muruqa, akathisia (daganaan la'aan), parkinsonism (gariirka, rigidity muruqa), nasasho la'aan, qandho . saamayn Taana waxaa lagu gaarayaa ay sabab u tahay saamaynta ay xanibeen of neuroleptics in dhismayaasha subcortical ee maskaxda, halkaas oo kooban tiro badan oo receptors in u nugul yihiin dopamine.

Naxli waxyeelo daroogada ee waallida dajiya - waa marmarsiinyo iyo hagaajinta ee daaweynta iyo magacaabidda correctors gaar ah (daawooyinka "Akineton", "Cyclodol").

pharmacodynamics

Neuroleptic - daroogada ah, ku simaha on receptors dopamine dhexe dhirfinaya cudurada hormoonada jidhka ka mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa sarkhaansan ay waa madadaalo nuujinta. Marka xanibeen neuroleptics receptors dopamine pituitary wanaajiyey dheecaan of prolactin. Ku-simaha on hypothalamus ah, daawooyinkan la xakameeyo dheecaan ee hormone koritaanka iyo corticotropin.

Dajiyaasha - daawooyinka in ay leeyihiin bar-nolosha gaaban ee jirka ku jira, iyo ka dib markii maamulka hal, waxay leeyihiin saamayn gaaban. Seynisyahanno ku abuureen a daroogada gaar ah muddo dheer garoomada ka ( "Ditt saldhig", "decanoate Geloperidola," "Piportil L4", "klopiksol saldhig"). nooca daawooyinka waxaa badanaa lagu daro kasta oo kale oo subaxdii qaadashada daroogada madadaalo u saamayn, labaad - kabuubiso. Si aad u gargaarka syndrome affective-dhalanteed ah waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay qaataan in kiniinada farxadda lala iyo jirada dhimirka.

Tilmaamayaasha

Qaadashada nooca daawooyinka laguu qoro, gaar ahaan daaweynta nozogeny reactions khayaano (reactions xasaasi ah) iyo cudurka chronic somatoform xanuun.

Regulations dejinaya xogta

daaweynta neuroleptic waxaa curin la dose-ku-daweyn u socoto sare, ka dibna loo qiimeeyo saamaynta iyo go'aan baahida loo qabo in la beddelo qiyaasta. qiyaasta of neuroleptics si deg deg ah u koray si ay u size gaar ah, kaas oo ka dibna si tartiib hoos 3-5 jeer, iyo therapy noqdo qof an anti-taageeraya. Beddel lacagta loo qoondeeyey ee daroogada si adag waa shakhsiga ku saleysan. On qaadasho dayactirka noqotay ka dib markii ay ka gaaraan saamayn la doonayo daweynta. Samee therapy anti-noqoshada ka fiican in daawooyinka in ay sii dheerayn tallaabo. Habka maamulka daroogada psychotropic waa muhiim. Marka marxaladdan hore ee daaweynta, maamulka parenteral waxaa lagu talinayaa in oo gargaar ka mid ah calaamadaha dhacdaa si degdeg ah (bolusdose xididka, faleebo xididka, muruqyada dhexdooda). Dheeraad ah oo la doorbidayo hadal qaado neuroleptics. Liiska daawooyinka ugu waxtarka badan la hoos ku siin doonaa.

Drug "Propazin"

Qalabkani waxa uu leeyahay saamayn ku dejinaysaa, yaraynaysaa hawl walaaca iyo socon karto. Daawooyinka loo isticmaalo xanuunada Xadka in bukaanka qaba cudurada degaaankaaga, haddii ay jiraan naxo, xanuunada phobic, waswaaska. Qaado daawada gudaha 2-3 jeer maalintii muddo 25 mg, haddii loo baahdo - qiyaasta laga soo kordhay laga yaabaa in 100-150 mg maalintii. Marka la isticmaalayo kuuro yar oo daliilka ee cudurka Parkinson, sida caadiga ah, waxaa aan arkay.

Drug "Etaperazin"

medicament waallida dajiya waxay leedahay saameyn kaakicin ah oo saamayn ku syndromes la gartaa feejignaan xumo, wareer, feejignaan xumo. Intaa waxaa dheer, daroogada "Etaperazin" waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta neuroses, Ulasocto stress, cabsi, welwel. Qiyaasta maalin walba of medicament waa 20 mg.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Triftazin"

daroogada Protivobredovym waxay leedahay saameyn la taaban karo oo Fayda Xumaanta xanuunada hallucinatory. medicament waxay leedahay dhiirrigelin dhexdhexaad ah (tamar) saamayn. Waxaa loo adeegsan karaa in lagu daweeyo murugada atypical leh ifafaale ah ee jaceeylka. Waayo, daaweynta daawada cudurada somatoform "Triftazin" weheliso murugada iyo dejisa. qiyaasta of medicament waa 20-25 mg maalintii.

Drug "teralen"

medicament The leeyahay hawlaha antihistaminic iyo neuroleptic. Diyaarinta "teralen" waa ku dejinaysaa khafiif ah oo uu leeyahay saamayn togan ku calaamadaha sinestopaticheski ipohondricheskih soohdinta diiwaan calaamadaha maskaxda in la horumariyo ka dhanka ah somatogenic faafa, daliilka vascular in heley neuro. Si weyn loo isticmaalaa in ku dhaqanka gerontological IYO CARUURTA. Talinayo in la isticmaalo in nno xasaasiyad iyo boogaha maqaarka. Drug gudaha 10-40 mg maalintii, intramuscularly loo isticmaalaa sida xal 0.5%.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Tiridazin"

daroogada ayaa wax ku ool waallida dajiya la saameyn nasteexo leh oo aan ku keeni karo suuxin iyo feejignaan xumo. Sidoo kale, medicament ku fulyo tallaabo timolepticheskoe dhexdhexaad ah. Daawada ugu waxtarka badan ee ay muujinayso dareenka rastrojstvah, lagu gartaa stress, welwel, kacsiga. In daaweynta ee xaaladaha Xadka isticmaalo 40-100 mg ah ee daawada maalin kasta. Marka ifafaale ah sida neurasthenia, caro, welwel, caloosha iyo mindhicirka functional neurogenic iyo xanuunada wadnaha qaadato daawada 2-3 jeer maalintii for 5/10/25 mg. Premenstrual disorder habdhiska - 1-2 jeer maalintii ilaa 25 mg.

Drug "Chlorprothixenum"

daawada waallida dajiya oo uu saameyn ku dejinaysaa, waxay kordhisaa saamaynta maandooriyayaasha hypnotic. daawooyinka loo isticmaalo xaaladaha psychoneurotic lagu gartaa cabsi, welwel. Isticmaalka daroogada waxa lagu tilmaamayaa in neurosis, oo ay ku jiraan ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo cudurro kala cayncayn degaaankaaga, hurdo xumo, nabaro maqaarka, gobolka subdepressive. ka dhigan tahay of 5-10-15 dose mg, qaado daawada ka dib cuntada 3-4 jeer maalintii.

Drug "Flyuanksol"

Qalabkani waxa uu leeyahay antidepressive, kaakicin, saamayn anxiolytic. In daaweynta ee dalalka niyad qaadan apathic 0.5-3 mg ah ee daawada maalin kasta. Waayo, daaweynta xanuunada maskaxda la subdepression, asthenia, daliilka hypochondriacal dose maalin walba waa 3 mg. Medicament "Flyuanksol" ma keento hurdo maalintii iyo saameyn ah kuma laha diirada.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Eglonil"

Saamaynta daroogada sharciyeed ku yimaada habdhiska dhimirka, ayaa hawl dhexdhexaad ah neuroleptic, taas oo ay weheliso qaar ka mid ah niyad jabka iyo saamaynta qaadka. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in xaaladaha kuwaas oo lagu gartaa daciifnimo, feejignaan xumo, anergy. Isticmaal in bukaanka qaba somatoform, xanuunada somatisation ku saabsan asalka subdepressive niyadda iyo maqaarka nno, Ulasocto cuncun. daawo Tani waxaa si gaar ah loogu isticmaalo tilmaamay in bukaanka aan waxba waa nooc ka mid qarsoon ee niyad-jabka, disorder senestopaticheskie. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu taliyey isticmaalka daroogada "Eglonil" la murugada leh fahmayaan syndrome cephalgic, joogitaanka dareenka sida vertigo iyo xanuunka dhanjafka. qalab ayaa sidoo kale waxay leedahay saamayn cytoprotective on xabka gastric, sidaas darteed waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta ee xaaladaha sida gastritis, boog dyspepsia iyo caloosha, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Cudurka bararka xiidmuhu. Qiyaasta talinayaa - 50-100 mg maalintii, qiyaasta maalinlaha ah waa la kordhin karaan in ay 150-200 mg haddii loo baahdo. Daawooyinka loo qaadan karaa in isku dhafan oo murugada sedating.

Dhibaatooyinka ay keento neuroleptics

Like daroogo kasta oo kale, dhinaca xun yihiin, iyo nooca daawooyinka, dib u kuwa loo isticmaalo hab sida tilmaamaya horumarka suurto galka ah ee waxyeello ka soo gaartey. isticmaalka muddada dheer ama si xun u isticmaalka daroogada waxay keeni karaan ifafaale soo socda:

• All mooshin la dedejiyey, qof xaq darro u guurayaan in jiho oo kala duwan, sida caadiga ah ee xawaaraha sare. Hel takhaluso fikirrada waswaaska, dego, ka heli boos raaxo leh, aad karto oo keliya ka dib soo dhaweynta ka mid ah daawooyinka psychotropic.

• Waxaa jira dhaqdhaqaaq joogto ah oo ka mid ah jallo, muruqyada wejiga iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee jirka, tijaabooyin.

• Sababo la burburinta muruqyada wejiga beddelo muuqaalada uu. "Leexiyay," qofka laga yaabaa inaanu si caadi ah ku soo laabto, qofka ilaa dhimashadiisii joogo.

• Maadaama uu neuroleptics daryeelka degdegga ah iyo dulmiga ah ee habka dareemayaasha uu yeesho niyad-jabka daran, taas oo si weyn u saameeyaa waxtarka daawaynta.

• Neuroleptic - daroogada in uu saameyn toos ah ku mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka, si daawo daaweynta xogta laga yaabaa inay dareemaan raaxo caloosha, afka oo qalala.

• walxaha noocan oo kale ah uu ka samaysan yahay neuroleptics sida thioxanthene iyo phenothiazine, si xun u saameyn aragtida aadanaha.

jirada dhimirka atypical

daawooyinka noocan oo kale ah waa kuwo saamayn weyn ku receptors serotonin badan dopamine ah. Sidaa darteed, saamaynta anxiolytic oo ku dejinaysaa waxay haystaan in ka sii fahmayaan badan ee waallida dajiya. Marka la barbardhigo neuroleptics caadiga ah, waxay ka yar saamayn maskaxda.

Tixgeli nooca daawooyinka ugu weyn atypical.

Medicament "Sulpiride"

daroogada waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loogu daweeyo xaaladaha sida xanuunada maskaxda somatized, hypochondriacal, syndromes senestopaticheskie. medicament waxay leedahay saameyn la mid ah kaakicin tallaabada.

Drug "Solian"

tallaabada of qalab this ay la mid tahay diyaarinta hore. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in xaaladaha la hypobulia, daliilka Cadami ayaa si cupping xanuunada hallucinatory-dhalanteed.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Clozapine"

daroogada waxay leedahay saamayn ku dejinaysaa calaamadeeyay, laakiin ma keeno niyad-jabka. daroogada la isticmaalay ee daaweynta ee syndromes caajisnimo iyo hallucinatory-dhalanteed.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Olanzalin"

Daawada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in cudurada waallida iyo caajisnimo syndrome. Iyada oo la isticmaalo daba dheeraaday ee daroogada waxa dhici karta cayilka.

Drug "Risperidone"

Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay atypical ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo. daroogada doorasho leedahay saamayn dhanka ah calaamadaha hallucinatory-delirious, calaamad caajisnimo, disorder waswaaska.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Rispolept-Consta"

Tani waa dawo dheer-simaha in degto caafimaadka bukaanka. Sidoo kale waxa ay la micno shows oggolyahay ka dhanka ah ba'an sare syndromes hallucinatory-khayaano endrogennogo Bilowgii.

Medicament "Quetiapine"

daroogada Tani, sida nooca daawooyinka kale atypical, saamayn ku dopamine iyo receptors seratoninovye labadaba. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in khayaano, syndromes hallucinatory, farax kacayo. Daawada ayaa niyad jabka iyo dhexdhexaad ah kaga hadlay saamaynta stimulatory.

Drug "Ziprasidone"

Ka dhigan tahay saameynta dopamine ee D-2 receptors, 5-HT-2 receptor iyo blocks reuptake ee norepinephrine iyo serotonin. Waxaa go'aamisa ay ku oolnimada in daaweyn jiray xanuunada hallucinatory-dhalanteed iyo affective ba'an. Isticmaalka daroogada waa u wada joogaan baarutaan oo aan caadi ahayn nidaamka wadnaha.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Aripiprazole"

Daawada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in dhammaan noocyada xanuunada waallida. daroogada wuxuu ka caawiyaa in la soo celiyo shaqada garashada in therapy schizophrenia.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Sertindole"

medicament Applied markii dalalka inertly-apathic, daroogada hagaajinaysaa shaqo garashada, ayaa hawl lidka diiqadda. Dawo isticmaalka taxadir "Sertindole" ee cudurrada wadnaha - keeni kartaa arrhythmia.

Drug "Invega"

horjoogsadaa daawada xaalad xumeyd caajisnimo,, calaamadaha waallida hallucinatory-dhalanteed in bukaanka qaba schizophrenia.

Dhibaatooyinka ay keento nooca daawooyinka atypical

Action daroogada sida "Clozapine" "olanzapine" "Risperidone", "Ariprazol" Arrintan waxaa la socda a isbedel neyrolepsii iyo hormoonada jidhka muhiim ah oo keeni kara korodh miisaan, horumarinta bulimi, la kordhiyo heerka hoormoonka gaar ah (prolactin). In daaweynta daawada "Clozapine" waxaa laga yaabaa in qalal iyo Agranulocytosis. Aqbalaada macnaheedu yahay "Quetiapine" waxay badi keenaan hurdo, madax-xanuun, kor u transaminases beerka, korodhka miisaanka jidhka.

Waxaa xusid mudan in maanta, culumadu u ururay macluumaad ku filan oo muujinaya in Fadilmo ee nooca daawooyinka atypical ka badan caadiga ah ma si weyn. Oo qaata ay xilsaaray marka la isticmaalayo neuroleptics caadiga ah si weyn loo hagaajiyo xaaladda bukaanka ee aan arkay.

Kala noqoshada neuroleptics

Sida daawo kasta oo kale, wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin maskaxda, daawooyinka ee waallida dajiya keeni tiirsanaanta maskaxiyan iyo muuqaal aad u daran. bixitaanka kadis ah daroogada waxay keeni kartaa horumarinta gardarada xoog leh, niyad-jabka. Man noqdo mid aad u Dedejisanaysaan, cowdo. Sidoo kale u muuqan kara calaamadaha cudurka, daaweynta waxaa laga codsadaa jirada dhimirka.

Laga soo bilaabo dhibic nafsaaniga ah ee daliilka view of xaaladaha la mid ah calaamadaha daroogada neuroleptic intii lagu baabiiyo: nin dagay by xanuun lafaha, wuxuu ka madax xanuun, hurdo la'aan la ildaran. Waxaa laga yaabaa in la horumariyo lalabo, shuban iyo xanuunada kale ee caloosha.

Ku tiirsanaanta nolosha dabiciiga ma ogola in qofka la siiyo ilaa isticmaalka lacagtaas, maxaa yeelay waxa ay dhaawaceysaa cabsi ah in calool-xumida leh, nolosha nixiyay soo laabtay.

Sidee joojin kartaa neuroleptics, iyada oo aan dhibi gobolka caadiga ah ee caafimaadka? First of dhan, waa in aad ogtahay in isticmaalka daroogada ee waallida dajiya aan dhaqtar kuu qorin ee waa u. ku takhasusay khibrad leh oo keliya waa inay awoodaan inay ku filan u qiimeeyaan xaaladda bukaanka iyo daaweynta ku haboon. Sidoo kale, dhakhtarku wuxuu ku siin doonaa talo ku saabsan yaraynta cadadka daawada baabbi'iyey. Qiyaasta waa in si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u, iyadoon dhibaato raaxo daran. takhasus dheeraad qoray kiniinada farxadda, kuwaas oo taageeri doona xaaladda dareen ee qofka bukaanka ah iyo si looga hortago in horumarinta murugada.

Neuroleptic - qalab caafimaad oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad si caadi gobolka maskaxda qofka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si looga fogaado in horumarinta waxyeellooyin, hubi inaad raacdo talooyinka dhakhtarka iyo ma is-Dawada. Joog caafimaad!