Mosfet - waa maxay? Codsiga iyo xaqiijinta of transistors

In this article waxaad ku baran doontaa transistors, MOSFET, in uu yahay, qaar ka mid ah Bannaanka halkaas. Kasta transistor saamayn field nooca, kuwaas oo talooyin waa koronto go'doon ka channel ku sidday hadda ugu weyn. Taasina waa sababta ay waxaa lagu magacaabaa transistor hawlgeli beerta la iridda ku dahaaran. Nooca ugu badan ee sida transistor a beerta saamayn, taas oo loo isticmaalayo in noocyo badan oo wareeggeedii elektaroonik ah, loo yaqaan transistor field-saamayn bir-xabagta-Semiconductor ku salaysan ama guurka bilood transistor (gaabiyay soo gaabiyo ee element this) a.

Waa maxay MOSFET ah?

MOSFET waa FET danab-ay gacanta ku ah, taas oo ah berrinka in in uu leeyahay "xabagta biraha" koronto iridda a kaas oo koronto ku dahaaran ka Semiconductor n-channel weyn ama p-channel lakabka ah mid aad u khafiif ah oo qalabada wax ka duwan. Sida caadiga ah, waa silica (iyo haddii fudud, muraayadda).

Tani aalladda khafiif dahaaran koronto iriddii birta loo arki karaa mid saxan capacitor. aqbasho gacanta ningax dhigaysa iska caabin ah ee MOSFET ah waa mid aad u sarreeya, shiidaa aan la koobi karayn.

Sida duurka, transistors bilood leeyihiin impedance ah talooyin aad u sarreeya. Waxaa si fudud u gaari karaan xaddi weyn oo lacag ma guurto ah, taas oo horseedaysa in ay waxyeeleeyaan, haddii aan si taxadar leh u ilaaliyo silsilad.

Khilaaf ka transistors field-saamayn MOSFET

Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee beerta ka waa in MOSFETs ah waxaa laga heli karaa laba nooc oo aasaasi ah:

1. Yaraadan - transistor u baahan danab iridda-il aallada Beddelashada in ay "OFF". MOSFET hab yaraadan u dhigantaa "caadi ahaan la xiray" biiro.
2. Robab - transistor u baahan danab iridda-il inuu ka soo leexdo qalabka. Gain Mode MOSFET u dhiganta ku biiro leh "sida caadiga ah la xidhay" xiriiro.

Calaamooyinka transistors on wareeggeedii

line ka dhexeeya xidhiidhada ee godka iyo isha waa channel Semiconductor ah. Haddii jaantuska taas oo muujinaysa transistors MOSFET ah, waxaa wakiil ka ah line adag baruurta, element ka shaqeeya hab daaqa. Tan iyo markii ay hadda ku socdaan karaa godka iyo ilaa iriddii eber iman kara. Haddii channel ayaa lagu muujiyay line phantom ama line ka jabay, transistor ku shaqeeya hab u damaysay maxaa yeelay hadda la barwaaqaysan yahay eber iman kara iridda. jihada arrow waxay muujinaysaa channel ah tabinta ama nooca-p Semiconductor nooca p-. Oo transistors guriga waxaa loogu talagalay in si la mid ah sida dhigooda shisheeye.

Qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee transistor MOSFET

design ee MOSFET ah (oo la, ayaa ku tilmaamay faahfaahsan ee maqaalka) waa mid aad u kala duwan beerta ka. Labada nooc ee transistors waxaa loo isticmaalaa duurka oo korontada abuuray by danab iridda. Si aad u bedesho socodka sidayaal lacag, electrons ee n-channel ama furitaanka ee p-channel dhex channel il-ku shubeyso semiconductive. koronto iridda waxaa la dhigayaa on top of lakabka aad u dhuuban a qalabada iyo waxay leedahay labo ka mid ah gobollada yar nooca-p yar godka iyo isha electrodes.

ma lagu dabaqi karo ma xadaynta by qalab iridda dahaaran bilood transistor ah. Sidaa darteed waxaa suurtagal ah in ay ku xidhmaan iridda il MOSFET ee labada polarity (togan ama taban). Waxaa xusid mudan in transistors marar badan laga keeno badan dhigooda qoyska.

Taas ayaa ka dhigaysa qalab MOSFET waa si gaar ah faa'iido sida daaro ama qalabka macquulka ah ee elektaroonigga ah, sababtoo ah iyada oo aan saamayn dibadda, waxay inta badan ma qaban hadda. Sababtu waxa la gelin sare iska caabin iridda. Sidaa darteed, waxaa aad u yar ama gacanta Fudud waa lagama maarmaan u ah transistors bilood. Maxaa yeelay, iyagu waa aaladaha gacanta dibadda usoo noolaatay.

MOSFET hab yaraadan

mode yaraadan dhacdaa inta badan ka yar inta badan ka badan hababka faa'iidada aan danab eexda ka codsatay in ay iriddii. Taasi waa, channel ka heysta at eber iridda danab, sidaas darteed, qalabka "caadi ahaan la xiray". jaantus ayaa loo adeegsaday tilmaamista line adag sida caadiga ah la xiray channel tabinta.

Waayo, daaqa n-channel bilood transistor, a negative danab iridda-il waa negative, waxa uu baabi'in doono (Halkan magaca) ee qabashada transistor channel electrons ay lacag la'aan ah. Sidoo kale, waayo, p-channel bilood transistor waa yaraadan ee danab a iridda-il wanaagsan, channel ka baabi'in doonaa godadka ay lacag la'aan ah, dhaqaaqin qalab ee gobolka a non-qabashada. Laakiin sii socodka ah ee transistor ma ku xiran yahay waxa mode hawlgalka.

In si kale loo dhigo, hab yaraadan MOSFET n-channel ah:

1. danab wanaagsan ee godka waa tiro badan oo electrons iyo hadda.
2. Waxaa loola jeedaa danab yar xun oo hadda ka mid ah electrons.

-bedelka ayaa sidoo kale waa run, waayo, transistors p-channel. Iyadoo MOSFET hab yaraadan u dhiganta ku biiro "si caadi ah u furan".

N-channel bilood transistor in hab daaqa ah,

MOSFET hab yaraadan lagu dhisay si la mid ah sida in ka mid ah transistors field-saameyn. Waxaa intaa dheer, ee godka-il channel - lakabka ah tabinta la electrons iyo godad, oo waxa ay joogtaa nooca n-ama channels nooca-p. Noocan oo kale ah ay qorayeen channel a abuuraa iska caabin ah Jidka hooseeyo tabinta dhexeeya godka iyo isha la danab ku eber. Isticmaalka transistors inaad ahaatid u qaban kara cabirka ee hadda iyo voltages ee ay wax soo saarka iyo talooyin.

Gain Mode MOSFET

More caadi ah in transistors MOSFET waa hab faa'iido ah, waa inuu ku laabanayo hab daaqa ah. Waxaa qabashada channel khafiif doped ama undoped, taas oo ka dhigaysa waxaa non-tabinta. Tani waxay keenaysaa in xaqiiqda ah in qalabka hab aan waxtar lahayn ma aha qabashada (marka danab eexda iridda waa eber). jaantus The si ay u sharxaan noocan transistors bilood waxaa loo isticmaalaa line ka jabay si ay u muujiyaan channel sida caadiga ah u furan-qabashada.

Si loo hagaajiyo N-channel bilood godka transistor hadda ka duuli doona kaliya marka danab iridda laga codsadaa in ay iridda badan danab marinka weyn. By codsanaya danab wanaagsan iridda MOSFET nooca-p ah (in uu yahay, hababka qalliinka, wareeggeedii bedesheen waxa lagu sharaxay maqaalka) jiidata electrons dheeraad ah jihada of lakabka xabagta ku wareegsan iridda, sidaasna ay ku kordhiyaan faa'iidada (Halkan magaca) oo dhumucdiisuna waxay channel, jidaynayey socodka xorsan hadda.

Maqaallo hab Gain

Kordhinta danab iridda wanaagsan ka dhigi doonaa ah ee iska caabin in channel. Waxa aan ku tusi doono u ahaatid transistor ah, hubsada kara daacadnimada guurka kaliya. Si loo yareeyo koritaanka dheeraad ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kordhiyo hadda ku shubeyso. In si kale loo dhigo, si kor loogu qaado MOSFET hab n-channel ah:

1. A transistor signal fiican tarjumaysaa hab qaban a.
2. No signal ama miraheeda negative tarjumaysaa transistor hab nonconductive. Sidaa darteed, in hab ee MOSFET cod oo u dhiganta ku biiro "si caadi ah u furan".

caddaynta The faqa ansax yahay hababka ugu xoojiyo p-channel transistors bilood. At eber danab qalabka ee "OFF" iyo channel furan yahay. Dalbashada qiimaha danab taban iridda nooca-p MOSFET kordhay conductivity channel, tarjumaadda ay hab "On". Waxaad ka eegi kartaa adiga oo isticmaalaya ahaatid (digital ama wac). Markaas taliskii helaan MOSFET p-channel:

1. signal wanaagsan Eebay transistor "off."
2. Taban ka mid ah transistor in "On" mode.

hab faa'iido MOSFET N-channel

In Faahfaahin ku MOSFETs hab leeyihiin impedance talooyin ku yar hab qaban iyo nonconducting ah ay aad u sarayso. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira impedance aqbasho Rowan sare sababtoo ah iridda ku dahaaran. faa'iido Mode ee transistors loo isticmaalo wareeggeedii isku dhafan si ay u helaan irdaha macquulka CMOSka iyo Beddelashada ee wareeggeedii awood qaab sida PMOS (P-channel) iyo NMOS (N-channel) aqbasho. CMOSka - bilood waa kaabaha ee dareenka ah in ay tahay aalad macquul ah ayaa labadaba PMOS, iyo NMOS in ay design.

kordhiyo MOSFET

Just sida beer, transistors MOSFET waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay u kordhiyo class "A". Kordhiyo circuit la N-channel transistor bilood ee taliskii isha caadiga ah faa'iido waa kuwa ugu caansan. Sammeecado MOSFET hab daaqa oo aad u la mid ah wareeggeedii oo isticmaalaya qalabka beerta, marka laga reebo in MOSFET ah (in uu yahay, iyo noocyada ay yihiin, kor ka wada hadleen) ayaa impedance a talooyin sare.

impedance Tani waxaa gacanta ku network-jaridda resistive talooyin la aasaasay by resistors R1 iyo Red2. Dheeraad ah, signal saarka ee isha caadi ah transistors kordhiyo MOSFET in hab-weyneeye la rogay, sababtoo ah, marka danab aqbasho waa yar yahay, ka dibna marinka transistor furan. Tani waxa lagu xaqiijin karaa, isagoo in Arsenal ay ahaatid oo kaliya (digital ama wac). At aqbasho sare danab transistor ee hab ON ah, danab wax soo saarka waa mid aad u yar yahay.