Life iyo shaqada Bulgakov

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich waxa uu ku dhashay 1891, 3 (15) ee May. Waxa uu ku dhashay ee Kiev. Waalidiinta qoraa mustaqbalka - Barbara M. (shafeeco nee), oo macallin ka ah, ka dib markii - kormeeraha ku saabsan koorsooyinka dumarka. Aabbaha - sida macallin, oo uu ka shaqeeyay ee Kiev fiqi Academy ah. Michael ahaa wiilkii ugu weynaa ee qoyska ballaaran kaas oo waxaa jiray dhaqanka waa mid aad u xoog badan. Hal-abuurka Bulgakov iyo Biography, waxaan ku tilmaami doonaa in this article.

Study in dugsiga sare, rabitaankiisa tiyaatarka, suugaanta, guurka

Waxbarashada qabtay ugu horeysay ee gymnasium Kiev. Qoraaga mustaqbalka qalin kaliya labo marks fiican - si waafaqsan sharcigii Ilaah, iyo juqraafiga. Wakhtigan inuu xiiseynayo in masraxa (oo loo yaqaan, tusaale ahaan, by wadnaha "Aida" iyo "Faust") akhriyaa "xiiso leh" Saltykov- Shchedrina iyo Gogol sidoo kale ka muuqan wax soo saarka ugu horeysay, kaas oo shaqayn Bulgakov xusay.

In 1907, aabbihiis dhintay. In 1913, Bulgakov guursaday TN Lappe.

dhakhtarka shaqada

Xiliga laga 1916 in 1917 - dhamaadka University Kiev ee, halkaas oo uu ka bartay Kulliyadda Daawada. ka wac cudurka sii daayay, waxan danaynaynaa inaan qoraaga aado Zemstvo isbitaalka Ahaado. Meeshan waxaa ku yaalla tuulada Nikolskoye (gobolka Smolensk). Oo wakhti yar ka dib markii uu u tegey inuu Vyazma. "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah" waxay ku qoran oo ku salaysan waayo-aragnimo ka helay inta lagu jiro xilliga this.

Practice ee Kiev

(- sida cudurrada xubnaha galmada volnopraktikuyuschy gaarka ah) In 1918 Bulgakov in Kiev, halkaas oo uu isku dayaysa in ay ku hawlan yihiin dhaqanka caafimaad ku soo laabtay. Wakhtigan, sida laga soo xigtay qoraaga, waxaa loogu yeedhay sidii dhakhtar ee adeega si joogto ah oo dhan maamulka kii magaalada qabsadeen. Laakiin Bulgakov u suurtagashay in ay ka baxsadaan, oo Red Army, oo ka Petliura, "galaan" isaga.

adeeg ciidan, shaqada xirfadeed ee suugaanta

In 1919-1920 dhacdooyinka soo socda ka dhaca nolosha qoraaga. Bulgakov ahaa "abaabuli" Denikin wuxuu u diray North Caucasus la kooxda golaha ka. Halkanna wuxuu noqday mid ku lug leh suugaanta xirfadeed: waqtigan waxaa jiray sheekooyinka ugu horeysay ee wargeysyada of Vladikavkaz iyo Grozny, kaas oo ka tarjumaya dhaqdhaqaaqa naxariis cad, aragti ah "oo musiiba ah taariikhiga ah," ka gaabin ee Nicholas II, iwm Wuxuu ayaa ku lug lahaa sida dhakhtar dagaalka. Denikin, Socda hoos ciribtir ee Ciidanka Cas, tuuray Harar Bulgakov inay ka soo weeciyaan naftooda, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida aasaas u ah niyad jab ee kuwan "saaxiibo-in-hubka." Mr Mikhail bilaabmaa ay ka imanayaan shaqada heerka sub cas farshaxanka. Uu hawl ahaa warar ku saabsan Chekhov iyo Pushkin, qoraal ka riwaayadaha masraxa maxalliga ah, mid ka mid ah oo, loo yaqaan "Paris bulsho", oo xataa wuu u tegey inuu Moscow, ku tiirsan guusha ad ah in magaaladan tartanka.

U soo guurista Moscow

In 1921, Mr Mikhail gaaray Moscow, halkaas oo uu u tegey inay ka shaqeeyaan post ee xoghayaha waaxda suugaanta ee Commissariat Dadka. In search of shaqada si bilowgii Nép ah, oo marar badan wuxuu meeshiisii badala adeegga: editor ah Chronicle of mid ka mid ah wargeysyada gaarka loo leeyahay, entertainers, injineero, iwm Isla mar ahaantaana waxa ay degtaa on jardiinooyin, guri guri la wadaago, taas oo mar iska soo saaraha tubaakada. Marar badan caadooyinka guri №50 dhici doonaa noocyo kala duwan oo shuqullada uu ka samaysan yahay shuqulka Bulgakov.

In 1922, Mr Mikhail si firfircoon daabacay saxaafadda - in majaladaha sida "geeskii", "Work", "magazine Red for dhan", "tareenka", "Krasnaya Nivå" iyo kuwa kale.

Iskaashiga ee "midab dial", shuqullada cusub iyo guurka cusub

Xiliga laga 1922 in 1926 - kaashanaya wargeyska hoos magaca "Firimbi" oo lagu daabacay "Xaawa" ee Berlin wargeyska Ruush, kuwaas oo editor - AN Tolstoy, wakhtigaas aan weli ka soo laabtay.

Life iyo shaqada Bulgakov sannadaha 1923-1924 ay u soo bandhigaan soo socda laba dhacdooyinka waaweyn. In 1923 muuqataa novel ah "Fiiro gaar ah oo ku saabsan cuffs ah." sanadka soo socda, Mr Mikhail kulmay L. E. Belozerskoy, ka soo laabtay dalka Paris, iyada guursadaa.

In 1925, shaqada Bulgakov sii. U muuqataa "Diaboliad" - ururinta ugu horeysay, oo ka kooban sheekooyin garneel. Oo haddana wuxuu soo baxa iyo a collection of sheekooyinka loo yaqaan "The Ukun Fatal". Sannadkan waxa kale oo ay calaamad u abuurista qoraal gacmeedka "Heart of Dog ah" - oo shaqo ah oo kaliya ka dib markii 60 sano waxaa la daabacay.

Raadi Bulgakov

In May 1926, Bulgakov la sameeyay by search OGPU ah, qabta gacmeedka ee kor ku xusan, iyo sidoo kale qorada. Writer, tilmaamayo si joogta ah isaga codsanaya inuu ku soo laabto qalabkan oo aan qaadan codsiyada kuwa, jawaab ma, ayaa sheegay in ugu dhakhsaha badan lagu qasbi doonaa Midowga Ruushka ee Writers faasiqiin ah. Ka dib markii warqad this, ay ka mid yihiin qoraal gacmeedka ee "Heart of Dog ah" Bulgakov soo laabtay.

Shuqullada 1925-1928 sano

In sano ee 1925-1926 yimaado wareegga "Stories", iyo sidoo kale ururinta ka mid ah sheekooyin gaagaaban oo cinwaan looga dhigay "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah."

Waayo, muddada u dhaxaysa 1925 in 1927 sano waa dhacdooyinka soo socda. novel "The Guard White" waxaa la abuuray. In uu sharaxaad of play ah "Days of Turbin" la qoray oo waxay u dhiibeen ee 1926, taas oo ugu horumarey ee Art Moscow ee Tiyaatarka ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay waqti isku mid ah.

Laga soo bilaabo 1926 in 1928 Mikhail Bulgakov, kuwaas oo nolosha iyo shaqada soo bandhigay warqad this, ku qoray play ah oo lagu magacaabo "Running", oo kaliya 1957, markii ay arkeen dhagaystayaasha.

In 1926 sidoo kale ciyaarta "guri Zoyka" waxaa la abuuray, taas oo soo gudbisay Masraxa Vakhtangov ah. Oo ay la socdaan "Days of Turbin," waxaa la dhakhsaha badan noqday sabab u tahay cadaadiska dhaleeceyn tendentious.

In 1928 - mid ka badan gabal waayo masraxa ( "casaanka Island"). Waxaa la gaarsiiyey Tiyaatarka Chamber ee isla sanadkaas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyo waqtigan ku dhow isla markiiba play la mamnuucay.

Qiimeynta hal abuurka Bulgakov dhaleeceyn suugaanta

dhaleeceyn suugaanta 1920 daahay qiyaasay shuqulka Mikhail Bulgakov ee maratay xun. shuqulladiisa aan la daabacay, ma ciyaari masraxa. Tusaale ahaan, a comments negative loo yaqaan ku saabsan play ee Stalin ee "Orodka", taas oo, in uu aragtida, waa "arrin anti-Soviet." "Warqad Qashinka" loo yaqaan oo amiir u ahaa "casaanka Island". Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay cadaadis - Biography Bulgakov iyo hal-abuur ah oo ka hor ayaa inta badan lagu calaamadeeyay by saameynta xun ee xiriir la masuuliyiinta Soviet, weli aan shaqada oo sidaas daraaddeed aan hab, ayuu qoray wargayska "Dowladda oo ka mid ah USSR," warqad oo u soo diro si ay toddobadii cinwaanada hay'adaha kala duwan ee awooda. Isku dayga in la fahmo ay qaddar, ayuu yiri warqad uu u diray ay booska qoraaga, isagoo sheegay in uu ka jeeclaadeen Revolution Great ee Evolution weyn, in ka badan yahay dabiiciga ah, in uu aragtida, koorsada tartiib ah taariikhda. Waayo, guri Mihailu Afanasevichu ee 1930 April 18 yeedhay Stalin isaga qudhiisa, oo sabab u ah wada hadalka this, qoraaga ballanqaaday inuu shaqo Art Moscow Tiyaatarka bixiyaan. xaalad Bare heshiiska ahaa abuuridda ammaaneen shuqulka hoggaamiyaha. Later, ee 1939, play la qoray, cinwaankiisa yahay "Batum", ayaa sheegay sheekada ah "Hogaamiyaha Young ee." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mana ay ka kooban tahay midab awoodda sheeko midna ma dhergaan.

Shaqo ee Art Moscow Tiyaatarka

Tan iyo bilowgii wax shuqul ah nolosha iyo shaqada Moscow Art Tiyaatarka Bulgakov ayaa si weyn u bedelay. Bulgakov tan iyo bilowgii 1930 ee tiyaatarka ayaa noqday agaasimaha ku xigeenka. Waxaa loola jeedaa in muddo this of hamiday naftiisa Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), kuwaas oo markii dambe noqotay naagtiisii.

Waxa uu ka ciyaaraa "Aadan iyo Xaawo" muuqataa in 1931. iyo sanadka soo socda inta lagu guda jiro, ayuu qoray dhaqangalka ee Tolstoy ee "Nabadda iyo Colaadda" by si of Drama Bolshoi Tiyaatarka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaab this lama sara kicin.

In 1932, waxaa jiray qabsashada stage of "Naftooda Dhimatay" Gogol ee a. Ku soo laabtay daawadayaasha (at si shakhsi ahaaneed ee Stalin ee) "Maalmaha tamarta."

riwaayadaha loo yaqaan "The Cabal of Munaafiqiinta" waxaa la abuuray sano ee 1930-1936, dhigay 1943. Tani waxaa ka hormarey shaqada on "Life ee Monsieur de Moliere," sheeko taariikh nololeedkooda, ee 1932-1933. Waxaa la daabacay 1962.

Meel kale, "Naciima", sii daayay 1934 (ma daabacay ilaa 1966).

In 1934-1935 GG. baxay riwaayadaha cinwaankiisu ahaa "Maalmaha soo dhaafay", martigeliso on goobta ee 1943. Marka ugu horeysa waxaa la uuraysatay oo kaashanaysa V. V. Veresaevym.

Bulgakov oo diiday "Rework"

Xiliga laga 1934 si ay u 1936 waxaa astaan u ah dhacdooyinka soo socda. Waxaa ciyaar Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". Tani waxay u keeneen duubteen dharka ka dhacay Tiyaatarka shaqada Maadeys noqdey wax yar ka hor Ciyaar ah. Qoraagu wuxuu muddo ka 1928 si ay u 1936, ma hayo wax ka mid ah aan la daabacay, iyo sidoo kale masraxa aan hal xabbad, taas oo ka dhigan asalka shaqeeya MA Bulgakov. Mr Mikhail madax diido in ay "ka bedelida", isaga sheegayaa (tusaale ahaan, "reforge" Sarkaal kasta oo caddaan sheyga "Running" dhammayn gabay kacaan isla heesta "casaanka Island," iwm).

shuqullada Recent

In sano ee 1936-1937 "masrixiyada Hargabka" waxaa la abuuray (shaqo taalo). Waxaa la daabacay 1965.

Bulgakov 1938, wuxuu Abuuraa play ah oo lagu magacaabo "Don Quixote." Tan iyo bilowgii 1930 ilaa iyo dhamaadka naftiisa sidoo kale sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan uu shaqada ugu caansan, kaas oo la tilmaansado maanta in meesha ugu horeysa, waxbarashada shaqada ee Bulgakov - "The Master iyo Margarita".

Bulgakov ee 1940, ku dhintay Moscow ka cudur kalyaha ah, in qoyskiisa ahaa dhaxlo (hor maray ka aabbihiis u qoraa).

Tani dhameystiray noloshii iyo shaqadii of Mikhail Bulgakov - Hadda waxaa la aqoonsaday sida classic ah suugaanta Ruush.