Kooxda Seamy nolosha, ama waa ayo lumpen ah

Sida aan xusuusan taariikhda dugsiga, lumpenproletariat muddada asal Marx, sidaas muujiyey lakabka hoose. Tarjumay erayga Jarmal macnaheedu yahay "calal".

Tartiib tartiib, content semantic ah fikirkan ayaa la ballaadhiyey, oo noqday kuwa loo yaqaan mid kasta oo ka lumpen kan fadhiistay on the "hooseysa" ee bulshada: vagrants, dambiilayaasha, tuugsanaya, dhillooyin oo ku tiirsan oo kala duwan.

Koobaya Qeexidda yaqaan, waxaan dhihi karaa in lumpen erayga hadda jira fasalka midaysan dadka u diiday in ay hantida gaarka ah iyo shaqo cajiib ah, oo doorbiday in ay ku noolaadaan, kuwaas oo ama dheef kale bulshada.

Arts iyo farshaxan

In luqadda casriga ah, hawlaha lagu kordhin karaa in wadhfiyey dhalinyarada, fikrad this sii balaariyay. Haddaba markii ugaga lumpen erayga, macnaheeda waa la fahmi karaa in ugu yaraan saddex siyaabood:

• Dadka ka fasalada hoose (guri la'aan, khamriga, balwada);

• dad ka baxsan shirkadda (yarna);

• nin damiir, ma waafaqsan dhaqamada dadka anshaxa guud (miridhkeeda).

Sidaas darteed, hadda lumpen ah oo la odhan karaa wakiil ah bulshada wax fasalka haddii falalka uu ku haboon mid ka mid ah saddex qaybood galay. Halkan, tusaale ahaan, weedh ka saxaafadda, "koraa oo badiyaa DADKA lumpen", "haa, waan - ka lumpen-aqooneed ee" ama "class xukun this waa in Russia - the-xafiiseedyada lumpen".

Waa kuwee proletariat ku lumpen: xididdada falsafada nolosha

Taariikhyahanadu ayaa loo aqoonsaday in lumpen marka hore u muuqday in aan wakhtiyadii hore u, iyo siiyey kor u qaada class this ee gobolka addoon. In bulshada Roman qadiimiga ah, dhaqaalaha uu ku salaysan isticmaalka addoommo shaqada badan, iyo dadka dhulka yar, awood u lahayn in la beeraha waaweyn tartamaan, si deg deg ah u baabba'nay. Tani waxay siisay kor u qaada socdaalka mass beeralayda dalkoodii guuldarro magaalada.

Magac ahaan waxay haystaan oo dhan xuquuqda sida muwaadiniinta gobolka Roman: in ay ka qayb qaataan doorashooyinka, waxay leeyihiin xaqa codbixinta ee shirarka ee magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guri kasta oo ay ma lahayn, iyo shaqo - aad, qasbo iyaga si ay u ilaaliyaan oo ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka "iibiyo" votes ay taageero macaamiisha hodanka ah, ama adeegyo kale oo yar yar.

Xukuumadda Roman go'aansaday inay bixiyaan kaalmo dhaqaale si ay dadkan qaab a tallaabooyin culus hadhuudh (qiyaastii kala bar kg ah maalintii), taas oo ay heshay liiska gaar ah.

In Rome lumpenproletariat oo keliya in bilowgii Millennium ugu horeysay waxaa jiray qiyaastii 300 oo kun. Waxa uu bilaabay inuu si firfircoon uga qeyb qaataan oo dhan dagaal siyaasadeed iyo ciidan. isagoo aan danaha design gaar ah, dadka kuwanu waxay ahaayeen diyaar u ah inay u adeegaan qof kasta - oo kaliya in ay bixiyaan oo ay cuntada u gaar ah iyo helitaanka raaxaysata badnayn.

Maradiisa - "ilaalada xuduudka" bulshada

Well, waxa ku saabsan marginals ah? ka Latin turjumay, waxay ka dhigan tahay "xadka" oo loola jeedaa in qofka naftiisa ka uu koox bulsho fogeeyeen, laakiin ma uu karin inuu dhex galaan kale oo kasta. Number of kacay si weyn marka ay jiraan isbedel aad u deg deg ah si ay bulshada dib u habaynta, kacaanka, iwm

In Russia, habka this bilaabay boqornimadii Alexander II iyo dadaalka joogtada ah ee Witte iyo Stolypin. By bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, dalka uu hore u stratum weyn oo la naco oo reer qancinta kasta.

Mark suugaanta Ruush

Qoondeeyey in yarna iyo lumpen ay cilmi nafsiga gaar ah, ilaa xad si cad imprinted suugaanta our classical, sida Maxim Gorky, kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay kuwa lumpen ah. In play ah "guntiisa hoose", wuxuu soo ururiyey wakiilada oo dhan ayaa ceegaagta bulshada: Baron - sharaf, Actor - ka fanaaniinta, Satin - of intelligentsia farsamo, Bubnov - ka dabaqadda dhexe, Luca - ka yaroow iyo sax - ka proletarians.

Laakiin ma aha oo dhan loo saarin karaa in lumpen ka yarna. Waa ku filan tahay in ay khilaafsan tahay goobaha ereyada ay, joogi muuqaalka in arinkii la mid ah bulshada. "Yaa Joogo Well in Russia" Sidaas darteed, Nekrasov ee gabay, Dhab ahaantii, ku nool si xun wax kasta - ka wadaaddo u qaadunka.

Haddii marka imika laga bilaabo si ay u eegaan geesiyaal ah "The Cherry Orchard" by Chekhov, kulligood way wada dayrta hoos qeexidda yarna, oo guryaha kireeya, oo xaalado qasbi inay dalka soo iibiyo, domestics, oo jabsada; kabalyeeri, weli kulma la baabiiyo of serfdom; tagidda ardayga, riyoodaan kacaanka.

Gorky ahaa sawirka nafsi ah oo wakiil ka ah muuqashadii kale oo marginality - Nin ku socon "jejebiso" (qeexidda wax qora) ee deegaanka ay fasalka, gabi ahaanba ma qaadan qiyamkiisa, iyo waqti isku mid ah, sii wado si guul ah u fulinayaan waajibaadka xirfadeed ( "Egor Bulychev iyo dadka kale ").

Savva Morozov - goolasha ay xasee

Taariikhda industrialist halyeeyga Savva Morozov arrin ruuxa Gorky Bulycheva: waxaa la, sida la filayo, faa'idaysto shaqaalaha iyaga u gaar ah, iyo lacag ku bixisay on taageero oo ka mid ah kooxaha qaswadayaasha ah ee Kacaanka, oo la isaga qudhiisa ku qodaya godka a. Laakiin waxaa kale oo metsenatstvoval.

nolosha noocan oo kale ah ma laga yaabaa naxdin leh - in ay u adkeysan muran gudaha karin, ayuu ugu dambeyntii qudhiisa toogtay.

kala duwan: Lumpen iyo la takooro

In qaamuusyo ugu baaqaday in lumpen iyo yarna - tani waa dabeecad caadi ah dadka ayaa laga badiyay xiriiri deegaanka bulshada, waxay noqdeen kuwa la naco bulshada. Laakiin waa maxay farqiga u dhexeeya?

Caddee kuwa lumpen ah. Marka la qeexo, kuwani waa qoom ayaa laga badiyay xiriir ma aha oo kaliya uu koox bulsho, laakiin sidoo kale laga badiyay hab kasbasho nololeed ay, isagoo isha lahayn dakhli. Maradiisa had iyo jeer waa qarkii: ay ka dhiidhiyaan, iyo eekaan qof - lagama helin. Oo saasna waxay lagu qasi karaa inta u dhaxaysa laba sifooyinka ku xiga ee subculture ah.

In si kale loo dhigo, lumpen lahayn shaqo joogto ah iyo ku nool on shaqo cajiib ah, faa'iidooyinka bulshada, ama sharciga jebiso. Kuwa la naco - qof oo ku nool gobolka soohdinta, awoodin in ay la qabsadaan si xaqiiqada dhabta ah la beddelo.

Waxaa soo baxday in lumpen iyo la takooro - waxay yihiin laba kooxood oo kala duwan ee bulshada casriga ah. Marginality - waa halkii dissidence soo jireenka ah ee nin, badiyay adduunka ah oo aan u dhigmin uu filayo.

Dhinaca kale, kuwaas oo lumpen ah - koox dad ah oo aan wax arrimaha bulshada la xiriira, ma abuuray ee qiimaha, noole ah oo ku saabsan jirka ka mid ah bulshada.

Yarna - description ma aad sasabashada badan. lumpen yeedhay, waxay ka dhigan tahay in ay xumayn.