Jonas Savimbi: dagaalyahan ah xoriyadda Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (dhashay 03/08/34 ee Portuguese Angola - 22/02/02 lagu dilay meel u dhow Lukusse, ibid) - siyaasiga ah, hoggaamiye ka mid ah mucaaradka dhuumaalaysiga ah ee ka dhanka ah dowladda simaha Angola ee Soviet-ku taageeray ee.

CV

Wiilka uu dhalay kii madaxa u ahaa saldhiga tareenka Jonas Savimbi ahaa in dugsiyada adeegayaasha oo helay deeq waxbarasho waxbarasho dibadda ah. daawo Wuxuu bartay at the University of Lisbon ee dalka Portugal, iyo ka dib kasbaday doctorate ah oo cilmiga siyaasadda ka dhiga jaamacadda ee Lausanne, Switzerland, 1965

Iyadoo Africa on map dunida waxaa inta badan ka kooban deegaanada mid ah dalalka Yurub - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, UK, Spain iyo Portugal. gumeysi A of dambe oo ahaa dhashay ee Zhonasha. In 1961 Savimbi biiray Holden Roberto, hogaamiyaha dhaqdhaqaaqa madax ka ah Midowga Angola Dadka (UPA), Col of Movement Popular ah ee Liberation of Angola (MPLA, xisbi Markis iyo Lennin-"shaqada"). Waxa uu la UPA ka qarxay sanadkii 1966 oo la sameeyey madaxa UNITA (UNITA), kaas oo la diriray Gumaystihii reer Portugal.

Africa on map dunida geopolitical ah

In 1965, Savimbi go'aansaday inuu soo dhiso dhaqdhaqaaq u gaar ah, oo waxay bilaabeen inay raadiyaan taageero. Waxay ka China, halkaas oo isaga iyo qaar ka mid ah saraakiishii uu la marti qaaday in ay dabcan sagaal bilood ee dagaalka dhuumaalaysiga yimid. In Beijing, oo amiir u ahaa ee UNITA oo, la kulmay Mao Zedong iyo madaxda kale ee ciidamada iyo siyaasadda ee kacaanka dalka Shiinaha. Savimbi bartay xeeladaha loo isticmaalo si wax ku ool ah ka dib in Angola. Later, markii uu caawinaad ka dalalka reer galbeedka doondoonay, Zhonash inkaastoo uu booqashada ku Shiinaha. Gaar ahaan, waxa uu sheegay in Mao iyo Communists ma baratay kaliya sida loo dagaalamo iyo ku guuleysto dagaalka dhuumaalaysiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale hab waa in aan loo maareeyo dhaqaalaha iyo dalka, in uu yahay. Si aad. Maalka quruumaha abuuray hindisaha ah oo ay shakhsiyaad.

abaabulka

Marka in Angola soo laabtay, Jonas Savimbi bilaabay inuu abaabulo uu ovimbundu qabiilka iyo wadamada kale. Dawladda ayaa u hareeraysnayd tan guriga iyo faquuqay caalamka. November 10, 1975 Portugal rasmi ah ka tanaasushay ay gacanta ku hayaan in ka badan gobolka Afrika. Waxaa jiray halgan deg deg ah oo qadhaadh waayo, xoog, taas oo keentay in Movement Popular ee Liberation of Angola laftiisa sheegay in dawladda cusub. Ka dib markii xisbiga dibad MPLA, UNITA casuumay in ciidamada Cuba iyo hub Soviet loo isticmaalaa in lagu adkeeyo awoodda. Soon Zhonash ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ka cararaan oo qoto dheer galay Angola kaliya darsin dhowr ah oo taabacsan.

waxaa jira dhanka ah saldanad ah Soviet, kuwaas oo bedelay tababaraha reer Portugal, soo jiitay oo u yeedhay ciidanka cusub. Iyada oo taageero hub iyo tababarayaasha ka South Africa, Savimbi abaabulay ah ciidamada mucaaradka awood badan oo hufan. Muddo markii la joogaba Dowladda Angola iyadoo la kaashanayo ciidanka Cuba oo isku dayay in la burburiyo hubka Soviet in UNITA, laakiin jabhada lagu qabtay aag aad u ballaaran, kuwaas oo weeraray xafiisyada dawladda, waddooyinka tareennada iyo khadadka sahayda.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii qaboobaa Savimbi gargaarka ka China, South Africa iyo Maraykanka helay sida soo horjeeda MPLA ee Markis, Soviet-shabaab, kuwaas oo ay gacanta ku hayso dowladda dhexe. UNITA sii si ay u qabtaan dagaalka dhuumaalaysiga ah qarandumis ka dhanka ah MPLA lagu jiro 1970 iyo 80s.

wadahadal nabadeed

In guga ee 1991 Ciidamada Savimbi hoos xirtay caasimadda Luanda, jarida khadadka korontada iyo dhexda shixnadaha. In dhamaadka, MPLA ah ayaa lagu qasbay inuu qirto in siyaasadaha ay dhab ahaantii gacan ka formation of daynta 20-bilyan oo dollar of Angola ah iyo la'aanta gebi ahaanba wax soo saarka. Madaxweynaha MPLA Jose Eduardo dos Santos ayaa isku raacay in ay la xaajooto Savimbi iyo UNITA, iyo sidoo kale xirmo ee dib u habaynta loogu talagalay horumarinta dhaqaalaha. Heshiishyadii nabadda ee lagu saxiixay May 31, 1991, iyo dagaalka ugu dhakhsaha badan joojiyay.

Ka dib markii in, Jonas Savimbi, oo ay taageerayaan ku taageerayaasha xamaasad leh, lagu qabtay olole madaxweynaha Angola oo dhan. Waxaa weli ayaa balan qaaday in UNITA bari doonaa dhaqaalaha suuqa, doorashooyin xor ah oo joogto ah iyo lahaanshaha gaarka ah ee dalka iyo ganacsiga. Inta lagu guda jiro bax ka dhacay caasimada bishii September 1991-kii, ayaa sheegay in Savimbi in xoogga uu xisbiga keliya ma aha ee hubka iyada, laakiin sidoo kale in ay joogaan siyaasadeed.

Loss on doorashooyinka

heshiis nabadeed la Dowladda Angola ayaa dagaal la joojiyay, taas oo ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah si uu u qabto sanadkii 1992 doorashadii xisbiyada badan free qaranka. Ka dib markii laga badiyay Savimbi iyo UNITA dib u bilaabay halganka hubaysan xakamaynta dalka, heysteen meelo badan oo baadiyaha. Wada xaajoodka ayaa mar kale lagu qabtay, taas oo keentay in heshiiska Lusaka ee 1994. Colaad ahaayeen in ay joojiyaan, iyo xoog lahaa in la hubka. Madaxweynaha Angola Jose Eduardo dos Santos, Savimbi soo jeediyay inuu noqdo mid ka mid ah labada madaxweyne ku xigeenka, iyo UNITA - qaybgalka dowladda. Zhonash danbe diiday soo jeedinta, iyo in 1997 uu si rasmi ah u magacaabay hoggaamiyaha mucaaradka. Sannad ka dib post la baabiiyo. In 1996, Savimbi sheegay in ay sii hayn doona gacanta gobollada diamond qaali ah ee waqooyi bari Angola, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa lagu wareejiyay xukuumadda ee 1998.

dhimashada

muddo dagaalkii qaboobaa ayaa muddo dheer ku dhamaatay, iyo UNITA waxaa la kulma dhibaatooyin la xiriira maalgelinta. Bishii September 1998, Savimbi soo wajahay mucaaradka gudaha ururka ah, marka koox laftiisa wacaya UNITA-R, isaga riixay iyo hogaanka naftooda. Laga soo bilaabo in xisbiga waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex jajab. Dowladda Angola iyo Horumarinta Koonfurta Afrika si rasmi ah u aqoonsaday UNITA-R. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in March 2001, Jonas Savimbi weydiistay dib wadahadalo iyo muujiyay sida uu diyaar inay aqbalaan shuruudaha Heshiiska Lusaka ah. Iyadoo dowladda ayaa dalbaday xabad joojin ah iyadoo shardi u ah bilowga wadahadalo cusub, Savimbi on Church Catholic ayaa ku baaqay in ay dhexdhexaadiyaan in khilaafka. Dagaalka ayaa sii waday oo dhan 2001 oo ku fiday dalalka deriska ah, Zambia iyo Namibia. Ciidamada Dowladda sii waday in ay dhibi Zhonasha iyo ugu dambeyntii waxaa kor loogu qaaday isaga oo leh ee gobolka bari Moxico. Savimbi ahaa weerar gaadmo ah oo lagu dilay. dhimashadiisa bishii April 2002 ka dib markii, heshiis nabadeed la saxiixay dhexeeya UNITA iyo Dowladda Angola.