Isbarbardhigga of raxan gujis ee Russia iyo Mareykanka ah, kuwaas oo ka xoog?

Inta u dhaxaysa America iyo Russia muddo dheer waa halgan ee shiidaa dhammaan dhinacyada dhaqdhaqaaqa. tartanka hubka waa tartan dalka saaxiibka joogto ah. Hogaamiyaha Absolute si ay u aqoonsadaan oo ku guuldareystay sanadihii la soo dhaafay. Fadilmo in waaxda warshadaha difaaca si joogto ah laga soo gudbo hal gobolka in kale. In warshadaha gaar ah sida raxan gujis, haatan ku jirta booska ugu horeysay ee United States.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah wax had iyo jeer ma ahaayeen in wakhtiga Soviet oo timir ah lagu qabtay gudaha soo saare. Thanks to saldhig awood badan, abuuray by samaynta Soviet, xataa xilligan la joogo in salka raxan Ruushka waxaa jira dhacdooyin gaar ah, oo aan lahayn analogues ee dunida. Sidaas dib oo dhan, kuwaas oo raxan gujis waa ka itaal - Russia ama Maraykanka? Yuu yahay guusha tartanka - farsamo gaar Ruush ama American.

nuqulkii koowaad ee gujiska

Is barbar dhig, kuwaas oo raxan gujis waa ka itaal (Russia ama USA), ayaa bilaabay qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. Markaas mawduuca muranka ahaa gujis ugu horeysay ujeedooyin milatari. Long aan go'aan ka gaari waayay oo noqon lahaa sameeysa ugu horeysay ee qalab noocan oo kale ah.

Samaynta iyo tijaabiyeyaal horeysay weel quuska jiray Korneeliyos Drebbel. Tani waa jirka ah iyo injineer ka Holland. Imtixaanida uu horumarka uu on Thames River ka qaatay. Markabka ayaa ahaa doon. Haraggeeda ahaa maqaarka ah lagu qooyay oo saliid. Maamulka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa qaadeen sabab u seebab ah. Waxay ahaayeen meel u dhow meesha bannaan ee quuska. markabka waxaa ku jiri kara saddex askari iyo laba iyo toban seebab. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta taariikhiga ah ee imtixaanada uu ka qeyb galay Korol Yakov I. sooc ka dhisay markabka in la isaga loo ogol yahay in meesha quuska dhowr saacadood. Xadka of qoto dheer ee bilowga ah waa loo siman yahay ilaa shan mitir.

Laakiin horumarinta dheeraad ah kala gooyey by dhimashada Drebbel. Uu continuer iyo fikradaha ahaa saynisyahan kale oo ka soo France ayaa qoraal hage ku ool ah si loo dhiso weelashii gujis ah. Sida laga soo xigtay talooyinka uu, doon waa in la sameeyaa of biraha (doorbidayaa copper), waa in ay u eg qaab kalluunka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, geesaha fiiqan waa in ay ahaadaan. Si loo hagaajiyo cutubkan in diyaarad cabbir muhiim ma aha.

Horumarinta ee dalalka soo horjeeda

Isbarbardhigga gujis Ruush iyo ciidamada badda Mareykanka bilaabmaa qalabka ugu horeysay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay la dhisay iyadoo farqiga ah nus qarni ah. Waxaa siinayaa xaq u leedahay in ay sheegayaan in bilowgii taariikhda gujis ee labada dal ah oo ku saabsan la mid ah.

Modern raxan gujis Ruush inta badan waxaa sabab u ah ninka ay Efim Nikonov, kaas oo ah markab oo bilaabay horumarka teknoolajiyada iyo hababka dhismaha quusta. Waxa uu ahaa nijaar fudud ka tuulo u dhow Moscow Pokrovskoye. Waxa uu doonayay in ay ogaadaan in uu design nolosha iyo diray warqad codsi ah si Peter aan, taas oo mashruuca la soo jeediyay ee gujis ah. Fikradda ah weel qarsoodi ah, taas oo ay awoodaan in ay wada baabbi'in maraakiibta cadowga in ay yihiin boqorkii aad u soo jiitay ka soo noqon doonaa. On amar uu, Nikonov ahaa ee St. Petersburg iyo bilaabay inuu wax dhiso qalabka. Mashruucan ayaa waxaa la keenay nolosha muddo saddex sano ah. In tijaabo ugu horeysay ee aan shaqsi ahaan ka soo qayb galay Peter I. In waqti gaaban, bedelayaan iyo horumarinta mashruuca, nijaar tayo ku habboon ee flamethrowers Baaruud markabka. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku, maxaa yeelay, guusha sida, soo jeediyay in la bilaabo dhismaha qaabeynta weel weyn isla. Laakiin rajada of this dhab arkay oo keliya Peter aniga iyo uu dhintay ka dib horumarinta meel bannaan oo quuska joogsadeen. Marna dhameystirtay doon qurmay in Hoosada.

geeddi socodka Hagaajinta ee wax soo saarka

Isbarbardhigga of raxan quuska of Russia iyo Mareykanka waa wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan sheegin guulaha ay saynisyahano iyo injineero, kaas oo noqday aasaas u ah horumarinta ganacsiga casriga ah. Waayo, markii ugu horraysay ee mashruuca la bilaabay sannaddii afraad iyo soddonaad ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad. Madaxa mashruuca ayaa ahaa K. A. Shilder, kuwaas oo ahaa injineer military by tababarka.

design ee markabka waxaa ka mid ah istaroog gaar ah, gargaarka kuwaas oo dhaqdhaqaaqa mishiinka biyaha hoostooda. Iyada oo ay design la qaatay mabda'a bionics, in waa in la abuuro qalab farsamo ayaa la tixgeliyey sharciyada dabiiciga ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, injineer ka soo dhowaadeen inay la dhismeedka cagaha diiqu ee dareenka. aaladaha noocan oo kale ah lagu geliyey lammaane labada dhinac ee jidhka. In si ay u ordaan kuwan "cagaha", waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la sameeyo dadaal ah badmaax-seebab. Waxa ay ahayd mid aad u raaxo, maxaa yeelay, xawaaraha ma ahaa mid aad u xoog leh ugu dadaalka cajiib ah markabka. Waxay u koraan laga yaabaa in ay ugu badnaan nus kiiloomitir saacaddiiba. Si loo horumariyo hanaanka iyo u noqoto mid wax soo saar leh oo hufan qiimo jaban, maamulaha mashruuca ayaa la qorsheeyay in ay isticmaalaan qalabka korontada. Laakiin horumarinta warshadaha this socday aadamiga iyo gudbee, iyo waxa ay si adag u hakiyo hordhaca ah ee fikradaha cusub.

doontu waxa ay ahayd a-style military. On hubka iyada ayaa bilaabay gantaalo. dhibaatooyin fara badan ayaa wiiqay fikrad this, iyo casriyeynta ee doonnidii la joojiyay.

Isticmaalka engine ee raxan-gujiska

Marxaladda xigta ee horumarinta raxan gujis waa sal-galay design ka mid ah matoorada maraakiibta. The first to go'aankan yimid hindisa I. F. Aleksandrovsky. Si ay u hirgeliyaan fikradaha uu, uu u doortay engine in waddaa on hawada tilmaantay Tifaftirayaasha BBC. hindisa ayaa ogaaday inuu fikrad dhaqan. doon waxaa laga sameeyey sida uu design. Laakiin mashruuc laftiisa aan si gaar ah guul, sababtoo ah wax soo saarka weli waa miskiin. xawaaraha Engine oggol yahay gunti badh inuu dabaasho kaliya seddex miles ka fog.

Horumarka fulinta fikrado ku gaareen kaliya hindisa kale Ruush S. K. Dzhevetsky. Isbarbardhigga of raxan gujis ee Russia iyo Mareykanka siinayaa xaq ah oo u sheegay in xilligan la joogo ee alifay Ruush ayaa sameeyey horumar degdeg ah a, maxaa yeelay, Drzewiecki helay uu engine doon in kaxeeya shuqulka batteriga. Waqtigaas, dunida ma ahan mid u gaar ah si ay markabka noocan oo kale ah, kuwaas oo ka soo korontada yaabaa inay u dhaqaaqdo. Marka cutubkan gaari karaan xawaare ka mid ah afar kuus kuus.

"Zip" doonnidiina ayaa loogu talagalay by hindisa la mid ah. Its feature ugu muhiimsan waa isbarbardhigga of raxan gujis ee Russia iyo Mareykanka ay mar kale siinaysaa Ruush (Markabka sida meel kasta oo dunida wakhtigaas ma ahayn) hogaanka, waa hal engine a. khasaare kaliya ee qalabka waa wax raad ah ee foomka of goobooyin, taas oo ay ka dambeeya ka baxo. Taasi waa sababta oo ah heerka ugu hooseeya ee shareeraysaa ma waxaa loo isticmaali karaa ujeedooyin milatari.

Iyadoo warshadaha waxaa si firfircoon uga socday horumarinta iyo fulinta rakiban tamarta. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga in qorsheyaasha iyo mabaadii'da sida la sameeyay, kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo in design ah ee doonyaha ilaa hadda. Horumarinta fuliyay qaybta hubka. Drzewiecki ayaa loogu talagalay tuubooyinka toorbiidyo, oo waxay ahaayeen raxan gujis hubaysan muddo dheer. Laakiin warshadaha backwardness sida Injineernimada korontada iyo warshadaha baabuurta, lama oggola in la abuuro markab dagaal buuxa fuliya.

Submarine "hoomboro"

Isbarbardhigga raxan gujis Ruush iyo Maraykanka waxay noqon kartaa mid si hufan cutubkan. Markabka ayaa la dhisay horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad oo ay deked markab Bubnov iyo Goryunov Baltic ee St. Petersburg. nidaamka propulsion oo ka kooban laba qaybood. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u engine in waddaa on baatrool, iyo tan labaad - motor koronto. horumarinta waxa uu ahaa sidaas u awood badan iyo sheeko, in astaamaha farsamo ka xoogbadan, mishiinka American "Fulton".

Laga bilaabo halkan on, horumarinta raxan gujis Ruush tageen si dhakhso ah. Diyaariyey shaqaale u qalma. Laga soo bilaabo horumarinta mashruuca, warshadaha ayaa noqday nooc ka mid ah dalka lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ay ciidamada dagaalka. Dowladda si buuxda u taageeraan waaxdan. Oo markii hordhaca ah ee calaamad gaar ah oo doonayay sarkaal gujis in ay u adeegaan ee ciidamada, kuwaas oo kor u sida baaxadda awoodda oo dhan.

Modern Ruush Navy

Waqtigan xaadirka ah ee Navy ee Ruushka ka kooban yahay shan kala qaybsanaanta. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxa ay ka koobnaayeen dusha iyo gujis ciidamada. Aqoonsiga qaybaha soo socda cutubyo ciidanka:

1. Baltic Fleet. saldhiga ugu weyn ee ka kooban this waxa uu ku yaalaa bari. flagship waa in baabbi'iyuhu "Baxayn". Ciidamada Villarreal Baltic waxaa lagu gartaa saddex quusta naaftada. By habka, isbarbardhigga of Russia iyo raxan ah gujis US (2016) soo jeedisay in noocan ah hay'adaha ka jira oo keliya dhulka Ruush. Maraykanka ka-soo-saarka ah ee noocan ah ee weelasha muddo dheer ka tagay.
2. Northern Fleet. saldhiga ugu weyn ee ka kooban this waa in Severomorsk. Waa flagship culus markab ay gantaal nuclear "Petr Veliky". Ruush gujis Northern Fleet qoreysa kala duwan oo badan oo ah hab. On ku salaysan qaybtaan waa saddex Cruiser gujis gantaalo culus iyo siddeed gujis gantaalaha ballistic. Quusta waqooyiga daydo raxan Russia bandhigay gantaalaha (3 cutub), badan loo qaaradda (12 unug), naaftada (8 unug), ujeedo gaar ah (2 unug).
3. Black Sea Fleet. saldhiga ugu weyn ee ka kooban this waa in Sevastopol. Waa markab ay gantaal flagship "Moskva". qayb quuska ay matalayaan labada quusta naaftada.
4. Fleet Pacific. saldhiga ugu weyn ee ka kooban this waa in Vladivostok. Waa markab ay gantaal flagship "Varyag". Ciidamada Villarreal leeyihiin on the Cruiser gujis dheelitirka 5 gantaal, 6 quusta nuclear la gantaalaha, 7 multi-Ujeedada quusta nuclear iyo 8 daydo naaftada.
5. Caspian ka wadaan. saldhiga ugu weyn ee ka kooban this waa in jaaket. flagship waa markabka roondada "Tatarstan". Cutubkani ma laha in ay gujis Halabuurka.

baabuurta Multi-Ujeedada

Isbarbardhigga Russia iyo raxan Maraykanka gujis (2016, sida sannadood oo kale, ma keeni xalkaas ka weyn ee ku yaala goobahan) oo u ogolaanaya oo dhan si ay u qiimeeyaan iman kara ee ciidamada badda. Mid ka mid ah baabuurta ugu muhiimsan, taagan on qalabka farsamo ee ciidanka xoogga kasta badda awood - waa doon, food leh xalinta dhibaatada dabiiciga ah taatikada. Ujeedada maraakiibta, kuwaas oo - waa u baabba 'bartilmaameedyada dusha cadowga iyo guuldaradii hayaan goobaha ee xeebta. Sida hub loo isticmaalo gantaalaha iyo torpedoes. Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca quusta hub kala yihiin:

• la gantaalaha,
• la torpedoes;
• la gantaalaha iyo torpedoes.

US Navy Force Submarine ayaa tiro badan oo ah maraakiibtooda quusta waa dabeecadda taatikada. Waxa uu diiradda saarayaa sida weel fikradda ciidamada guud ee America. Haddii aad qaadato nidaamka qoondaynta kala duwan, sida tayada, ka dibna waxaa jira ma kala saari karaa hoggaamiye cad. Tan waxa u sabab awood sare farsamo ee labada dal.

Doonyood oo hawl-taatikada US

Sidee khatar ah gujis Navy Maraykanka, sidaas darteed tani waa noocan ah maraakiibtooda quusta. On ku salaysan Navy Maraykanka waa sagaal iyo konton daydo noocan ah. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid (taas oo ah sagaal iyo soddon maraakiibta) ayaa laga soo sheegay on sheet dheelitirka weli waa sannaddii toddoba iyo lixaad ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay ka. Waxaa loo yaqaan "Los Angeles" oo ka tirsan iyo farcanka saddexaad. Sida laga soo xigtay nooca hubka ay ka tirsan tahay nooc ka mid ah isku qasan. Waxaa ka mid ah gantaalaha anti-markab "damrad" iyo torpedoes. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay si tartiib tartiib ah baxaan markabka ka wareegga iyo ku baddallo kuwa lagu daydo cusub. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in la fuliyo casriyeynta ah da'da ah.

Waxaad soo duuduubo on qarniga afraad ah doomo. In ay u socdaan in lagu badalo "Los Angeles". Waxaa ka mid ah lagu daydo sida "Virginia" iyo "Badda Wolf". Arintaan waxaa la sameeyey in sagaashankii ah. Its dhismaha oo qiimihiisu yahay afar iyo badh billion dollars. Laakiin qiimaha xaq ku soo koobin farsamo. Waxaa ku qalabeysan yahay oo adag awood leh ee gantaalaha iyo torpedoes. Sidoo kale, waa feature a heerka hoose ee buuqa timaada. Iyadoo sii daayo ee doonnida model kasta noqdo kaamil ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, is barbar raxan gujis Ruush iyo Mareykanka (2017) ku siinayaa xaq u leedahay in ay sheegayaan in qoyska "Ash" waa ineysan si "Badda Wolf" taxane ugu horeysay.

US faa'iido

US iyo raxan gujis Ruush for 2016 ma aha oo kaliya ka kooban a taranta, laakiin sidoo kale qarniga model ah. gujis American "Virginia" waxaa loogu talagalay in wax badan ka dambeyn ah "Badda Wolf". Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, sifooyinka farsamo oo ka mid ah "Seawolf" wax badan ka hor inta uusan raacsane. Haddii aan is barbar labadan daydo American leh gudaha "Ash", waxaa meel waa in u dhexeeya. Features iyo faa'iidooyinka gujis Ruush waa tayada hubka. "Movement" ay ku jiraan badan ka wanaagsan yahay Mareykanka "Tomahawk" gantaalaha.

Ka mid ah lagu daydo Ruush oo kaliya "Severodvinsk" waa heer ka mid ah doonyaha fiican American. Laakiin waxa uu ka mid yahay kaliya, laakiin lahu sharkuu arkaa dhismaha saddex mashruuc oo dheeraad ah. Laakiin by wakhtiga ay la dhisi doonaa, America geli doono marxalad cusub oo horumarineed.

daydo naaftada

Maraakiibtan gujis Ruush (photo hoose) soo bandhigay go'an awood of daydo naaftada. Arrintani waxay ka duwan waaxda Maraykanka qoyska. In Maraykanka on arrinta noocan ah doomo ka baxay xitaa dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. In Russia, gujis noocan oo kale ah ma aha oo keliya ma aha socday in ay ka baxaan ka sheet dheelitirka, laakiin waxay ku wadaan inay si firfircoon uga soo saaro iyo nadiifin. Inta badan weelashii noocan ah waa model ah la casriyeeyay oo ka mid ah "Warszawianka". In ay farsamo waxay yihiin liita quusta nuclear, laakiin on hubka - ma at dhan.

bilowga ah ee naaftada "Kalina" ayaa la qorsheeyey in ay markab mustaqbalka. Its farqiga waa engine in ay maamushaa oo aan ogsijiin. model noocan oo kale ah waxay noqon kartaa in meel bannaan oo quuska muddo bil, oo ma u baahan doontaa inaad ah.

Sidaas daraaddeed, Navy Maraykanka hadda waa ay ugu sarreysey ee horumarinta. Navy Russia ayaa sidoo kale dambaysaa marka la eego tayada, inkastoo hadda shaqada cilmi firfircoon on dhowr jiho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lama yaqaan nooca horumarinta noqon doono tababaraha ugu guulaha badan.