Ilya Mechnikov - abuure ah aragtida ah gacanta ahaasho

Intii lagu guda jiray qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah, dhakhaatiirta iyo bayoolajiga of time in si firfircoon baaritaan doorka wareer ah ee horumarinta cudurada faafa, iyo sidoo kale fursad ay ku sameeyaan difaaca macmal ah iyaga. Cilmi-baarisyadaasi waxay keentay in daraasadda of xaqiiqooyinka ku saabsan ilaalinta dabiiciga ah ee jirka cudurada. Pasteur bixiyeen beesha sayniska fikradda ah waxa loogu yeero "ciidamada dhammaaday." Sida laga soo xigtay aragtida this, difaac viral waa xaalad taas oo jidhka bini'aadamka ma aha nafaqo ah wakiilada faafa faa'iido. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikrad this ma sharixi kartaa dhowr ah oo la arkay ay wax ku ool ah.

Seefqaad: Aragti gacanta ahaasho

Aragtida sidaan u muuqday in 1883kii. Abuuraha reer aragtida ah ee difaaca gacanta ay ku salaysan tahay waxbarista Charles Darwin, oo ay ku salaysan tahay diraasad ku saabsan sidii dheefshiidka ee xoolaha, kuwaas oo ku yaalla marxaladaha kala duwan ee horumar. Author ee aragtida cusub ee uu ka helay qaar ka mid ah egyihiin in dheefshiidka intracellular walxaha in unugyada endoderm, amoebae, macrophages nudaha iyo monocytes. Dhab ahaantii, aragtida ah gacanta of difaac abuuray by nin cilmiga nafleyda barta caanka Ruush Ilya Mechnikov. Isaga oo ka shaqayn nawaaxiga this socday muddo ku filan. iyaga Helitaanka dib iyo tan iyo magaalada Talyaaniga ee Messina, taas oo biolojiste si ay u dhawraan anshaxa of boodada badda iyo dirxiga of xiddigaha badda.

pathologist A ogaaday in unugyada Baadi arkay xayawaan jirka shisheeye waxa ku wareegsan, oo markaas iyaga u nuugo. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa in iyaga la baabbi'iyo, oo lagu xaliyo kuwa nudaha in aan loo baahnayn by jidhka ka badan. Oo wuxuu kaloo sameeyey dadaal weyn si ay u horumariyaan oo ay fikradda. Abuuraha reer aragtida ah ee difaaca gacanta ayaa soo bandhigay, in fact, ereyga "unugyada phagocytic" oo ka soo jeeda erayada Giriigga ah ee "fages" - iyo cuno "kitos" - cell. Taasi waa erey cusub oo macno ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa in habka of cunaya unugyada. Fikradda ka mid ah phagocytes saynisyahan yimid wax yar ka hor, markii aan ka barta dheefshiidka intracellular unugyada kala duwan connective unugyada ee xawayaanka: buushka, amoebas oo kale.

The wakiillo ka socda dunida xayawaanka sare phagocytes ugu caadiga ah waxaa loo yeedhi karaa unugyada dhiiga cad, ie leukocytes. Later, iyo Abuuraha reer aragtida ah ee difaaca gacanta ku bixiyeen in unugyadan wadaagaan in macrophages, iyo macrophages. sax ayaa la xaqiijiyay in ay gaaraan saynisyahan-soociddiisa this P. Ehrlich in la kala saaro noocyada kala duwan ee leukocytes by xayd. In shuqulladiisa classic u huray in cudurada of gubasho, iyo Abuuraha reer aragtida ah gacanta ahaasho ahaa si ay u caddeeyaan doorka unugyada phagocytic ee geedi socodka of tirtiridda wareer ah ay awoodaan. Horeba in 1901 uu dunida u yimid ee uu shaqada aasaasiga ah difaac cudurada faafa galay. Waxa intaa dheer in Ilya Mechnikov ah, gacan weyn ka ah horumarinta iyo faafinta aragtida ah phagocytic ahaasho by IG dhigay Savchenko, FY Chistovich, LA Tarasevich, AM Birch, VI Isayev iyo tiro ka mid ah cilmi kale.