Foomamka ah waayo-aragnimada qof

Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee dareenka ee aadanuhu waa wax soo saarka ah ee ay horumarka taariikhiga ah. Waxay aad u kala duwan oo ka dareen xoolaha yihiin. In geeddi-socodka ah ee horumarinta shaqada iyo xiriirka joogtada ah qof ayaa sameeyay a xiriiri sax ah oo jilicsan, music iyo maqalka hadalka, aragga midabka.

In la kala saaro noocyada kala duwan ee dareenka nafsiga. Materialist, view of scientific dareen ayaa had iyo jeer ka soo horjeeda, barta idealistic non-cilmiyeed of view. Noocan oo kale ah idealists shakhsi ahaan, sida Mach iyo Berkeley, iyo sidoo kale kuwa raacsan ay diidi in dareen ka ilaha qaar ka mid ah u yimid. Iyagu ma ay aqoonsadaan jiritaanka arrinta guud ahaan, isagoo sheegtay in walxaha in na hareerayn, waa wax aan waxba ka badan kaxeynayo aadanaha, ama isku darka dareenka. Waxaa soo baxday in in dunida waxba ma jiraan, laakiin mawduuca dareenkiisa. In uu yahay, noocyada kala duwan ee dareenka na siiso macluumaad kala duwan oo ku saabsan xeeran our.

The agnostics wax-u muuqataa mid aad u idealistic, mana diidi jiritaanka dunida wax nagu wareegsan, iyo sidoo kale saamaynta ay ku leedahay dareenka iyo meydadka aadanaha, laakiin way Shakiyeen milicsiga sida dhabta ah ee guryaha dhabta ah ee alaabta helay dareenka.

Tusaale ahaan, saynisyahan a Helmholtz, oo ku salaysan xaqiiqada ah in aragtida ah guryaha mid ka mid ah shayga laftiisa iyo hantida Isku mid ma aha, waxay dareemi yeedhay calaamadaha caadiga ah ama calaamadaha wax. Iyada oo characters waxaa lagu qeexi karaa sidii wax jirta xaqiiqada, iyo wax taas oo run ahaantii ma aha. Fikradda ah characters noqdo Jidka ee shakiga, in uu jiro shaki ku jirin in ninka dunida isaga ku wareegsan oo dhan si sax ah ka muuqan. Dhab ahaantii, dareen waa laga fekerayo dhabta ah ee xaqiiqda. Xaaladdan oo kale, noocyada kala duwan ee dareenka waxaa lagu magacaabaa su'aal, tan iyo markii ay si qalad ah u sheegtaa laga yaabaa in qofka uu ambabaxay.

Views aqoonyahan yaqaan Ioganna Myullera kale oo badan. Waxa uu ku dooday in dadka ma dareemaan astaamaha shayada kala duwan taas oo run ahaantii ka jiraan, laakiin keliya xaalad ah kaskooda ku gaar ah.

Si loo xaqiijiyo inay aaminnimo ah ee view, Muller isku hallaysay xaqiiqooyinka sida fiican u yaqaan: by tallaabo ka mid ah xubnaha dareenka ee ku meersan kala duwan, dareen baxdo isaga in, had iyo jeer isku mid ah, in uu yahay, in tani ay tahay xubin gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad u dhaqmaan indhaha shoog koronto, iftiinka, ama kicinta farsamo ee, noocyada dareenkooda mar walba waa isku mid, iyagu waa muuqaal ah.

Haddii aad eegto dhinaca kale, by tallaabo ka mid ah oo ku heshaa la mid ah xubnaha kala duwan oo ka mid ah dareenka aadanaha, waxaan ka heli dareenka kala duwan in ay yihiin gaar ah dareenka kuwan. Haddii saamaynta on indhaha, maqaarka iyo dhegaha of koronto, ka dibna waxaa jira dareenka kala duwan, muuqaalka, taabashada iyo maqalka. Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii aan bilaabi ka macquulka ah Muller, dareen ma yihiin natiijo ah oo tallaabo kasta oo alaabta wax in si madax-bannaan jira of our miyir, iyo nooca tamarta dareenka aadanaha. Halkan ka hor oo naga mid ah oo waxaa jira wax lagu magacaabo "sifooyinka dareenka" ee cilmi nafsiga. Iyadoo la tixraacayo aragtiyada Mueller, aan aan ka qabashada sifooyinka alaabta dunida wax, iyo milicsiga, waxa xaalad yihiin macnayaal noo gaar ah.

Mid ka mid ah dhaleecayn badan Mueller oo ku saabsan waxa ay si kaftan ah u sheegay in haddii uu xaq u leeyahay, bisad, ka hor kaas oo mouse a waa in aan u seego, iyo ugu cuslaataan wixii baabacooyinka ku jiraan iyagoo indhaha u gaar ah. Haddii aad ku tiirsan yihiin xaqiiqooyinka oo dhan, waxa aan ka qabashada a gunaanad been Mueller. Waxay leeyihiin sharaxaad kala duwan. From dunida xayawaanka ka mid ah taariikhda, waxaynu og nahay, in la xadido ee dareeme waa natiijada ah la qabsashada noolaha dheer in shuruudaha dunida. Waxaa mana jiro heerarka hoose ee horumarinta.