Diyaarinta acetic acid

Acetic acid waa dareer aan cad lahayn, oo leh ur dabeecad leh iyo dhadhankiisa. Waxaa si sahlan loogu qulqulayaa biyo tiro xadidan, hygroscopic. Waxaa lagu qasi karaa dareerayaal badan. Acetic acid lafteedu waxay sidoo kale xuntaa xayndaabyada iyo saliidaha.

Sisin waxaa loo sameeyaa inta badan habka khamriga khamriga. Sida cad, sidaas darteed, wakhtiyadii hore, khudradda miraha, lagu qasi jiray biyo, waxaa loo yaqaan khamri dhanaan. Waxa la aaminsan yahay in ay leedahay saameyn daweyn oo ku saabsan shaqada mindhicirka, joojinta shubanka. Sidaa daraadeed, askartu, waxay ku qasbeen in ay muddo dheer joogaan xaalado adag, marwalba waxay qabeen shaah la cabo qamriga.

Maanta, dad badan ayaa doorbidaya in ay tixraacaan cuntooyinka daawada dhaqameed. Oo khal cider tufaax badan u muuqataa talogelin ah cayilka. Sidoo kale, qubeyska cagta nafiso daal.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iibka khalka ah ma aha had iyo jeer midka lagu tilmaamay calaamadda. Iyo soosaarista acid acetic by fermenting isku dhafka ee sonkorta-sonkorta biyaha - ma aha dhan oo adag xataa xataa guriga.

Roomaankii qadiimiga ahaa waxay diyaarinayeen macaan gaar ah, cabitaan khamri loo yaqaan 'sapa'. Si loo soo saaro, khamrigu wuxuu ku qallajiyay dhirta ledhka ah, taas oo keentay in la sameeyo rasaasta rasaasta ah - walax aad u macaan, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Son of Saturn" ama "sonkorta macaanka." dabaqadda badan oo baabbi'iyey cabitaan this, hesho chronic sunta rasaasta.

Iyo ku saabsan codsiyada ugu horreeya ee macquulka ah ee acetic acid, waxaan helnay dukumiintiyo - diiwangalinta garsooraha Giriigga, Theophastus, oo ku saabsanaa qarnigii 3aad ee BC. Iyaga ayuu ku sharraxay sida khal-dabka uga shaqeeyaa biraha, taas oo keentay soo saarista pigments loo isticmaalo farshaxanka muuqaalka ah. Iyada oo gargaar ah khal helay hogaanka cad iyo copper-Xph.

Rakaabka, wax soo saarka acid acetic wuxuu ku salaysan yahay sublimation of acetates ee metallay gaar ah, tusaale ahaan, ee distillation qalalan ee copper (II) acetate. Habkani waxa si weyn loogu adeegsaday warshadaha ilaa bartamihii qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

Iyo qarnigii 8aad waxaa lagu ogaadey Jabr Ibn Khayyan in uu helo qaamuuska Carabta by muxaadaro, kaliya sida heli diyaarid.

Adolf Kolbe farmashiyaha Jarmal, ee 1847 ayaa soo saarka ee acetic acid furay ka inorganics. Habkani wuxuu ku saleysan yahay koloriin-ka-kakululubka ah ee tetrachloride-ka kaarboon, ka dibna wuxuu galayaa faleebada si loo tetrachlorethylene. Tallaabada xigta geedi socodkan waxa weeye koloriin ee tetrachlorethylene in trichloroacetic acid. Kadibna, hoos udhaca elektaroolikitka, walaxda si toos ah ayaa loo rogaa acid acetic.

Laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad ilaa bilowgii 20-aad, wax soo saarka acetic acid wuxuu ku salaysan yahay kala-soocidda qoryaha. Inta badan khalka ayaa lagu soo saaray Germany. Ku dhowaad saddex daloolow oo khaldi ah ayaa soo saaray soo saarida dheeha indigo-warshadaha.

Acetic acid, wax soo saarka taas oo ku salaysan daminta chips qoryaha, ma kala duwan yihiin ka kooban kiimikada ka soo heshay hababka kale. Laakiin qiimaha, habkani waa kan ugu faa'iido badan, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ahaa asal u ahaa soosaarka warshadaha ee nuxurka asaasiga ah - diirimaad diimeed oo diirran.

Saliidaha Asaasiga ah ee acetic ayaa sidoo kale helay codsiga warshadaha. Tusaale ahaan, kala soocida birta iyo aluminiinta ee ka yimaada biraha kale ee 3 kooxood, falcelinta karkaridda cusbada acetic acid ee biyaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa falanqaynta kiimikada.

Ku saabsan bakteeriyada acetic acid, indigo iyo "lead lead", oo loo isticmaalo midabaynta, ayaa durbaba kor ku xusan. Celcelis ahaan cusbada acetic acid ee macdanta ledhka, mid ka mid ah oo lagu sameeyay cabitaan sumaysan oo la yiraahdo "sapa", ayaa laga helay codsiga daawada ee xaqiiqada casriga ah. Cusbada Copper ee acetic acid ee isku dhafka leh bakteeriyada arsenic waxaa la yiraahdaa cagaarka Paris (Schweinfurt) waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa xakamaynta cayayaanka dhirta.