Denisova Cave in Altai ah. Denisova Cave - taallo archeological ee Mountains Altai ah

In wadnaha ee Asia, halkaas oo uu bilaabo buuraha Altai, dooxada ku picturesque Anouilh caan Denisova Cave. Waxay ku taalaa on soohdinta reer Ust-Kan iyo Degmada Soloneshensky, oo u dhow tuulada Black Anuj (4 km) oo 250 km u jirta magaalada ee Biisk. Denisova Cave oo gaartay 670 oo mitir heerka badda.

Asalka magaca

Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeygii hore ee qadiimiga ah, waa magaca godkii waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in dhamaadka qarnigii XVIII ah halkaas ku noolaa Muslinka ah Old - biday ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki (Denis ee adduunka). Waxa uu ahaa wadaad ah Konserfatifka oo ka mid ah tuulooyinka u dhow, iyo Kerzhaks inta badan uu gacanta u hesho talo iyo barako yimid. Bilowga ee qarnigii XIX Godka Denisova ee Altai wadaaddadii adeegayaashan joogsadeen si ay u dareemaan wax xiiso ah.

Isla mar ahaantaana in 1926, halka iyada oo Altai ah u safraya, god booqday aadmka Ruush iyo Soviet caan ah iyo artist weyn N. K. Rerih.

Dadka deegaanka wac godka Ayu-Tash, kaas oo tarjumayaa "The Bear ee Stone". Oo tan iyo ab ka abna way gudbiyaan caado ah in halkan in aan wakhtiyadii hore u deggan yahay Sikh Black - cadhooday, oo aad u awood badan. Waxa uu la joogo wax kasta oo ay noqon karto dhul orso u weyn. Tani gool kulaad ah oo quraafaad ah qaranka talin jiray xeryaha miyiga Altaic, qasbo inay bixiso canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna weyn.

Haddii uusan adeeca, waxa uu adeegsanayaa uu sixir ururiyay kor ku daruuraha godka, Wuxuu iyaga u saaray of farshaxan dhagax weyn oo kor u duudduubay in ay cagta ee buurta. Halkee jiifay Jidka dhagaxa, iyagu ma ay joojin onkodka, oo baabbi'iyeen daaqa iyo dalagyo.

dadka Quus bilaabay tukanayay caawimo ah ee madaxda ah ilaaha - Ulgen, kuwaas oo ay ka adkaadeen wax dulma. dhagax onkod uu qariyey si ammaan ah ee meelo godka fog.

Dabcan, tani waa halyeey xajiya Cave Denisova kaliya. Degmada Soloneshensky (Altai Territory), iyo ka badan si gaar ah dadka deggan tuulada ugu dhow (Black Anouilh), oo inta badan lagu eedeeyay in qadiimiga ah, kuwaas oo sanado badan, "ka qodan doontaan wax god." tuulooyinka ayaa aaminsan in ay tahay qadiimiga ah waa dambi ah cimilada waxyeello, dhab ahaantii, sida laga soo xigtay iyaga, waa ku filan tahay in ay jebiyaan oo ka dhagaxii shamanic iska arrin xoogaa yar - iyo qubeyska waa la damaanad qaaday muddo laba maalmood ah.

Altay, Denisova Cave: description

On mid ka mid ah dalcadaha buurta, dhowr mitir kor ku xusan wadada bixisaa galo ballaaran Godka. Its aagga - 270 mitir oo laba jibbaaran. m, oo dhererkeedu wuxuu - 110 mitir. godka ku leeyahay "hoolka dhexe" galo iyo laba koriya yar gudaha dhagaxa.

Grotto hor

danta ugu weyn ee qadiimiga ah grotto, oo ku yaalla galo. Waxaa laga heli karaa iyada oo loo marayo kabsanayo. Cabirka shiraaqii -. 32h7 height iyo width of meelaheedii dednaaba waxay kordhisaa talooyin masaafada u. Qaybta ubalaadhan gaadho 11 mitir.

In grotto uu leeyahay dhowr laamood. Laba ka mid ah - waa in la sii wado si toos ah godka. In qaybta sare waxaa jira god dhex ballaciisu yahay wax yar ka badan mitir. The safra geesisan aduunka fuulaan iyo bogi views weyn. Iyada oo furitaanka this, godka guskiisa iftiinka dabiiciga ah, sidaas darteed inta badan waxaa ka mid ah si fiican u daboolay. Halkan dhan sanadka qalalan yahay, grotto yahay, sida in maalmaha jir, a magan wanaagsan dabiiciga ah ee xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka, ilaalinta cimilada.

First halkan soo shaqeeyay Geophysics "buuqday" god, isaga oo isticmaalaya qalab gaar ah, oo go'aansaday in hoolka dhexe iyo rays ee gallery - waa kaliya bilowgii garaadka weyn, oo qoto dheer ka tago dhagaxa. Haddaba kuwanu saabka gudaha buuxda hafiyay lakabka weyn of Texas.

cilmi

cilmi baaris ugu horreeya ee Cave Denisova ee gobolka Altai ah (hoolka dhexe) lahaa yaqaan paleontologist Siberian gadflies Nicholas kuwaas oo la dhigay god ugu horeysay ee laba sahaminta iyo sameeyey cabbirka laga heli karaa waqtiga formation dhulka dabiiciga ah ee 1978. Isla mar ahaantaana, qadiimiga ah ayaa baaray shayga, kuwaas oo uu hoggaaminayay Academician A. P. Okladnikov.

Xiisaha weyn had iyo ismaandhaafka saynisyahano godkii Mountains Altai. godkii Denisova ka dib markii ay waxbarashada ugu horeysay si tartiib tartiib ah ku soo gashay taariikhda dunida ka mid ah cilmi akeoloji.

Tusaale ahaan, waxaa laga dhex helay ugu da'da weyn layers dhaqanka rug aadanaha ee Siberia. Waxaa iska leh xilligii Paleolithic, iyo da'da ayaa 282.000 sano. Markii hore, waxaa jiray aragtida ah, in dadkii hore ma aagga muuqan yaabaa hore ka badan 50-30 kun oo sano ka BC. e. excavations ayaa muujisay in wakhtiyadii hore ee magalaada Altai ku daboolay kaymaha kaymo, kaas oo u koraan hornbeam, walnut manchzhursky, geedkii iyo noocyada waqooyi ee baasaboorka. In North Asia, aadanaha ayaa weli Zaman Neanderthal ayaa laga helay.

Qubarada badankooda ayaa aaminsan godkii Denisova ah - taallo archeological ee Mountains Altai ah. Waxa la ogaaday in ka badan 50,000 oo artifacts dhagax, isku sharraxdid kala duwan ee lafta lagu sameeyo; soo shiriyey ururinta badan oo lafaha nuujiya. Dabcan, natiijada oo xiiso leh - khasnado khaas ah oo wax bir ah ay leeyihiin qarnigii XIV ah, god kaas oo ay ku kaydiso hadhuudh ah oo waqti isku mid ah, mindi naxaas ah.

Isticmaalka godka waqtiyo kala duwan

In Millennium IV-III, waqtiga dhaqanka Afanasiev, Denisova godka loo adeegsaday sida hoy ah adhijirro iyo xoolaha. Si aad u sii gudaha xoolaha deyrka off boholaha xor ah oo niches. Shepherds ugaadhsado xayawaanka duurjoogta ah, hilibka idaha cunay oo keliya miciinka u dambeeya, marka ugaarsiga ahaa lagu guulaysan. Arrintan waxa xaqiijiyay waran iyo fallaadho soo qaatay. Weelasha dhoobada kaydiyaa dareere ah. Waayo-jaraysaa isticmaalo qalab dhagax, kuwaasi oo ay halkan ka dhigay. Tani waa caddaynta ku waxyaabaha qashinka, oo waxaa la helay by archeologists.

Weli liidata fahamsan yahay sida loo isticmaalo dhaqanka godka hooyo of Age Naxaas ah.

Waayo, muddada Iskutees waxa lagu gartaa kayd dhaqan awood badan, taasoo muujinaysa joogista dheer aadanaha ee godka. Waa bakhaar ah oo sahay cunto - hilibka, miraha iyo waxyaabaha caanaha, maadaama ay had iyo jeer lahaa heerkulka hooseeyo.

Huns iyo Turkiga isticmaalo shay dabiici ah, waayo, xafladaha dhaqan. By tirada natiijooyinka archeological, heerka qiimaha sayniska, saynisyahano badan Gallobayse this godka la yaab leh si ay u Silanyo ee qadiimiga Masar. Qaar badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in natiijada excavations ka fuliyay Cave Denisova ah, dadweynaha guud Oga sida yar cajiib badan dalka Masar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay wax dad badan ka yaabsaday xad ah in dunida cilmiyeed waxaa laga helay.

daahfurka cajiib ah

Qadiimiga ah ayaa ka soo kabsaday lakabka kow iyo godka ku hadhay oo nooc hore oo aan la garaneyn cilmiga aadanaha ee qadiimiga ah. On this, saynisyahano sheegay joornaalka Nature ee 2010. Dadka ka Denisova Cave siman fog hiddo ka labadaba Neanderthal iyo sapiens faaftay oo casri ah. By view this, cilmi u yimid ka dib markii la helay hiddawadayaasha ah, dhawrayay shaybaarka unugyada - lafaha phalangeal of suulka iyo ilig gaws.

khasnad karaayi

Sannad kasta, artifact kasta oo laga helay Denisova Cave noqday iyagoo jirrabaya, waayo cilmi. Waxaa la go'aamiyay in meeshan laga dhiso xero beerta sayniska. Tan iyo 1982, saynisyahano Novosibirsk bilaabeen inay sahamiyaan godka xilliyo. Waayo, shaqada, waxay soo jiidatay xirfadlayaasha ah profiles kala duwan oo keliya ma aha ka Russia laakiin sidoo kale ka soo Japan, USA, Korea, Belgium iyo dalalka kale.

Denisova godka la ilaaliyo by UNESCO. Haddaba xerada cilmi waxa uu noqday machadka cilmi ah cilmi-baarista la miiska shaybaarka. Waxaa marti shaqada aasaasiga ah oo ka mid ah artifacts helay. Sanad kasta waxaa jira in ka badan 100 waxbarashada ee qadiimiga ah iyo khabiiro ka Qaybaha kale ee sayniska. In ka badan 30 sano oo excavations, saynisyahano ay awoodaan in la baaro oo kaliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah godka.

Kelmadaha deggan DNA ee Denisova Cave

Maanta deciphering wax ka phalanx iyo iliga, iyo cilmiga DNA bixiyay xaqiijiyo aqoonsiga dadka aadanaha cusub dunida qadiimiga ah. Natiijooyinka waxbarashada caddeeyo sida ay u horumartay. Hiddawadayaasha of muunada this la genomes of konton afar ka mid ah saffarro ka dhan gees oo dhulka, oo leh DNA Aadanaha qadiimiga ah iyo lix Neanderthals marka la barbar dhigo.

Natiijada waa arrin xiiso leh. Qubarada ayaa lagu ogaaday in "denisovtsy" iska soo guureen horumarinta classic of laanta aadanaha oo ku saabsan a million sano ka hor oo waxay bilaabeen inay xuubsiiban on iyaga u gaar ah, laakiin, nasiib daro, sidan soo baxay dhamaadka meyd.

horumar Human ayaa u gudubtay in jihada Neanderthals iyo sapiens faaftay. Ilaa 400 kun oo sano ka hor, noocyada kuwaas oo u baxay inuu waddooyinkeeda horumarinta kala duwan. Shirka labaad ee keentay in soo bixitaanka of nin casri ah, oo marka hore uu galay dhamaadka a dhintay.

Denisova Cave ee Altai iyo artifacts ay

Haddaba saynisyahano aaminsan yihiin in dhaqanka ee joogow godkii ahaayeen ka sii horumarsan yahay Neanderthals, kuwaas oo mar dhagax weyn ku xeeran deggan yahay.

Neanderthals lahaa qalab dhagax (scrapers, arrowheads, iwm), muuqaalka u eg wax Western. Denisova Cave ka heleen hadhaagii dhaqanka iyo nolosha, shukaansi dib 50,000 oo sano. Sida laga soo xigtay muuqaalada qaddiimiga ah si buuxda u waafaqsan dhaqanka aadanaha, ayaa muuqaalka casri ah jirka.

Waxaa la ogaaday ma aha oo kaliya dhagax, laakiin sidoo kale walxaha lafaha, qalab. Laakiin loola dhaqmay siyaabo ka badan casri ah. Tusaale ahaan, Ghadafi ah (5 sentimitir) irbado dhagax, kaas oo la qoday lugs.

jijin qurux badan

Intaa waxaa dheer, in god ay heleen decoration weyn oo dhagax ah, oo badala aragtida ah nin heer hoose ah. Oo kuwanu waa labada xubno ka hloditolita dugaagaddii - dhagax, oo waxaa loo keenay ka Altai Rudny ah, oo ku yaalla laba boqol iyo konton kiiloomitir godka.

macdanta dhif A bedeli kara midabka ku xiran nuurka. Jijin raad dhaleen gudaha, laakiin waxa ugu la yaab leh waa in qodista waxaa fuliyey on mishiinka.

Technology Tani ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalo oo kaliya in times Neolithic, si hore waxaa la rumeysan yahay in iyadu ma ahaa in ka badan shan iyo toban kun oo sano. jijin A cajiib ah laga helay shukaansi daaha dib 50 kun oo sano!

Daraasad jijin muujisay in, ay u badan tahay, waxa uu ahaa mawduuc ka mid ah farcan ah. In lakabka isla, kuul la helay of qolof ukunta gorayo ka Transbaikalian ama Mongolia keenay sameeyey. All of this soo jeedinaya heer sare ah horumarinta ee deggan Cave Denisova ah - ruuxiga ah, bulshada, farshaxanka iyo farsamada.

Waa maxay sababta la waayay "denisovtsy"?

Jawaabta saxda ah su'aashan waa inaan laga helin. Haddaba waxaan dhihi karaa oo keliya iyadoo la hubo in wakhtiyadii hore u jirey ee Altai ah nooc kale oo dadkii hore. In godadka, oo ku yaalla sosedsttvu Denisov, hadhaagii Neanderthals la helay, taas oo qiyaastii waa waqti isku mid ah. Taas macnaheedu waa in laba nooc oo ah nin qadiimiga la xiriiri kartaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xogta sayniska rasmi ah uusan weli ka jirin.