Cubism - waxa uu yahay waxan? Cubism farshaxanka. Wakiilada ee tilmaamaha iyo sawirka ee style ee Cubism

ah ee Cubism iska leh 1906-1907 sanadka. Waxaa la horumariyo oo asalkiisu ka soo jeedo habkani inta badan ee France (wakiilada u fiican yihiin Picasso, H. G. Griss iyo Guurka), iyo sidoo kale in qaar ka mid ah dalalka kale.

Waa maxay Cubism?

Aynu isku day in aad ka jawaabto su'aashan. Cubism - waa dhaqdhaqaaq gaar ah farshaxanka, afkooda hooyo ku salaysan tahay calaamadaha lahayo ee shay, ay kala daatay galay diyaarado joomateri, qaabka wareegaayo.

fikradda ugu weyn on kuwaas oo la dhisay, waxaa jiray isku day ah in ay muujiyaan kakanaanta, kala duwanaanta xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee ku hareeraysan iyadoo la kaashanayo lagu daydo da'ayeen fudud iyo noocyada ifafaale iyo wax. Xaaladan oo ah in habkani uu is beddelay badan oo ka mid ah mabaadiida aasaasay iyo bilicsanaanta fikrado in rinjiyeynta Yurub. Wakiilada cubism kala tagnay "xaqiiqo indhaha", ka tagis dabiiciga ah sida wax ka mid ah farshaxanka, ka aragti iyo chiaroscuro sida kaliya ee hab ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada iyo farshaxanka.

Pablo Picasso

Si taas loo gaaro, rinjiile mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed oo dhan ayaa lagu gartaa shaqada ee Hababka dhowr mar. Picasso markeeda billaabeen inay hab si buuxda u soo horjeeda in ay muujiyaan dabeecad.

Waxaad ka heli kartaa iyo rinjiyeynta cubist, xuduud on abstractionism iyo xaqiiqo in uu shaqada. Mararka qaar, in uu baaris sida uu isagu ka soo farshaxanka classical dhaqanka iska dhaqaaqay, in uu ku soo laabtay Jidka tahay macquul ahaa fekeri karin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, artist wuxuu abuuray Wehbe cajiib ah oo weli innoogu sheegay in qaabka cubism. Waxay ahaayeen shuqullada macquul ah ku qoran, qaabka mala awaal ah shaqsi. Dhaqanka warbaahinta farshaxanka, taas oo loo adeegsaday by qoraaga, waa xalka dhibaatooyinka casriga ah. Mid ka mid ah sawirada marka hore rinji ee style ee cubism, rinjiyeynta "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by Pablo Picasso. Tani shaqada farshaxanka waxaa lagu gartaa ah yaab aan caadi ahayn: tirooyinka coarsened halkan ka muujinayaa iyada oo aan xubno ka chiaroscuro iyo aragti soo bandhigay sida isku-dar ah Muga baaliyoobay diyaaradda.

Tilmaamo sifo

naqdiya Faransiis L. Vaucelles asal dheer "Cubist" ee 1908 sida fanaaniinta magaca xaqirijireen xaqiiqada muujinayay in iyadoo la kaashanayo qaababka caadiga ah joomateri saddex dhinac-cabbir ah (dhululubo, koorta, saaraayo, gudbikaraa). Shaqadan waxaa ku jira caqabad ku ah in dhaqanka of art macquul ah. Farshaxankiisa ku style ee cubism jiidashada kala duwan si ay midabo gunti, si la taaban karo, foomamka fudud iyo sababaha aasaasiga ah (tusaale ahaan, maacuunta, geed ama guri). Inta badan si cad, feature tani u muuqato in uu shaqada hore ee "Cezanne" muddada (1907-1909). Artist P. Cézanne ku nuuxnuuxsaday, joogtaynta iyo dunida Ujeedada; Muga weji duwan, taas oo uu isticmaalaa sida image qalab kala iibsiga ah, sameeyaan nooc ka mid ah gargaarka, iyo midabada dhaadheer ku saabsan qaar ka mid ah walxaha waqti isku mid ah xoojinta iyo burburaan mugga. Marxaladda xigta ee horumarinta Cubism - "gorfaynta" (1910-1912). Mawduuca ku saabsan waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo yar yar, si fudud separable midba midka kale, iyo qaab u muuqday in faafin on shiraac ah. Last, a stage "dardaro" (1912-1914) ka badan yahay madaxtooyada, farshaxankiisa midabo waa darfaha planar, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah xubno ka textural - dhismeedka adag, stickers (collages), budada ... Isla mar ahaantaana, baxaya iyo farshaxan cubist. farshaxankiisa Picasso iyo Braque inta badan waxaa ka mid ah warqado ama erayada qaarkood. fariimihii guud ahaan ma waafaqsan ka kooban, laakiin ka caawiyay kooxda martida fahmi bandhig ku saabsan fikrad artist ee.

falcelinta ee dhagaystayaasha

dhagaystayaasha in shuqullada Cubists ah loola dhaqmo si sarbeeb, mararka qaar xitaa iyaga endowing epithets dhiciyo iyo dhegba. saxaafadda daabacan dhaleeceyn u adag, by ay dabiiciga ah mararka qaarkood dhowaan inuu fadeexadii dadweynaha. Daawadayaasha naftooda ka helo bandhig ah farshaxankiisa Cubist, kulma dareenka in la barbar dhigi karaa dareenka aadanaha, sii socotay inay safar u fiican, lakiin taas bedelkeeda uu helay martiqaad ay ka qayb qaataan dhismaha waddooyin cusub.

reaction Tani waxa ay xaqiijinaysaa in kala guurka si ay arrintan si degdeg ah ka dhacay, inkastoo ay muddo dheer ee diyaarinta, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo dhagaystayaasha caasimadda lahaa ay ku ballaariyaan jahooyinka aad uga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cubism ah, sawiro rinji in style this, sida qeyb ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah dhagaystayaasha iyo taageero ka helay isxigaan.

Saamaynta ay ku Cubism on art

Isbeddelkani waxa si xoog leh u saameeyay horumarinta fikirka hal abuur leh. Cubism farshaxanka tarjumin isbedelka cusub nolosha ku saabsan oo dhan iyo is burinaya: raacdada ee dimuqraadiyadda - aqoonsiga primitivism, diidmada qofka, qolkii khaaska ah; iimaanka sayniska - waxay doonayaan waa in la abuuro a "naxwaha of art," search for hababka Ujeedada.

Maanta, qof kasta oo aan eex lahayn, maxfalka shuqullada Impressionist, si cad u kala heshiiska la yaqaan in ay na ubax. Laakiin inta lagu guda jiro muuqaalka ah oo dhan u muuqatay Cubism in - waa kacaan dhab farshaxanka. Waxaa lafaguraa jihada siisay oo dhan qaybaha rinjiyeynta jira. format Image, midab iyo aragti toosan, Muga waa shuruud.

Cubism ee Russia

Ayado la soo dhaafay ah ee Cubism, ee dalkeenna, sida in France, dano sii kordhaya ee dad, hal-abuurka dhaqanka. Wakhtigan, ee fannaaniinta dhallinyarada Ruush ah ayaa lagu gartaa ma xiiseyneyso kaliya in "heer hoose" farshaxanka (oo ay ku jiraan Africa), laakiin sidoo kale u xiisootay lama taabtaan ah ee adag, oo sideeda oo naqshadda, iyo sidoo kale aaminsan in qaab gaar ah iyo laxanka aragnimada barshadu xisaabta.

In shaqada fannaaniinta badan oo Ruush ah meel gaar ah waa Cubism (oo Chagall, Lentulov, Archipenko, Altman iyo kuwo kale). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada dhexe waa Kazimir Malevich. Uu waxqabad waxbarashada iyo hal-abuur, iyo sidoo kale shaqada teori saamayn weyn ku saabsan samaynta isbedel.

"Black Square"

Waa laga yaabaa in ay jiraan waa wax badan ka sahlan u soo jiidi square madow ku saabsan asalka cad. Tani waxaa laga yaabaa in ay matalaan, malaha, qof kasta. Laakiin halkan xujo ah: this rinjiyeynta caanka ah by artist Ruush Malevich weli soo jiidata dareenka of cilmi iyo farshaxanka caashaqi jiray, in kasta oo la abuuray bilowga ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Sida wax dahsoon, sida quraafaad ah, sida calaamad u ah wax-uqabso Ruush ...

Waxaa la sheegay in artist ah, isagoo ku qoran "Black Square", ma uu garto bal waxa uu sameeyey, oo muddo dheer lama ay cuni karin ama hurdo. Dhab ahaantii, shaqo adag lagu sameeyey si rinjiyeynta wuxuu soo galay qabka. Ka dib oo dhan, marka aad eegto waxa at, crack a noqdo layers garan hoose - cagaaran, casaan, sida muuqata, waxaa jiray halabuurka ah midab gaar ah, laakiin qoraaga tixgeliyo waxaa ku fashilmay oo ku qoray waxa ka weyn square madow. Tani shaqada farshaxanka waxaa la jiifsaday in style ee cubism. farshaxankiisa Malevich ayaa kala duwan, laakiin waxa uu aaminsan yahay in ay ahayd "Black Square" waa isku keenaha uu hawl hal abuur leh.