Control nalalka maamuuska X10. Protocol X10: faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha. "Smart House"

IT-khubarada ayaa sheegaya in suuqa uu yahay guryo "smart" ee Russia marnaba noqon doonaa caan ah iyo tobanka sano ee soo socda waa lagama yaabo in laga gudbo guryaha lagu raaxaysto ee gobolka Moscow ka. In mustaqbalka, suuqa suurto gal macaamilka noqon doona qayb ka mid ah laga samri karo ee dadka la dakhliga ugu sareeya ee gobolka, laakiin walacay "guriga smart" sii joogi doonaan sawir midabo on bogagga tabloids iyo khayraadka internet. Waa run? Durba, kaabayaasha guryaha muwaadin celcelis ahaan waa isku darka halkii adag nidaamyada injineernimada kala duwan. iyaga Isku shabakada caalami ah hal lacag la'aan ah si ay u caawiyaan Heerka X10.

macquul ah "guriga smart"

Shaqada ugu badan oo fudud - control of iftiiminta. nidaamka Intelligent kuu ogolaanaya in aad meel fog laga xakameeyo kulanka kasta oo iftiin. Aan kacdid, waxaad u tagi kartaa on ama nalalka ee qolka ama guriga oo dhan hal mar, qabsato dhalaalka Nuur habeen ee waddada, nalka dhulka ku. "Smart House", oo ay ku jiraan iftiin meelo kala duwan oo ku saabsan geynta gaar ah, looga hortagi lahaa ifbaxay by simulating joogitaanka milkiilayaasha in ay dhacdo ka mid ah ka tagay.

control Automatic argument heerkulka taageero la siiyo qol ay gacanta hiitarka ama qaboojiyaha iyo hawada. guriga Intelligent koontarooli karaan qalabka dab-dagaal iyo, xaaladaha degdegga ah, milkiilaha ama ay khuseyso dhismeedka phone cod ama SMS-fariin u diri ogeysiis.

Sida ay u dhan bilaabay

X10 - mid ka mid ah heerarka warshadaha furan ugu horeysay, loogu talagalay nidaamka qalabaynta guriga by Pico Electronics (Scotland Glenrothes) ee 1975. Markii hore shirkadda waxaa ku hawlan ee design iyo soo saaridda of wareeggeedii iyo calculators. waayo-aragnimo hore ee ballaarinta gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka waxa uu noqday mid aad loogu guulaystay in la eego ganacsiga. X10 madal degdeg lagu helay caan ka mid ah horumarinta fikradda guriga smart oo dar dar geliyay weyn horumarinta warshadaha this. Isku dayaysa in la abuuro interface la mid ah iyo sameeyaa shirkado kale, laakiin guul aan wax badan helay.

Waayo, wakhtigiisa, X10 ah - maamuuska leh difaac qaylada wanaagsan. Gacan ka caanka ah ee cheapness qaraabo ah qalabka, ku dhiirigelinayaan in uu diiradda on qalabaynta guriga, dayactirka iyo taageero farsamo. In North America heerka baahida maanta iyo qaybiyey. Ka dib markii shirkadda sameeysa-of tiro balaadhan oo ah qalabka X10-waafaqsaneyn bilaabin inuu soo saaro Rafaa, IBM iyo Philips.

Maalmahaas shirkad Pico Electronics beddelaa X10 INC (USA) quwad summad.

qalabka kala soocidda

Hardware network X10 waa a collection of qalabka isku xidhan by korontada caadiga ah ama channel radio a. nidaamka saldhigga waxaa mar walba ka mid ahaa:

• Laliska - ilaaliyaal abuuraa iyo Dira amarradiisa, modules gacanta (la interface computer ama taagan-oo keliya), shidda programmable la safafka waqti oo kala duwan, kontaroolada fog (infrared ama radio).
• Qaateyaasha - actuators hawlgala on amarrada helay: module ilayska ama dimmers kaydadka, blocks gaabiyo iyo dhaddig, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee drives.

In the case of dhismaha shabakad weyn ama ballaariyo siyaada ah ee jira inta badan loo isticmaalaa:

• Transceivers, qaata calaamadaha amarka ka remotes in ay isbadal ku sii X10 maamuuska isgaarsiinta ka hor inta diraya xirneeyn.
• Repeaters iyo xoojiyayaasha signal.
• Filtarrada in la yareeyo saamaynta nooca electromagnetic faragelin.
• buundooyinka Interfacial, xidhka for 380 (dadban ama si firfircoon, dhismayaasha, meel ka mid ah in ka badan 300 m ^2).
• Cabirka qalabka, fududaynta rakibaadda iyo komishanka, dareemayaal (mooshin, luminance, iyo D. sidaas on.).

Qalabka soo saaray shirkado kala duwan, inta badan waxay leeyihiin muuqaalka la mid ah, ka shaqeynayaan, iyo xataa Calaamadayn. Qalabka waxaa laga heli karaa qoraalkii kala duwan iyada oo ku xiran shuruudaha meelaynta, loogu rakibo ee khadka, din-tareenka sii kordhaya in golaha wasiirada ee caadiga ah, waayo, micromodules radi raspredkorobok.
Qalabaynta nolol maalmeedka bilaabi kartaa iyadoo modules aasaasiga ah dhowr, ka dibna si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhi qiyaasta iyo ballaariyo ka shaqeynayaan by daray unugyada hardware cusub.

Tusaalooyinka saldhig element ah

The salaysan ee module caadiga X10 waa microcontroller a programmable. Sida laga soo xigtay geynta gaar ah ay gacanta ku hayso hawlgalka ka mid ah qalabka elektarooniga ah circuit qeybinayay ay aqbasho ah calaamadaha ee ka soo baxa sahayda ay xoog u dibadda helay oo kuweeda la karsado saarka ee gudbinta dambe shabakadda. microcomputer waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida ilaaliyaal wax soo saarka mass (tus, PIC ama AVR shirkadaha microchip iyo Atmel, siday u kala horreeyaan).

Shidida gacanta ku fikirka ah guriga "caqli" waa modules Relay laambad loo isticmaalo X10. Waxaa jira laba nooc: a caadiga ah fur-in godka xiriirayo laambadihii lagu tumo, iyo laambadahoodii yaryaraa miiska (LM12) ama ka dhigay sida adabtarada dhexmaray haysta iyo laambad Nuur, iyadoo saldhig E27 caadiga ah, ilaa 100 watts (LM15S).

qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya qoyska iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab modules rosette. Tusaale ahaan, AM12 module ekaan tube ah, laakiin ma taageeri amarrada ku jira oo gaar ah oo ay iftiinka (more on this hoos ku qoran).

software

X10 maamuuska si ay u hirgeliyaan barnaamij computer ah si ay kaaga caawiyaan waxyaabaha heer-sare ah.

ActiveHome Software - software Bilaashka ah ee kombiyuutarada shakhsi ku salaysan DAAQADAHA nidaamka ka hawlgala shirkadda X10 horumarinta madal. Xirmada waxaa ka mid ah tiro badan oo qalab iyo darawalada qalab, iyo sidoo kale version a mobile.

ActiveHomePro - software for interface computer SM-15 (transceiver radio, 433 MHz) la xidhiidha USB ah. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad si loo xakameeyo nalalka iyo qalabka la algorithms hawsha loo baahan yahay, garaafyo iyo shidda ka computer shakhsi ama taagan-oo keliya la fog ah wireless.

X10 Taliyaha (Melloware Inc) - ah software il furan hoos nidaamka wax hawlgalka kuu ogolaanaya inaad si ay u abuuraan maamulka adeegga multi PC ku salaysan iyo is-dhexgalka of Protocol-X10 on telefoonka iyo qalab kasta oo mobile (macruufka / Android).

Shirkadda Ruush "teknoolajiyada guriga Laboratory" waxay bixisaa macaamiisha qalab ku haboon on boosteejo X10 ah - a guddi xiriiri midab buuxa VGA-XTS-36. unit Self-ku jira uu leeyahay interface garaafyada user-saaxiibtinimo. X10 maamulka maamuuska iyo gacan ku haynta nidaamka nalalka caqli weli raaxo leh, oo leh muuqaalaynta u fiican, laakiin meesha baahida loo qabo computer shaqo joogto ah ee asalka ah. Ma wadayaasha bixisey iyo software waayo, oo dejinaya qabashada qalabka X10 iyo xuduudaha aasaasiga ah ee u qaabeynta bilowga ah, in ay soo saaraan noocyo kala duwan oo xaaladood.

X10. faahfaahinta Protocol

Physical dhexdhexaad sarrifka xogta ee fiilooyinka korontada awood waa gudbinta / jajab dhaweynta sinusoidal oscillation a hirka sare (120 Khz) la Ilodanimada ah 5V iyo 1 Ms / 630 Ms in wareegga kasta kala badh danab ku dhaxe, in daaqadaha la aasaasay isla markiiba ka dib isgoyska eber. The wareeggeedii saddex waji daaqadaha la mid ah sameeyay marxalad kasta, E. ie. Iyada oo wareeg ah 60 digrii oo la codsi dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah buundooyinka interphase. Haddii qalabka waa in uu furmo heli helo jagadii, taas oo ugu yaraan 48 oscillations, ay ula dhaqmaan sidii oo ay tahay macquulka ah "mid ka mid ah" in ay dhacdo dib - sida a "eber" macquul ah. Kala beddelashada xoogaa xog degan laba danab bar-ruxruxo. War sidee qiimaha bedelka warbaahinta labaad, oo ma aha oo kaliya hagaajinaysaa difaac buuqa, laakiin sidoo kale waxay u adeegtaa si ay u aqoonsadaan code .Wadashaqayntaas halka gudbinta baakadka.

X10 - Heerka maamuuska ah oo hal baakadda (Carsaka by jir) waxaa lagu kala qaado 11 muddooyinka. Waxaa ku jira:

• .Wadashaqayntaas Code - 2 gelinno
• code module - 4 gelinno,
• dhismaha code - 5 gelinno.

Khariidad walba, oo aan bareeg kasta, laba jeer oo isku xigta loo kala qaado. Ka hor inta baahinta Dufcaddii xiga qaado, hakinta ah ee 3 waqtiyada danab dhaxe ah (marka laga reebo - dimming amarka dhalaalka gudbiya il joogto ah).

consoles'ka maamulka IR ay ku shaqeeyaan on shabakadaha X10 maamuuska X10-IR at inta jeer side of 40 Khz ah. channel raadiyaha (X10-RF Protocol), taas oo ku xidhan gobolka, u dhaxeysa 310 si ay u 434 MHz.

Wax ka qabashada iyo amarradiisa nidaamka

Tirada ugu badan ee modules in network X10 ah - 256. Laba shido xulista ku yaalaan on kasta module 16 jagooyinka go'an. wareegista hore - guriga code (code Home) waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ay doortaan category ama koox ka mid ah qalabka. Ayaa qodobada Ereyada ka A si ay u R. In booska go'an labaad waxaa muujinaysaa tiro 1 ilaa 16 oo dhibic si module gaar ah oo ku saabsan network (code Unit) ee. Sayidka, qalab kasta oo lagu qoro lambar gaar ah oo ka kooban xarfo iyo nambaro. Tusaale ahaan; J5, M14 iyo D. sidaas on. The ilaaliyaal nidaamka, sida ka soo horjeeda unugyada fulinta, sida caadiga ah, uma baahna qabsiga ee ka qabashada.

fikradda ah ee ay falsayeen ah madal amarka hadda jira iyo dhiganta laga heli karaa miiska ka.

Faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee ...

X10 - maamuuska waa low-miisaaniyada qalabaynta fasalka guriga, waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u gudbiyaan macluumaad iyo amarka fariimaha dhaxe ee jira. Waxa ay meesha baahida loo qabo saareen isgaarsiinta cusub, kaas oo si gaar ah muhiim in guryaha la dhameystiray ganaax ama dayactirka dhammeeyey. Waxaa suurto gal ah in aad isticmaasho xarkaha network, oo ay isticmaalaan radio - kala duwan oo ka mid ah qalabka ay bixiyaan soo saarayaasha, u oggolaanaysa in labada fursadaha, ama isku-dar ah oo dhanba. Qiimaha qalabka, marka la barbar dhigo dhufto ee casriga ah oo dheeraad ah ayaa sidoo kale ulana faraxsanahay.

Faa'iidooyinka socda - dabacsanaanta isticmaalka iyo hufnaan rakibaadda u baahan ma xirfadaha gaarka ah. Nidaamka waxa lagu gartaa extensibility fiican iyo scalability. Module-ku xiran yihiin iyadoo la isticmaalayo mabaa'diida koronto & Power (oo ay ku jiraan tababaraha). Mudanayaasha oo dhan waa in la dhigay qayb cusub oo cinwaan u gaar ah. qalabaynta dheeraad ah nafteeda sameyn doonaa wax kasta.

Aad bay u fududeeyey zone kala kaabayaasha iftiiminta ah. Waxaa ku filan inuu ku meeleeyo qalabka ka mid ah group of waraaqaha isku mid (code dhismaha), iyo markaad codsanayso amarka warbaahinta u dhiganta waa laga demin doonaa ama iftiin ee gobolka this.

maamuuska Open - boosteejo kale oo lagu daray, jidaynayey dhexgalka fudud nidaamka gacanta kasta, isticmaalka design ka mid ah waxyaabaha taararka network ka saarayaasha kale.

... iyo khasaaraha

Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee interface X10 - kala iibsiga xogta badan taararka awoodda - waa isha ugu muhiimsan ee dhibaatooyinka uu.

xawaaraha Low. kala iibsiga amarka qaadataa labaad ah, sidaas. e. raagin amarka runtii u dareemi xitaa in maamulka qalab hal. Iyo geeddi-socodka ah ee ka shaqeeya qaybi dhacdadan ka rahaamad, dib u dhac ah oo laga yaabaa inay noqdaan taana aan la aqbali karin. Tan iyo heerka macluumaadka ku xidhan yahay inta jeer ee sahayda danab ka, si kor loogu qaado ay suurto gal ahayn.

difaac Low. badnaa ee qalabka guriga ee guriga casriga ah si weyn u kordhiyaa heerka faragelin network awood u leedahay saamayn taban ku leh saamiga signal / qaylada, taas oo iyana saamayn ku tayada war isdhaafsi ka dhexeeya modules X10. Sidaa awgeed, cawaaqibka - guuldareysiga inaad raacdo tilmaamaha ama Beddelashada been ah. Inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha dhibaato network weyn waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ka liidato duurka cinwaanka, sida in ay ku xidhmaan hab maamuuska X10 waxay noqon doontaa oo keliya inay awoodaan inay 256 aaladaha.

qalabka gudbinta Dissynchronization waxay keeni kartaa in rogida of xirmo, iyo soo bixitaanka colaadaha, iyadoo ay sabab u, mid ka mid ahaa kooxaha aan la sameyn doonaa. aadan sixi kartaa xaaladda si weyn.

Ma bixiso nidaamka helitaanka ah, ma jiraan wax badbaado falalka sharci darro ah oo labada dhinac saddexaad. Ugu dambeyntii, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la abuuro wareeggeedii adag qalabka iyo gacan ku haynta nalalka la hirgelinta function is-ogaanshaha nidaamka iyo qaybaha ay dastuurka.

beddelka X10

cillado Kuwan waxaa inta badan la saxo in nidaamka qalabaynta guriga jiilka xiga, wax-u naqshadaha baska (seylaanyenta dhacdaa on bas quduuska / laami ah in danab yar danab sahayda).

Taa baddalkeeda, horumarinta iyo soo saarayaasha qalabka X10 in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin si loo hagaajiyo loona beddelo madal jira. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd qaab X10Extended la dheereeyey set edbinta. Faa'iidada oo muuqda oo ah madal la modified nidaamka laliska xeerka helitaanka jidka weyn, meesha isku dhacyada iyo ballaarinta hawlaha kooxda Exteded Code 1 la isbedel ku format xirmadan.

beddelid dheeraad keentay in abuurka X10Extended A10 format, taas oo si wayn u kordhiyay beerta cinwaanka (4096 units) oo ku daray hawlaha adeega qaar ka mid ah (laga heli karaa oo keliya on qalabka macmalay by sameeysa). maamuuska A10 iyo X10 gebi ahaanba la jaan qaada, taas oo suurto gal ah in ay ku shaqeeyaan nidaamka keli ah labada nooc ee modules.

Gebogebadii kooban kooban, waa ay adag tahay in aan la isku raacsan yihiin in interface ugu horeysay qalabaynta guriga ee la soo dhaafay, ku dhowaad konton sannadood dhacsan. Isku day in la casriyeeyo u eg kuwii saqafkooda ragcaayo inta lagu guda jiro xilli-roobaadka, si qoto dheer loo hagaajiyo xaaladda aanad awood u lahayn. Laakiin sifooyinka miisaaniyadda of madal ay sii wadaan in ay u dhawraan suuqa nidaamyada caqli iyo qalabka X10 si firfircoon uga soo saaray iyo iibin.

shirkadaha Domestic saadaaliyo mawjad cusub oo interface caan. Macaamiisha waxaa la bixiyaa tiro balaadhan oo ah labada qalab shakhsi iyo sidoo kale xal macasha guryaha "smart" madal ay X10.