Ciidanka sabaynta

Aynu sameeyo tijaabo fudud: qaadan kubad yar buunbuuniyo caag iyo "galin" biyo. Haddii si qoto dheer Immersion waa xitaa 1-2 mitir, waa ay fududahay si aad u aragto in ay mugga waa la dhimay, ie, on dhinacyada oo dhan kubada crimp doonaa ciidanka qaar ka mid ah. Waxaa sida caadiga ah ayaa la sheegay in ay jiraan "eed" cadaadiska hydrostatic - A ciidamada jirka simaha on dheecaannada jidhka taagan Hawiyaha. Ciidamada Hydrostatic simaha on jidhka ka dhinacyada oo dhan, oo ay sababtay, oo loo yaqaan ciidanka Archimedes ah, weli u yeedhay ejection ah, taas oo u dhiganta jihada ay saamayn on jidhka Hawiyaha ee dareeraha ah.

Archimedes helay sharcigiisa Gaarna tijaabo ah, iyo in ay xaq teori sugayay ku dhawaad 2,000 oo sano ka hor Pascal helay sharciga hydrostatics for dareere taagan. Sida uu qabo sharciga this, cadaadiska lagu kala qaado iyada oo loo marayo dheecaanka ku jira oo dhan tilmaamaha loo eegin meesha on kaas oo u dhaqmo on dhan diyaaradaha boodboodaya dareeraha, iyo qiimaha saami la P dusha iyo S weheliyaan darina caadiga ah. Pascal furay oo laga fiiriyaa sharciga ku saabsan waayo-aragnimo ee 1653. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, oo korka ka mid ah jirka ah Hawiyaha ee dareeraha on dhinacyada oo dhan by cadaadiska hydrostatic.

Qabtaan weel in biyo qaab jirka Hawiyaha saaraayo H qoto dheer si L a - meel fog ka dusha biyaha wajiga top. Marka ay tani hoose xidhxidhan yahay, waayo, H qoto dheer + L. F1 dulinka ciidanka, ku simaha wajiga sare waxaa hoos si toos ah iyo F1 = r * * g H * S, halkaas oo r - cufnaanta dareere, g - dardargelinta ee cuf.

F2 xoog dulinka The, iyo cunfiga diyaarad hoose kor, iyo qiimaha la siiyo by F2 = r * g * (H + L) * S.

The fallaadhaha ciidamada simaha on dusha dhinac wada dheeli tiran, sidaas darteed markii danbe laga saaray tixgelin. F2 xoog sabaynta> F1 iyo si toos ah ka hooseysa to top, iyo ku lifaaqan wejiga ugu hooseysa saaraayo ah. Qeex ay F qiimaha:

F = F2 - F1 = r * g * (H + L) * S - r * * g H * S = r * g L * * S

Ogsoonow in L * S - .. Ma mugga V sedjibeke, iyo m in r * g = p ka dhigan unugga miisaanka dheecaan, ka dibna miisaan formula ciidamada Archimedean ay go'aamiso mugga dareeraha loo siman yahay si mugga sedjibeke ah, i.e. Tani waa miisaanka dareeraha barakacay jidhka. Waxa xiiso leh in ay ka hadlaan Archimedes 'mabda'a ayaa suuragal ah keliya ee deegaanka, halkaas oo ay jiraan ciidamo of cuf - in xaaladaha aanu miisaan, sharciga uma shaqeeyo. Ugu dambeyntii, formula ee sharciga Archimedes waa sida soo socota:

F = p * V, halkaas oo p - cuf gaar ah dareere ah.

ciidanka Archimedean uma shaqayn karo sidii aasaas u ah falanqaynta maydadka sabaynta. Xaalada for falanqaynta waa ratio jidhka miisaankiisu raran pm iyo PF miisaanka dareere la mugga ah loo siman yahay si mug ah Hawiyaha galay jidhka dareere ah. Haddii pm = px, jidhka sabayn ee dareeraha, iyo haddii Pr> PF, saxanka jidhka. Haddii kale, jirka ayaa soo baxaya sida ciidanka sabaysiin karto uyeelaysaan kuwo miisaanka qaybtii saaray baxsan ee jirka biyaha.

Archimedes 'mabda'a iyo isticmaalka leedahay taariikh dheer ee technology, laga bilaabo tusaalihii classic of isticmaalka oo dhammu garanayaan oo sabayn fududeynta si buufinta iyo Saiarrada. Halkan waxaa door weyn ka ciyaartay in gaaska loola jeedaa gobolka ka mid ah arrinta waa simulates arrin dheecaanka. Sidaas darteed, in deegaanka hawada si kasta oo ciidan sabaynta shayga simaha dhigan mid ah sida dareere ah. The isku dayga ugu horeeya si ay u fuliyaan duulimaadka buufin hawada qaaday Montgolfier walaalo ah - waxay buufin ka buuxsamay qiiq diiran, si ay miisaanka maxbuus ku buufin hawada ah ka yaraayeen miisaanka mug isku mid ah oo hawada qabow. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah kor u qaad, oo miraheeda waxaa lagu qeexaa sida farqiga u miisaanka oo ka mid ah laba Muga. horumar A dheeraad ah ahaa buufinta gubi, taas oo si joogto ah maraysa hawada gudaha biibiilaha. Waxaa hubaal ah in kala duwan ee ku xidhan tahay dhererka gubi ah. Later on Saiarrada loo isticmaalo buuxinta gaas oo maamuusaan gaar ah in ka yar in cirka.