Chicxulub - bohol on Jasiiradda Yucatan: size, asal ahaan, taariikhda daahfurka

In badan oo naga mid ah ayaa maqlay meteorite Tunguska ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, dadka dhowr ogaato oo ku saabsan walaalkiis, dhulka ku dhacay wakhtiyadii hore. Chicxulub - bohol la aasaasay ka dib markii dayrta ee meteorite ah 65 milyan oo sano ka hor. Saftay dunida oo dhan ayaa keentay in cawaaqib xun, kuwaas oo ay saameeyeen caalamka oo dhan guud ahaan.

Meeday bohol Chicxulub ah?

Waxay ku taalaa degaanka waqooyi-galbeed ee Peninsula Yucatan ah, iyo sidoo kale hoose ee gacanka Mexico. bohol Chicxulub 180 km dhexroor sheegtay in bohol ugu weyn meteorite on Earth. Qayb ka mid ah waa dhulka, iyo qaybta labaad oo hoos biyaha Gacanka.

History of daahfurka

helitaanka bohol ahaa qasay.Shacabka. Sababta oo ah waxa uu leeyahay size weyn, ka dibna jiritaankeeda aan xitaa la rogmato. Qubarada ayaa waxaa laga helay by shil 1978 inta lagu guda jiro Gacanka hwlgala Research. duulaan Research abaabulay by shirkadda "Pemex" (title buuxa "Mexico Petroleum"). Ka hor inta, waxay ahayd hawl adag - si aad u hesho kayd shidaal on hoose ee gacanka. Geophysics Glen Penfield iyo Antonio Camargo ee waxbarashada ugu horeysay helay arc a stunningly symmetrical semidesyatikilometrovuyu biyo. Sababo la map gravitational, saynisyahano helay sii of ARC ku Peninsula Yucatan ah (Mexico), oo u dhow tuulada Chicxulub.

Magaca tuulada u tarjumay luuqadaha ee Mayan sida "jinnigii shillinta." Magaca Tani waxay la xidhiidhaa tiro aan la koobi cayayaanka ee gobolka this muddo dheer. tixgelinta in Peninsula Yucatan ku saabsan map (gravitational) oggol yahay in la sameeyo fikrado badan.

substantiation Sayniska ee la xiqiijiyay in a

Lahaanshaha natiijada arc xiran sameeyaan goobo ah oo ballaciisu yahay 180 kiilomitir. Mid ka mid ah cilmibaadhayaasha la odhan jiray Penfield mar soo jeediyay in ay tahay bohol saameyn ku, kaas oo u muuqday iyadoo ay sabab u saamayn meteorite ah.

Oo uu aragtida ahaa mid sax ah, kaas oo la xaqiijiyey by xaqiiqooyinka qaarkood. Inside bohol ah waxaa la ogaadey cuf logu talagalay. Intaa waxaa dheer, saynisyahano baarka "quartz lama filaan ah" ayaa laga helay isagoo la ceejiyo dhismeedka kelli, iyo tektites madxafka. qalab noocan oo kale ah lagu sameeyay karaa oo keliya cadaadis ba'an iyo heerkulka. Maxaa Chikskulub - bohol, taas oo uu leeyahay ma loo siman yahay ee dunida, ma aha in shaki, laakiin loo baahan yahay cadayn murmi karin si loo xaqiijiyo fikradahaaga. Oo iyana waxay la helay.

Cilmi ahaan loo xaqiijiyo la xiqiijiyay in guulaysteen Professor, Department of the University of Calgary Hildebrant 1980 mahad daraasadda of Halabuurka kiimikada dhagaxyada iyo dhul sawirka dayax-gacmeedka faahfaahsan Peninsula ah.

Cawaaqibka meteorite

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Chiksulub - bohol la aasaasay markii meteorite kuwaas oo ballaciisu yahay aan ka yarayn toban kiiloomitir. Xisaabaha saynisyahano ayaa muujinaya in meteorite la at yar xagal ka koonfur dhaqdhaqaaqa. Oo uu xawaaraha ahaa 30 kilomitir labaad.

Fall jirka runtan badan in Earth ka dhacay ku dhowaad 65 milyan oo sano ka hor. Seynisyahanno soo jeedinaya in dhacdadan ka dhacay oo kaliya at paleogona Warega iyo Cretaceous. cawaaqib waxay ahaayeen saameyn musiibo iyo saamaynta ugu wayn ku saabsan horumarinta dheeraad ah oo nolosha on Earth. Sidaas darteed of shil ee meteorite leh dusha dhulka ee la aasaasay bohol ugu weyn dunida oo dhan.

Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, awoodda saameynta aad iyo aad dhowr million jeer xoogga qaraxa qaaradda hoos on Hiroshima. Sidaas darteed of saamaynta sameeyay bohol ugu weyn dunida oo dhan, oo colal ku xigtaa ah, height of taas oo ahayd dhowr kun oo mitir. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan xigtaa ay burburtay ay sabab u tahay dhulgariir iyo transformations kale dhulka xanaajiyeen by saameynta meteorite ah. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, tsunami ku soo bilaabay aad u adag. Ajnabiga height of hirarka waa 50-100 mitir. Hirarka u tageen inay qaaradda, oo burburiyey wax walba oo ay waddo.

qaboojinta Global ee caalamka

ruxruxo lama filaan ah A agagaarka tageen dhawr jeer ku wareegsan dhulka oo dhan. Iyada oo heerkul sare, waxa sababa wildfires daran. Gobollada kala duwan ee caalamka xoojiyey volcanism iyo geedi socodka kale tectonic. The marno badan iyo gubashadii of meelaha kaynta badan oo ku keentay in xaqiiqda ah in tiro aad u badan oo ah gaasaska sii daayo hawada, ciidda, ash iyo danbas. Way adag tahay in ay la damacsan, laakiin waxa kiciyey walxaha loo yaqaan habka of jiilaalka Kobenhagen. Waa been in xaqiiqda ah in inta badan ee tamarta qoraxda ka muuqataa by jawiga, taasoo keentay in qaboojinta caalamka dhacdaa.

Like isbeddelka cimilada, oo ay la socdaan cawaaqib kale qabriga joojinta saameyn ba'an ku dunida ka mid ah caalamka ku nool. iftiin ku filan photosynthesis, taasoo keentay in hoos u dhac in jawi oxygen ma dhirta. ka lumay ee qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhulka cover dalka ayaa sababay geerida xoolaha, kaas oo ma haysan cunto ku filan. Waa kuwan dhacdooyinka keentay in eynu ee dinosaurs ah.

eynu ee soohdinta reer Cretaceous iyo Paleogene

dayrta ee meteorite waxaa hadda loo arkaa sababta ugu kalifaya burburka culus oo dhan nolosha in muddo Cretaceous-Paleogene. Version of eynu wax nool ka dhacay xitaa ka hor inta Chicxulub ah (bohol) ayaa la furay. Iyo sababaha ay sababtay qaboojinta ee cimilada u maleynayaa in uu ahaa kaliya.

Seynisyahanno helay heerar sare oo iridium (element aad dhif u ah) ee korsiiya kuwaas oo da'da ku saabsan yahay 65 milyan oo sano. Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh waa in sare ee element ah ayaa la helay ma aha oo kaliya in Yucatan, laakiin sidoo kale meelo kale oo caalamka ah. Sidaa darteed, khubarada ayaa sheegaya in, u badan tahay, waxaa jiray roob naasohoodu ah.

On soohdinta reer Paleogene iyo Cretaceous ku dinosaurs dhintay soo baxay, xamaarato, xamaarato badda in uu muddo dheer ku xukumi jiray muddo this duulaya. Absolutely dhan lafaguro ayaa la burburiyey. Maqnaanshaha mulacyada waaweyn ayaa la dedejiyey horumar ee Shimbiraha iyo nuujiya, kala duwanaanshaha noocyada kuwaas oo ay soo korodhay.

Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, waxaa suurtagal ah in ay qaataan in noolaha kale mass ayaa ka xanaajisay by dayrta ee meteorites waaweyn. Qiyaasta Available soo jeedinaya in dhulka jidhadhka weyn mar dhici in a boqol oo milyan oo sano. Taasi waxay u dhigantaa qiyaastii in bareeg waqtiga u dhexeeya noolaha mass ah.

Maxaa ku dhacay ka dib markii dayrta ee meteorite ah?

Maxaa ka dhacay adduunka ka dib markii dayrta ee meteorite ah? Sida laga soo xigtay paleontologist Deniela Durda (Institute of Research Colorado), in daqiiqo iyo saacadaha xaqse oo dunida ku nasanayay ee caalamka dal halakeeyey jeestay. Kumanaan miles goobta shilka ee meteorite ah waxaa loo gebi ahaanba burburiyeen. Strike qaaday nolosha in ka badan saddex-afar ka mid ah oo dhan xayawaan iyo dhirta ku nool on Earth. The ugu xun ku dhuftay ahaa dinosaurs ah, oo dhan ayay ku dhinteen.

Muddo dheer dadka ma ay xitaa ka war jiritaanka bohol ah. Laakiin ka dib markii uu helay, waxaa jiray lagama maarmaan ah in uu cilmi baaris maxaa yeelay culumadu u ururay badan oo mala baahan xaqiijinta su'aalo iyo fikrado. Haddii aad eegto Peninsula Yucatan on map-ka, waa adag tahay in la qiyaaso size dhabta ah ee bohol uu dhulka ku. North waxaa ka mid ah ilaa hadda waa ka xeebaha iyo 600 mitir badda waxaa lagu daboolayaa faar.

In 2016, saynisyahano bilaabay qodista ee degaanka of qayb ka mid ah badda ee bohol ah, si loo saaro qaybo muhimka ah. Falanqaynta of tusaalooyinka soo bixiyay daadiyeen doonaa nuurka ku saabsan dhacdooyinka ka dhacay waqti dheer ka hor.

Dhacdooyinka qaaday ka dib markii ay musiibada

asteriyoodh la uumibixiyey qayb weyn ee qolof dhulka ee. In ka badan meesha of dayrta ee samada si dheeraysa ugu galay burburka, dunida bexeen dababka iyo buureedyada. Waxaa danbas iyo ciidda la xiray qoraxda iyo muquurtay meeraha galay muddo aad u dheer oo gudcur jiilaalka.

In bilaha soo socda boodh iyo qashin on dusha dhulka ee dhacay, lakabka ah oo cufan oo daboolaya ciidda asteriyoodh caalamka. Waa lakabka, taasu waa palaeontologists markhaati waqti ahmiyad sare ee taariikhda dhulka.

In aagga of North America in saamaynta meteorite a Shafay kaymaha xaqse la undergrowth cufan ee ferns iyo ubaxyo. cimilada ee waagaas ayaa ka diirran yahay la joogo. At ulaha laga gelin lahaa, waxaa jiray baraf lahayn, iyo dinosaurs noqnoqon ma aha oo kaliya Alaska, laakiin sidoo kale on Seymurovyh Islands.

Cawaaqibka saamaynta meteorite dhulka, saynisyahano ku bartay, falanqeeyo lakabka Cretaceous-Paleogene, helay in ka badan 300 oo goobood oo adduunka oo dhan. Tani waxay siisay sababo in la yidhaahdo in ay ku dhinteen oo dhan ku nool meel u dhow xuddunta u ah dhacdooyinka. Qaybta soo horjeeda ee dunida by dhulgariir, tsunami, la'aanta ah ee iftiinka iyo saameynta kale ee musiibada saamaysay.

uxuu kuwa ku nool ma in aan si dhakhso ah u dhintaan, u dhinta la'aanta cuntada iyo biyaha, halligay roob acid. Dhimashada Dhirta keentay in dhimashada geedo daaq, oo ka bidix carnivorous gaaray aan itaalka lahayn. All links ee silsiladda lagu xad gudbay.

fikradaha New saynisyahano

Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano wax ku bartay fossils on Earth noolaan karaa oo keliya marka xayawaan yar (sida raccoons, tusaale ahaan). Taasi waxay lahaayeen fursad ay ku noolaadaan xaaladaha kuwa. Maxaa yeelay, iyagu waxay cuni yar, si degdeg ah u ciyaaro, oo si fudud loo qabsan.

Fossils soo jeedinaya in Yurub iyo Waqooyiga America ay ahayd xaalad wanaagsan ka dib musiibada, ka badan meelo kale. eynu Mass - this habka dual. Haddii wax ka mid ah gacanta ku lumay in dhinaca kale waa in wax dhacaan. Sidaas odhan saynisyahano.

Soo celinta dhulka qaadatay waqti aad u dheer. Jiheysteen jira boqolaal, ama xataa kun oo sano ka hor la lafaguro waxaa dib loo soo celiyo. Ajnabiga, badaha ku qaatay saddex milyan oo sano si loo soo celiyo nolosha caadiga ah ee noolaha.

Ka dib markii dab daran ee dhulka ku soo degay ferns, si deg deg ah populating gobollada gubay. lafaguro kuwa baxsaday dab la wada degganaa by Muuse iyo algae. Meelaha ugu yaraan saameeyay burburka, noqdaan meelo taas oo si ay u noolaadaan, noocyada qaar ka mid ah uxuu ku nool. Later inay ku kala baahsan adduunka. Tusaale ahaan, in badaha ee IMB ayaa ka badbaaday, kalluunka qaar ka mid ah, Yaxaasyada.

lumay oo dhamaystiran dinosaurs furay niches dhawrista cusub, taas oo qaadan karta xayawaan kale. In socdaalka mustaqbalka ee nuujiya qolka dhigi keentay waxoodii badnaa joogo caalamka.

macluumaad cusub oo ku saabsan ee la soo dhaafay adduunka ee

Drilling of bohol ugu weyn dunida oo dhan, oo ku yaalla gobolka Peninsula Yucatan ah, iyo tijaabada iyo aad u badan u oggolaan doona in saynisyahano si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida bohol la aasaasin, iyo cawaaqibka dayrta ee formation of xaaladaha cusub ee cimilada. Muunado laga soo qaaday gudaha ee bohol ah, u ogolaan doonaa khubaro ah si ay u fahmaan waxa ku dhacay dhulka ka dib markii saameynta xoogga badan iyo sida loo sii nolosha dib loo soo celiyo. Seynisyahanno xiiso u fahmo waxa ay jidka la soo celiyo iyo kuwa marka hore ugu dhakhsaha badan ku soo laabtay yimid duwanaanta evolutionary foomamka.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ay ku dhinteen noocyada iyo noolaha qaarkood, foomamka kale ee nolosha bilaabay inuu laba jeer ku barwaaqoobi. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, sawirka waa musiibo on meeraha Earth lagu celiyo karo jeer taariikhda badan oo dhan. Oo mar kasta way baabbe'een wax nool oo dhan, iyo in mustaqbalka uu jiro geedi socodka dib u soo celinta ah. Waxay u badan tahay in ay taariikhda iyo horumarinta noqon lahaa kala duwan haddii ay tahay 65 milyan oo sano ka hor, asteriyoodh uu ku saabsan meeraha dhacday lahaa. Khubarada sidoo kale ma saarayso suurogalka in nolosha dunida korkeeda ku dhashay mahad asteriyoodh badan ku dhacaa.

halkii epilogue ah

dayrta ee asteriyoodh uu sababay hawl hydrothermal xoog Chicxulub bohol, taas oo ay u badan tahay socday 100,000 oo sano. Waxay awood yaabaa gipermatofilam iyo thermophiles (this noolaha hal-unuglaha qalaad) in ay baraaraan deeganada kulul, gelida gudaha bohol ah. Tani waxay la xiqiijiyay in aqoonyahaniinta, dabcan, waxay u baahan tahay in lagu baaro. In qoditaanka dhagaxa weyn caawin kartaa daadiyaan iftiin on dhacdooyin badan. weli Sidaa darteed, saynisyahano wajihi jira su'aalo badan oo u baahan in jawaabo, waxbarashada Chicxulub ah (bohol).