Beeraha: oilseeds. dhaqanka Ruush Shrovetide

Sabaayad iyo dalagyada mashquulin meel gaarka ah ee beeraha dalka reer Ruushka. Subagga, kuwaas oo ka soo jeeda abuur ah iyo miraha ay, waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha gaar ah.

Oilseeds: Liiska dhirta

Beerto waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha cuntada, u dhaqmaan sida mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee cayriin ee wax soo saarka beeraha. The dhaqanka Shrovetide Ruush ugu caansan - kufsi, iniin khardal le'eg, Landkruusaro, castor, gabbaldayaha. Liiska kale oo ku jira perilla, lallemantia, sisinta, safflower, looska iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Baaraandegidda dalagga saliidda waa mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee Warshadaha Hoose.

gabbaldayaha

Waxa uu madax u ah liiska, taas oo dalagyada beerta Baankeegga. Gabbaldayaha gayiga qaranka bilaabay inuu baaqbaaq bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad ee. Iyada oo wakhtigan cayiman oilseeds faafin meelaha Kuban, Saratov iyo Voronezh. By bilowgii gabbaldayaha World Second qabsadeen ilaa 3 million Ha.. horumarka la taaban karo ee warshadda this la ogaadaa karaa Bulgaria, Hungary iyo Romania.

xogta tirokoobka on Ruushka

dhalidda ka iman kara gabbaldayaha ku saabsan yahay 4-5 metrik halkii hektar. In 2011, ee indices gobolka Southern 14.5 c / ha, iyo in Volga ah - 10.7 c / ha. Beeraha soo saaray oo ku saabsan 27% ka mid ah dhaqanka. Sababaha ugu waaweyn yihiin dhalid hooseeyo iyo cudura agronomic wareeg hababka beerashada. Oo ay la socdaan tani ma aha saameynta muhiimadda ay leedahay ee la soo dhaafay of dulin, cudurada iyo cayayaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gabbaldayaha - ka, dalagyada ugu kharash-ool-saliid sare. In 2006-2010 share uu dalagga ahaa oo ku saabsan 12%. Waxaa ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha badan ee dalagga saliid gabbaldayaha saarka qaaday 80%. In muddo ah Soviet waxaa la rumeysan yahay in hektar ah pollination ugu dhameystiran gaari la 0.5-1 qoyska shinnida. By soo saarka malab 70s hore ayaa lagu qiyaasay at 16.3-3.5 kg / ha. Tan iyo waqti in si wayn kor ugu liiska Beelaha iyo noocyo of gabbaldayaha koray ee Russia.

qiimo nafaqo ee gabbaldayaha

saliid waxay u adeegtaa sida dhaqanka processing alaabta aasaasiga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa laga helay dhinaca gabbaldayaha kala duwan feed. Tusaale ahaan, qiimaha hal waa isticmaalka dhirta afkoda in industry saxarka ah. Waxay soo bandhigaan si ay of 40-48% of cellulose. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, caws gabbaldayaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee loox fiber. Warshad baahsan beeraha - waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida a dalagga calafka. In dhamaadka qalalan ee xagaaga at beerto dalagyada xaggeeda mass cagaaran waa la helay. Waxay, ee jeedo, waxaa loo isticmaalaa si silage.

linen Sabaayad

Waxaa faaftaa inta badan ee gobollada qalalan iyo diiran. Gaar ahaan, dhaqanka la koray ee reer galbeedka, Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Asia, South, North America iyo Bartamaha. Recently qabtay noocyo kala duwan oo tijaabo si ay u aqoonsadaan Bulshda ee ay beerayo Central Europe. linen Sabaayad waa warshad jahaysteen hooseeyo. Waxaa koraa ilaa 50-80 cm., Iyada oo ku xidhan tirada laamaha u sameeyaan goobo kala duwan tahay 2 ilaa 10 iyo ka badan. saliid geed linen ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa warshadaha cuntada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay u adeegtaa sida qalab dihin ee rinjiga iyo maqaar iyo warshadaha kabaha. cake waxayga linenka ah uu qiimo sare ah ee nafaqada iyo waxa loo isticmaalaa in diyaarinta feed shancosbitaal xoolo u caanaha. Waa protein joogo, fiber iyo saliid. cake wanaagsan oo linenka si sahal ah ku milmaan xoolaha. qaybaha nafaqo Sababo dhexdeeda la joogo, kordhinta wax-soosaarkooda, kordhinta boqolkiiba baruurta ee caanaha. caws engegan oo linenka ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in soo saaridda of qoraal warqad. Sidoo kale, dalagga saliid this isticmaalo in wershedaha dawooyinka ee.

Gaar ahaan beerista linen

Ka hor inta kacaanka ee Russia processing dhaqanka this ahayd arrin heer hoose ah. Kaliya ee muddada Soviet in beeraha dawladda iyo wadajirka ah ee ay awoodaan in ay kor u dalagga. Tani ayaa la gaarayaa isticmaalka mechanization. dhirta kaymo, inta badan dhexdhexaad ah oo aan branching salka, laakiin laan ka dhexe ee asliga ah. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, fiiloyin waxayga linenka ah ee loo isticmaalo si loo soo saaro warqad ama cottonization. wax soo saarka Tani waa mid caadi ah in America. Istaajiyo Shrovetide waxayga linenka ah sida caadiga ah ka xoog badan fur ah, iyo waxa ay leedahay fiiloyin yar.

khardal cad

dalagyada saliidda Tani waxay ka Mediterranean, Eastern Hindiya iyo Western Europe yimid. Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, iniin khardal waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida geedo yaryar ah oo daawo iyo xawaash. Sida oilseeds waxaa dhawaan loo isticmaalo. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu iska leh beeraha Yarov, waxa ay leedahay qaybinta kooban. In sano ee la soo dhaafay, iniin khardal ah u dhaqmo sida dalagga calafka dhexe.

Landkruusaro

Tani waa geed yar oo sanadle ah digiraha qoyska. In xididka Landkruusaro bakteeriyada gaar ah la joogo, taasoo ay sabab u tahay diinta ka ah waa la fuliyay nitrogen ku jira deegaanka. protein Soy hodan (40-45%), dufanka (20%), carbohydrates (30%). Waxa kale oo ku jira xubno macdanta kala duwan (oo ku saabsan 5-6%). In protein iyo amino acid of Halabuurka set oo ah Landkruusaro waxaa loo arkaa analoogga ugu dhow cuntada xoolaha. dhirta soo saarta si joogto ah u koraya. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxay ahayd heerka of 156,5 Million. Metrik. Tiradan waxaa ka badan tirokoobyada ee 1991-1995 30% ilaa sannadkii 1998.

aagga Landkruusaro sii kordhaya

In Russia maanta jira oo ku saabsan 280 tan oo digir ah sanadkiiba. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa ujeedooyin quudinta. Meelaha ugu muhiimsan Landkruusaro kordhaya:

1. North Caucasus, gobolka Rostov., Gobolka Krasnodar Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. Waxaa uu ku yaalaa ku saabsan 9.6% iyo beerista waa la fuliyay in ka badan 13% dhalidda guud.
2. Bariga Fog (Amur gobolka., Khabarovsk iyo Primorsky Krai). In zone this, waxaa jira in ka badan 88% ka mid ah dalagyada. Saamiga dhalidda guud ee ET waa 86% ka mid ah dalka.
3. Gobollada Bari iyo galbeedka Siberia, Ural iyo Volga. Waxaa uu ku yaalaa ku dhawaad 1.5% of dalagga waxaa la sameeyaa iyo amarka of 1% dhalidda guud.

lawska

dalagyada saliidda Tani ayaa laga keeno Turkey 1792. In 1825 isku day marka hore la qabsato deegaanka ee lawska Odessa qaaday. Maanta, ee meelaha yar yar geedka waxaa koray ee Jamhuuriyadda oo ka mid ah Caucasus iyo Central Asia. Lawska waxaa lagu beerayaa in ay soo saaraan saliid la cuni karo ka soo abuurka ay. Saamiga ee alaabta lagu tiriyaa ku saabsan 53% ka mid ah wadarta guud. Sida for heerka protein in lawska, waa laga hoosaysiiyey, soy ka mid ah. Mid ka mid ah tan oo ah miraha hulled celcelis ahaan, ka 226 si ay u 317 kg oo saliid ah. Ugu horayn, alaabta this waxaa loo isticmaalaa in macmacaanka iyo qasaceyn warshadaha. The seeds looska milled waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida lagu daro inta lagu guda jiro soo saaridda of shukulaatada. Dhaladooda iyo bagasse waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida calafka xoolaha. oo qabaal ku joogo ilaa protein 11%. By ay qiimo nafaqo waa ineysan dushiisa dhir iyo alfalfa. Waayo, warshadaha cuntada kala duwan oo gaar ah ayaa la koray. Waxay leeyihiin dhadhan bean. The seeds dubay of kala duwan ee cuntada la cuno, la jajabiyey loo isticmaalo sida lagu daro wax soo saarka macmacaanka.