Antibiyootikada waa qarni ugu dambeeyay ee ballaadhan-spectrum

Waxaa ka mid ah daawooyinka mashquulin meel muhiim antibiotics jiilka soo dhaafay firfircoon ka dhanka ah jeermiska badan. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta heley faafa, taas oo si weyn u dhimay dhimashada bukaanka ka banal in ay taariikhda pneumonias iyo hurgumada kilyaha. Sababo antibiotics for fududeeyey oo la dedejiyey soo kabashada ee boronkiitada, hogaga, iyo waxa suurto gal ah in ay sameeyaan qalliin adag noqday. cudurada Xitaa dhaawacaa waxaa si guul leh daaweeyaa antibiotika.

antibiotics Broad-spectrum (ABSHS)

Qaybtan waxaa ku jira wakiilada antimicrobial firfircoon ka dhanka ah noolaha garaam-negative iyo garaam-positive. marka hore waa wakiilada sababaya cudurada caloosha, heley bararka oo ka mid ah Fistula iyo nidaamka neef-mareenka. organisms Gram-positive caadi keenta cudurrada nabarka iyo dhexdhexaadin dhacdo dhibaatooyinka postoperative in qaliin.

List ABSHS waqti sii daayo kala duwan

Qaar ka mid antibiotic spectrum ballaadhan qarnigan ugu dambeeyay waa firfircoon ka dhanka ah cudurada protozoal. Tusaale ahaan waxaa ka mid ah taagayo nitroimidazole - tinidazole, metronidazole iyo ornidazole. The metronidazole ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo, sababtoo ah awood. Uu analoogga class - tinidazole - spectrum mid ah hawlaha antimicrobial, laakiin parenterally ma codsatay. Guud ahaan, dhammaan kooxaha of antibiotics ballaaran spectrum waxaa lagu soo bandhigay sida soo socota:

• benisiliinta dabiiciga ah;
• ingibitorzaschischennye aminopenicillin;
• benisiliinta pseudomonas, oo ay ku jiraan ingibitorzaschischennye;
• cephalosporins III jiilka cephalosporins jiilka IV ;
• Kooxda aminoglycosides;
• antibiotics tetracycline ,
• antibiotics macrolide;
• tirada antibiotics carbapenem;
• chloramphenicol;
• fosfomycin;
• rifampin;
• dioxidine;
• sulfonamides;
• quinolones, fluoroquinolones;
• Kooxda nitrofurans;
• nitroimidazole antibiotics taxane.

Liiska Tani lama siiyo magacyada kooxaha of antibiotics cidhiidhi-spectrum. Waxay yihiin gaar ah in tiro yar oo ah microbes oo waa wax ku ool ah iyaga ka gees ah. daroogada cidhiidhi-spectrum looma isticmaali karo si loogu daweeyo ee superinfection oo aan la siman codsatay. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida a antibiotics-line koowaad ee pathogene a qoray.

Liiska qarniyadii hore ABSHS

The kor ku xusan wakiilada antimicrobial iska leh noocyo kala duwan oo daroogo. Tani waa liis dhamaystiran oo kooxaha walxaha hawlaha ka dhanka ah bakteeriyada garaam-positive iyo garaam-negative. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, liiska ku jira labada jiilka ugu dambeeyay ee antibiotics iyo wakiilada hore ee kooxda. Oo ka mid ah wakiilo ka farcankii ugu dambeeyay ee kor ku xusan waxaa lagu soo socda kooxaha daroogada:

• aminopenicillin in ay yihiin adkaysi u beta-lactamase ( "Sulbactam", "Ampicillin", "clavulanate" "Amoxicillin");
• cephalosporins qarniyo III iyo IV ( "Cefotaxime" "Cefoperazone" "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone" "cefpirome" "Cefepime");
• Qarni III antibiotics aminoglycoside ( "Amikacin" "Netilmicin");
• macrolides 14- iyo 15-membered semi-dardaro ( "Roxithromycin" "Clarithromycin," "azithromycin");
• Dabiiciga ah 16-membered antibiotics macrolide ( "midecamycin");
• fluoroquinolones III iyo IV ka ab ( "levofloxacin" "sparfloxacin" "Gatifloxacin" "Trovafloxacin" "Moxifloxacin");
• carbapenems ( "meropenem" "Imipinem-cilastatin" "Ertapenem");
• nitrofurans ( "Nitrofurantoin" "Furazidin", "ersefuril").

Antibiyootikada in ay yihiin laga saaray liiska

Kuwani benisiliinta antipseudomonal hore ilaaliyo leeyihiin qaybaha kala duwan ee hawlaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsatay uun P. aeruginosa in view of baahida loo qabo in la yareeyo xiriirka tahay taariikhda ugu dambeeyey iyo antibiotic awood. Tani waxay ka hortagtaa halista bakteeriyada daawada u adkeysata. waxtarka ugu weyn cudurka Pseudomonas teedu "tazobactam." Mararka qaarkood "Piperacillin" iyo "clavulanate" loo isticmaalo sida jiilka ugu dambeeyay ee antibiotics for pneumonia sababa nooc isbitaalka ee pathogene ah.

Sidoo kale liiska ku jira ma group antibiotics jiilka soo dhaafay of benisiliinta dabiiciga ah iyo anti-staphylococcal. hore ee looma isticmaali karo in lagu daweeyo bukaanka ay sabab u tahay baahida loo qabo maamul mudayo sinta ama xidid soo noqnoqda. Foomamka in uu oggolaan inay afka ku qaadan, kajirin. Xaaladda A la mid ah ay ka jirto la cephalosporins. Iyada oo spectrum la mid ah hawlaha sida benisiliinta ah, ay lama duri karo in afka ah, maxaa yeelay, burburinta ee caloosha.

Cephalosporins iyo benisiliinta isticmaalka parenteral - waa jiilka ugu dambeeyay ee antibiotics waxtar u leh pneumonia. saynisyahano NASB ayaa ku guulaysteen in ay soo koraya foomka qiyaasta maamulka enteral ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi baaris ayaa weli ma u fulin, iyo tiro ka mid ah daroogada iyo hadda oo kaliya in hay'adaha daryeelka caafimaadka taagan waa la isticmaali karaa.

antibiotics aadka wax ku ool ah ee carruurta

Sahaminta jiilka ugu dambeeyay ee antibiotics, liiska daawooyinka lagu talinayaa in caruurta, si weyn u cidhiidhi ah. In carruurnimada, kaliya loo isticmaali karaa by wakiilada dhowr aminopenicillins ( "Amoxicillin", "clavulanate"), cephalosporins ( "ceftriaxone" "Cefepime"), macrolides ( "azithromycin", "midecamycin" "Roxithromycin", "Clarithromycin"). antibiotics Fluoroquinolone, carbapenems iyo nitrofurans ma loo isticmaali karaa sababtoo ah Dulmiga koritaanka lafaha, beerka iyo kelyaha sumoobo.

nitrofurans System ma codsatay sabab la'aanta ah ee cadaymaha cilmiga taageeraya ammaanka daweynta. marka laga reebo kaliya waa "furatsillina", ku haboon si loogu daweeyo nabrihii degaanka. antibiotics casriga ah iyo si sare hufan ee jiilka soo dhaafay carruurta sida soo socota: macrolides, benisiliinta, cephalosporins (magacyada daawooyinka waxaa sare lagaa siin). Kooxdu waxay soo haray ee wakiilada antimicrobial laguma talinayo, sababtoo ah saamaynta sun ah, iyo cudura lafaha.

ABSHS haweenka uurka leh

Sida laga soo xigtay soocidda FDA (US), oo kaliya dhowr ka mid ah antibiotics jiilka ugu dambeeyay waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in daaweyn jiray haweenka uurka leh, taas oo ah liis aad u yar. Waxay ka tirsan tahay qaybaha A iyo B, waa khatar ah oo iyaga ka mid ma xaqiijiyay ama ma saamayn teratogenic ee cilmiga xoolaha.

Muqaadaraadka la saamaynta furin on ilmaha caloosha ku, iyo sidoo kale ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen saamaynta sun ah oo keliya loo isticmaali karaa in ay dhacdo baahsanaanta saameyn ku daweyn dhinaca ah (category C iyo D). Diyaargaraw category X kala duwan saamaynta teratogenic xaqiijiyay on ilmaha caloosha ku, haddii loo baahdo, sababta oo ah isticmaalka daruuri ilmo iska soo ridid.

Inta aad uurka leedahay, ka antibiotics ka dib jiilka soo dhaafay kiniin ballaadhan-spectrum: aminopenicillin ilaaliyo ( "Amoklav", "Amoxiclav"), cephalosporins ( "Cefazolin" "ceftriaxone" "Cefepime"). Macrolides ( "azithromycin", "Clarithromycin", "midecamycin" "Roxithromycin") waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay isticmaalaan in Saddex biloodlaha saddexaad ee uurka ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ay saamayn teratogenic aan la si buuxda u bartay, iyo la'aanta waxaa ka mid ah in aan la unambiguously hadli karin. Sidoo kale, haweenka uurka leh si nabad ah u isticmaalaan antibiotics penicillin ay ka maqan yihiin xasaasiyad.

Isticmaalka antibiotics ee daaweynta ee boronkiitada

All antibiotics jiilka soo dhaafay ballaadhan-spectrum, in aragtida, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa boronkiitada iyo oofwareenka haddii sifooyinka ay pharmacodynamic fiicnayn for this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira nidaamyo si mug leh daaweynta qumman ee cudurada sida. Waxay qaadan akoonka kala duwanaansho isku guul antimicrobials si loo hubiyo in caymiska balaadhan oo ah nooc microbial.

Nitrofurans, taagayo nitroimidazole iyo sulfonamides isticmaalka aan buuxin ee cudurada bararka ee qaabka neefsashada. The isku darka ugu guulaha badan ee boronkiitada ama oof-wareen, socodka sambabka la ilaaliyo macrolide la aminopenicillin ( "Amoklav" + "azithromycin"). boronkiitada sii dheerayn baahan cephalosporin ballan halkii aminopenicillin ( "ceftriaxone" + "azithromycin"). In nidaamka this, macrolide la bedelay laga yaabaa in la class kale analog, waayo, "midecamycin" "Clarithromycin" ama "Roxithromycin".

Kuwan oo dhan antibiotics dambeeyay jiilka waayo, boronkiitada leeyihiin saamayn fahmayaan, inkastoo calaamadaha caafimaad ee cudurka laga yaabo inay sii joogo. Faraj ee waxtarka daawaynta - muuqaalka kore ee qufac leh xaako si tartiib tartiib ah loo nadiifiyo iyo gargaarka qandho. In COPD sidoo kale jilciyaa dyspnea, rabitaanka cuntada soo hagaagtay, hoos u doonayaan, inta jeer qufac.

daaweynta ku ool ah oo pneumonia

Pneumonia of khafiif ah loola dhaqmo oo ku saleysan boronkiitada, laakiin iyadoo la isticmaalayo cephalosporin iyo macrolide. Marka dhexdhexaad pneumonia bulshada-heleen daran ka soo jeedo magacaabay cephalosporin ( "ceftriaxone" ama "Cefepime") iyadoo tiro ka mid ah fluoroquinolones ( "Ciprofloxacin" ama "Levofloxacin"). antibiotics Kuwani jiilka soo dhaafay ballaadhan-spectrum microflora sidoo Baabi'inta bulshada helay, iyo saamaynta ay la isticmaalo waxaa lagu dareemi karaa maalintii labaad ee daaweynta.

jiilka maanta dambeeyay ee antibiotics for pneumonia (magaca sare lagaa siin) saamayn pathogene ah, hawlaha lagama maarmaanka ah by xakamaynayaan ama isaga dilay. Walxaha ugu horeeyay waxaa lagu magacaabaa bacteriostatic, bactericidal iyo daawooyinka dambe. Cephalosporins, iyo fluoroquinolones aminopenicillin - bactericides, iyo macrolides - bacteriostats. Waxaa intaa dheer, isku darka ee antibiotics loogu tala galay in oo keliya ma ay ballaariso kala duwan ee hawlaha, laakiin sidoo kale in ay u hoggaansamaan xeerarka isku mid daroogada la mid bacteriostatic bactericidal.

Daaweynta pneumonia daran ee HITD

In daryeelka degdegga ah, halkaas oo ay jiraan waxaa laga yaabaa in bukaanka qaba oof-wareen daran iyo cidhiidhi syndrome ku saabsan asalka ah ee loo eedsaday. kaalin weyn darnaanta xaaladda bukaanka sida dhigaysa microflora pathogenic waa adkaysi u antimicrobials ugu. Xaaladaha noocaas ah, waxay dalban carbapenems ( "Imipinem-cilastatin," "Tienam", "Meropenem"), ma aha kuwo sax ah loogu isticmaalo goobaha bukaan socodka ah.

Daaweynta hogaga iyo hogaga

Qarni dambeeyay ee antibiotics waayo, hogaga ama sanka maanta loo isticmaalaa in lagu dilo jeermiska. Xaaladaha noocaas ah, mid ka mid ah u isticmaali karaa antibiotic ah bactericidal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii sanka dhib ugu weyn waa in ay helaan goob uu ka caabuq antimicrobial. Sidaa darteed, inta badan la isticmaalo cephalosporin daroogada. Tusaale ahaan waa "ceftriaxone" ama "Cefepime." Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa in la fluoroquinolone III jiilka - "Levofloxacin".

Daaweynta antimicrobials casriga angina

Qarni ugu dambeeyay ee antibiotics for cune xanuun doortay ujeeddo oo isku mid. Waxaa intaa dheer, iyo in sanka ah, iyo wakiilada anti-microbial kale ayaa loo isticmaali karaa qumanka. Faraqa kaliya ee waa in ay dhacdo caabuq qumanka ayaa sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa oo goán, tusaale ahaan, "furatsillina" - diyaarinta tiro ka mid ah nitrofurans. Inkastoo aminopenicillins angina sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si guul sulbactam ilaaliyo ama clavulanic acid ( "Amoklav" "Amoksiklav" "Ospamoks"). Iyo daawooyinka waa in la maamulo, waayo 10-14 maalmood.

Daaweynta hurgumada kilyaha iyo cudurada of nidaamka genitourinary

Sababo la faddarayn of mareenka kaadida by microbes, jiilka ugu dambeeyay ee antibiotics in hurgumada kilyaha lagama maarmaanka u ah daawaynta. Qiimaha ugu weyn daweynta halkan waa cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones iyo nitrofurans. Cephalosporins waxaa loo isticmaalaa in hurgumada kilyaha yara yar daran, iyo fluoroquinolones ( "Ciprofloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "Moxifloxacin") - at sii daraysa ee asalka u leeyihiin daaweynta ah.

The daroogada ugu guulaha badan, ku haboon labada monotherapy iyo isku dhafan oo "ceftriaxone" waa wakiilka ah tiro ka mid ah nitrofurans - "FURAMAG"). Sidoo kale quinolone waxaa loo isticmaali karaa - "acid Nalidixic". Recent abuuro uruureen sare kaadida iyo waa firfircoon ka dhanka ah wakiilada sababaya of cudurada kaadida ah. Sidoo kale, mararka qaar marka siilka dysbacteriosis iyo gardnelleze codsatay "Metronidazole".

adkeysiga daawada iyo saamaynteeda

Sababo la xiriira isbedelka joogto ah waxyaabaha la dhaxlo ee sheyga, inta badan bakteeriyada, waxtarka badan antimicrobial waxaa si weyn u dhimay. Isuna caabiga daroogada, bakteeriyada diyaariyey awoodda si ay u noolaadaan ee jirka aadanaha by dhexdhexaadinta nabaad cudurrada faafa. Tani ciidamada cilmi in la raadiyo oo u fulin antibiotics cusub jiilka soo dhaafay.

Inta lagu jiro muddada jiritaanka of wakiilada antimicrobial loogu talagalay oo ku saabsan 7000 walxaha si gaar ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daawada. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ka baxay isticmaalka ay sabab u tahay saamaynta kooxda Caafimaad muhiim ama sababta oo ah barashada afku ee iska caabin ah microbial iyaga. Sababtoo ah maanta in daawo codsatay oo ku saabsan 160 daroogada. About 20 iyaga ka mid ah - waa qarni ugu dambeeyay ee antibiotics, oo magacyadoodiina inta badan ka muuqda buugaagta caafimaadka ee therapy antimicrobial cudurrada faafa.