Alkali - tani salka ama inaan la siin? Waa maxay hantida?

Waa maxay acid ama cusbo oo dhanba, inta badan si fiican u yaqaan. Way adag tahay in la helo qof aan haysta dhalo khal ama loo isticmaalo in cuntada nolosha, shiidaa cunto kasta oo aan taas oo u muuqata cusub oo Faylasha. Laakiin waxa badisid? Tani waa isku mid sida ee saldhiga ah, ama inaan la siin? Maxaa ka dhigay ka acid ee kala duwan? su'aalaha noocan oo kale ah kadibna uu kartaa qof kasta, oo sidaas daraaddeed u ogolaan nafteena in ay u raaxayn lahaa aqoonta in mar ahaayeen dugsiga.

Alkali - waxa uu yahay waxan?

Si aad u bilowdo, xarunta biraha biyo ah hydroxides kiimiko loo yaqaan. walaxda noocan ah, ammonium ah, alkali ama dhulka biraha xumadoodu, waxaa loo yaqaan alkali ah. Taa baddalkeeda, salka - waa elektrolytka ah, oo ay ka mid, marka lagu daro udhigo hydroxide (OH ^-), ma anions kale. Sidaas darteed, waxaan dhihi karaa in alkali ah - waa wax saldhig L. Si ay u sameeyaan hydroxide sida bir laga yaabaa in kooxaha IA iyo IIa (kuwa dabadeed iman calcium). Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda sida laga yaabaa in ay iska badisid sodium (formula NaOH), bariat sodium (Ba (OH) _2), hydroxide potassium (Koh), hydroxide cesium (CsOH), iwm Waxay u taagan yihiin walax adag oo cad, oo waxaa lagu gartaa hygroscopicity sare.

guryaha alkalis

Fasakha biyo xeryahooda sida waxaa la socda qarniga kulayl badan. In Group IA alkali ugu xoogga badan - hydroxide cesium iyo Group IIa a - hydroxide radium. Tusaale ka mid ah noocan ah xidhiidhada daciif ah uma shaqayn karo ammonia iyo lime cabbid. alkalis iyo dhamayta waa L. in ethanol iyo methanol. In gobolka adag walxaha oo dhan biyo u nuugo hawada iyo carbon dioxide iyo si tartiib tartiib ah loo beddelaa carbonates. The hantida ugu muhiimsan ee alkali waa in ay sabab u tahay in ay dareen-celin la cusbadu acid sameeyay - habkaani waa mid aad inta badan loo isticmaalaa in industry ee. Iyada oo xiriir kuwaas oo u gudbin kartaa hadda korontada, oo sidaas daraaddeed iyaga waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida electrolytes. Diyaariyey isticmaalaya electrolysis ee chlorides alkali ama by ficil oxides biraha alkali biyo. warshadaha ee caadi ahaan u adeegsanayaa habka koowaad iyo labaad ee waxaa loo isticmaalaa inta badan in ay soo saaraan lime cabbid. In deegaan xumadoodu, waxa u kala diray baruurta, iyo hantida this waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in soo saaridda of saabuun. Tiro ka mid ah saldhigyada burburin kara dhirta iyo xayawaanka unugyada, cuncun maqaarka iyo dharka baabbi'in. Alkalies fal kartaa biraha gaar ah (tus aluminium), oo ay awoodaan in ay birta ka daxalka ilaaliyo. Waxay yihiin adkaysi u kulaylka - hydroxide sodium dhalaali kara oo keenay isku kari a, laakiin ma cawisa doonaa. Kuwani waa mid aad u kala duwan oo ka saldhigyadii beelaya alkali, qaar ka mid ah oo ah (tusaale ahaan, hydroxide lacag) decomposes xataa heerkulka qolka. Iyo sidoo kale acids, walxahan waxay u baahan yihiin daryeel weyn iyo dalabaadka sare saaraan sida loogu dhaqmayo talooyinka ammaanka. ilaalinta indhaha markaan badisid shaqeeya sida caadiga ah xidhaan muraayadaha. iyaga ILAALI loo ogol yahay oo keliya in weelasha gaar ah - weel aan ku haboon la cabbo.