Aalkolada - waxa uu yahay waxan? Maxay yihiin?

Maxaa loo isticmaalaa aalkolada ah? Tani waa mid ka mid ah kuwa mawduucyada u baahan in gaar ah, hab taxadir. Xaqiiqada ah in ay jiraan dad badan oo noocyada kala duwan ee dhaqayo. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waa in la isticmaalaa ay ujeedada looga danleeyahay, in qiyaasta adag. article waxay soo bandhigaysaa noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee antiseptics iyo codsiyada ay. Waxaan ka bilaabeynaa qeexid.

Waa maxay preservative ah?

Taas macnaheedu waxa weeye disha bakteeriyada iyo ka hortagga daatay putrefaction. asalka Giriigga ee erayga. Tarjumay "άντί" macnihiisu yahay "ka dhan ah" iyo "σηπτικός" tarjumayaa in "carow ah" ama "gnoisty".

antiseptics qaarkood waa bifidus iyo awood microbes ku baabbi'iyo, dadka kale - bacteriostatic oo ka hortagi kara oo keliya ama la xakameeyo korriimadooda.

Aalkolada - daroogada ah oo waxtarka ah ayaa la arkay. Microbicides, kaas oo ay leeyihiin awood u leh in baabbi'in qayb fayraska, loo yaqaan "daawooyinka fayruska."

saamaynta

In si ay u koraan bakteeriyada, waxay u baahan yihiin dhexdhexaad ah nafaqo wanaagsan (heerkulka, oxygen, qoyaanka). Haweenay walba oo naftiisa food leh, kuwaas oo xaaladaha ilaalinta cuntada. Tusaale kale waa dhaqanka qadiimiga ah eedayn dhintay. Maxaad ka dib markii qarniyo aad u badan, saynisyahano helay mumiyayaasha si fiican u sii raagayaan? Jawaabta fudud waxaa horay u soo isticmaashay goán.

Ka hor inta fikradda ah ayaa la sameeyay oo ku saabsan jeermiska, diiradda saarayaa ka hortaga suuska. Markii hore, tirada wakiilka la doonayo la goostay, sida ay yidhaahdaan, "by isha". Habkani ma ahayn mid sax ah, laakiin waayo-aragnimo ah, sida aynu ognahay, yimaado wakhtiga iyo dhaqanka. antiseptics Maanta la qiimeeyaa sida ay u saameeyaan on dhaqamada saafi ah oo nooc gaar ah oo bakteeriya ama spore iyo foomamka daaqsinka. Wixii is barbar tallaabo xoog qaaday waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida xal phenol heerka (aqueous).

Sidaas daraaddeed, aalkolada - waa daawada jeermiska aalkolada. Hadda waxaan ka fiirsan doonaan, taas oo meelaha ay inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa.

Aalkolada in daawo

In jeermi arrintan si gaar ah muhiim. Ka hor dhalashada of antiseptics tayo leh oo casri ah loo "nadiifinta farsamoyaqaanka" waa loo kala qaababka carow ah. By qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVIII ah. Lister bartay ee "Aragti jeermiga of putrefaction", qoraal lui Pasterom. Waxaa dhiirigelintiisa lahaa fikradda ah, in uu dhawaan la daabacay warqad daaha mabaadi'da qaliin aalkolada.

fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray in ay acid carbolic. Waxa ay ahayd hab cusub si loo daaweeyo soo bax iyo jab furan. Its nuxurka faashadaynta xal of acid this. Lister noqday aasaasihii aalkolada, ka caawisaa in ay si waxtar leh ula dagaalamaan cudurka. Waxaa intaa dheer, xal shan boqolkiiba la superimposed on nabarka, iyo boqolkiiba laba ayaa la daweeyey tolliinka iyo dhaymo, gacmaha qalliinka beerta.

Listerovskogo aalkolada lahaa taageerayaasha ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale ka soo horjeeda sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda. Waxaa xiran cuncun daran oo waxyeello sun on nudaha labada bukaan-socodka, iyo in gacmaha qalliinka. Sidaa darteed, shaqo ee aagga this culus sii. A quarter-qarnigii ka dib, farsamo aseptic la helay. Natiijooyinka furitaanka ahaayeen cajiib ah. Sidaas badan si ay halkaas joogay soo jeedinta in ay dayacaan goán. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu cadeeyay wax aan macquul aheyn. Work sii.

Si dhakhso ah, kuwa cusub ayaa soo jeediyay in goán, yar sunta jidhka. Isla qalabka birta processing alaabtii qalliinka iyo waxyaabaha ku hareeraysan bukaanka. Sayidka asepsis iyo antisepsis isku maran la mid aad loo adkeeyay.

nooc oo jeermis-dileyaal

Farsamo. Waxa ay u ogolaataa nadiifinta microbes nabarka iyo unugyada nonviable (purulent dhaqo excision dalool (daawaynta) hoose nabarka iyo geesaha ay).

Jirka (faashadaynta, isticmaalka qalajiyo of budo, laser, Ultraviolet rays).

Kiimikada. Waxa aad u muhiim ma aha oo kaliya in daaweynta cudurada ku dhaawacay, laakiin sidoo kale in ay ka hortagga. saamayn dhaawici on sheyga ah.

Biological. Waxay ku salaysan isticmaalka group arrin kala duwan oo badan oo daawo u dhaqmaan sida cell microbial laftiisa iyo sunta ay, oon u qaadidda ciidamada difaaca ee jirka oo dhan (bacteriophages, antibiotics, antitoxins (inta badan waa serum ah), falgalka proteolytic).

Isku qasan. Kuwa ugu badan, waxay ku lug leedahay dhawr nooc oo mar (tus, a meelaha nabarka preprocessing (makaanikada), iyo hordhaca ah ee teetanada (biological)).

Number of antiseptics maanta waa weyn. Laakiin si ay u isticmaalaan had iyo jeer waa mid adag. In si kale loo dhigo, bayaanka "preservative - antibiotic ah" waa, in fact, sax ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo "taageero dheeraad ah" ee foomka of daryeelka boogta iyo jeermi dhismaha ee daawada maanta ma aan samayn karo.

Haddaba eegno antiseptics caafimaad ee ugu badan.

alcohols

Ethanol, isopropyl, propyl. fiirsashada ee ka soo 60% ilaa 90%. Waxayna ahaayeen kuwo labada qaab saafi ah oo isku qasan. U ogolow in jeermiska maqaarka ka hor la isku duro iyo qalliin. alcohols waxaa inta badan ay weheliso Tincture iodine ama wakiilada dusha-firfircoon cationic (gluconate klorhexidinsprit, chloride benzalkonium, dihydrochloride octenidine).

xeryahooda ammonium

magaca kale ee caadiga ah - SAAC. Waxaa ku jira tiro ka mid ah kiimikada (chloride benzalkonium (BAC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (STMV), chloride benzethonium (BZT), chloride cetylpyridinium (CPC ama Cetrim)). chloride Benzalkonium lagu darayaa jeermiska dila qaar ka mid ah. Ayaa loo baahan yahay si loogu daweeyo of maqaarka qalliinka ka hor. Loo isticmaalaa in lagu impregnate shukumaan aalkolada. tallaabo Antimicrobial surfactants fayruska aan nooleyn ee QAC walxaha anionic (tus, saabuun).

boric acid

Waxaa ku daray in saboostada ah oo lagu daweeyo cudurada siilka fangas. Boric acid waa fiican weeraro virus dagaal herpes. Waxaa ku daray in cream ka gubasho oo xal loogu talagalay lenses.

Hlorgeskidina gluconate

Tani derivative of biguanide. fiirsashada talinayo - ka 0.5% ilaa 4%. Waxaa loo adeegsan karaa oo keliya labada iyo isku dhafan oo alcohols ah. Waxaa loo adeegsaday sida aalkolada ah maqaarka. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo yiridka.

cagaaran cajiib ah

Waxay caan ku gudbiyo sida "rinjiga cagaaran". A daroogada aad caadi u ah. Loo isticmaalo daweynta ee boogaha, soo bax yar. saamayn dhaawici on bakteeriyada garaam-positive.

hydrogenperoxid

aalkolada Tani loo isticmaalo deodorization iyo nabro nadiifinta iyo boogaha. In nolol maalmeedka, inta badan waxa lagu daaweeyaa xoqid, xudunta. Available 6% iyo 3% xal.

iodine

Inta badan loo isticmaalo khamriga xal, xal "Lugol". Pre- iyo post-operative aalkolada. Jeermiska nabro yar yar oo iyaga laguma talinayo, sababtoo ah waxaa kor u nabarro. Faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee - waxqabad antimicrobial sare. Iyadoo gaadhista dheer in aasaasiga ah dila wareer ah, oo ay ku jiraan noocyo adag kudka of sheyga.

Oo macnaheedu yahay "Miramistin"

Qarniganu cusub ee daroogada. Medicament "Miramistin" - waa jeermis ah, kaasi oo loo adeegsaday in lagu daaweeyo (ama ka hortagga), cudurada boqoshaa, dabeecadda viral iyo bakteeriyada. wax soo saarka dalka Ruushka. Wixii lagu daaweyn jiray dhowr cudurrada faafa (caadi qabow) inta badan ku talinaynaa this aalkolada. Reviews waxaa ka mid ah, waayo qaybta ugu fiican. Daawada waa firfircoon ka dhanka ah ballaaran ee microbes keeni barar iyo suppuration daweeyo nabrihii, dhuun xanuun, cudurada fangas, chlamydia, herpes iyo kuwa kale. wakiilada Active "Miramistin" goobta fiirsashada of pathogene waxay ku xiran tahay.

joogga

Magaca labaad - aalkolada, wax kiciya. Waxa uu muujiyay guryaha antimicrobial iyo madadaalo. Waxay ka caawisaa si loo hagaajiyo lahjadda guud ahaan, waxay yaraysaa sumoobo. Active ka dhanka ah stafylokok, Bacillus tiibiida iyo kuwa kale. Waxay leedahay ur xun halkii pungent, maxaa yeelay, marar badan loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin xoolaha.

phenol

In xal loo isticmaalo daweynta gacanta dhakhtar isla markiiba ka hor qaliinka. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay biyo raaci saabka dhuunta. budo phenol rusheeyey xuddunta inta lagu guda jiro bogsashada. Waxay leedahay labadaba saamayn aalkolada iyo xanuunka.

Reeba waa daawo

Waxay dalbaday in warshadaha cuntada. Sida caadiga ah, this antiseptics, sheyga, inta badan acid ah (tus, acetic acid, oo dhan ka caan ah). Waa iyaga mahad in ay jiraan waa wax macquul ah muddo dheer in uu kaydiyo cuntada qasacadaysan. isticmaalka aad u firfircoon ee antiseptics dhismaha. Waxay waxaa lagu daraa inta badan ee rinjiga. Tani waxay suuro gelineysaa in takhalusi lahaayeen ee microflora saprophytic. Wood preservative - waa hub awood ka dhanka ah buluug, caaryada, qurun iyo dab. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay kordhisaa nolosha shelf ee geed immika miinshaarna waa ka.

Gaar ahaan in goán glazing baahida. Waa maxay? Sidaas wac daroogada, jidaynayey si loo ilaaliyo texture ka sameeyey qori iyo waqti isku mid ah quruxdiisa ku nuuxnuuxsaday. aalkolada translucent yaraynaysaa saamaynta dhaawici of qoyaan, Ultraviolet rays, isbedel heerkulka, waa wax ku ool ka dhanka ah cayayaanka. Reeba isticmaalo nolol maalmeedka. Waxay waxaa lagu daraa saabuun, waxay daweeyey qolka.