Xiqiijiyay in Planck ee: bilowgii dunida galmada

article Tani waxay fasireysaa waxa la xiqiijiyay of Planck, waa kuwa ay aasaasihii, iyo sida ay muhiimka u ahaa ee horumarka ah ee sayniska casriga ah. Sidoo kale muujiyay waa qiimaha fikrado quantization waayo, qaybaha oo dhan ka.

Casriga ah iyo physics galmada

dunida casriga nagu wareegsan waa technology aad u kala duwan ka ahaa aqoon kale boqol oo sano ka hor oo dhan. All this noqday suuragal ah keliya ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in marka waagu ee qarnigii labaatanaad, saynisyahano ka adkaateen Soohdin iyo ugu dambayntii la fahmo: maalkii iskeelka yar ma aha joogto ah. Oo waxaan furay xilligii uu qof cajiib ah malo - Maks isagga.

Biography Planck

Magiciisu waa: mid ka mid ah geysid jirka, isla'egta galmada, bulshada sayniska ee Germany, an asteriyoodh bohol ku dayaxa, xoqad meel. Uu image waxaa lagu xardhay eegtahay oo ku daabacan stamps iyo daabacaada lacag. Sidee qof ahaa Maks isagga? Waxa uu ku dhashay bartamihii qarnigii sagaal-, qoyska Jarmal sharaf leh hab suubban. Ka mid ah awowayaashiis ahaayeen qareennada iyo kirishtaan badan oo wanaagsan. waxbarashada M.Plank wanaagsan tahay, laakiin physicists asxaabteena si kaftan ah u bixiyey "is-baray". aqoonta aasaasiga ah ee cilmiga ku helay buugaagta.

xiqiijiyay in Planck ayaa waxa uu ka dhashay ee male ah in aragti ahaan la dheefay. uu qabtay "sayniska waa waxa ugu muhiimsan" mabda 'in uu mustaqbalkiisa sayniska. In World koowaad War Planck isku dayeen in ay sii xiriir la asxaabta shisheeye ka soo horjeeda Germany. Imaanshiyaha naasiga isaga qabtay agaasimaha a of a bulshada sayniska weyn - iyo saynisyahan waxay dooneen si ay u ilaaliyaan shaqaalahooda, ka caawiyay in ay dibada u tagaan kuwa ka taliskii carareen. Sidaas in la xiqiijiyay of Planck aan ahaa mid ka mid ah oo kaliya oo uu ixtiraamo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu bayaan ugu marnaba la hadlay kana soo horjeestay Hitler, sida muuqata ogaaday in aan is Dhibayn oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale ay awoodaan si ay u caawiyaan dadka u baahan yahay. Nasiib darro, physicists badan ma ay aqbalin booska this Plank oo joogsaday dhiganta isaga la. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa shan caruur ah, oo kan ugu yar oo kaliya ka badbaaday aabbihiis. wiilkiisii weynaa oo qaaday marka hore, dhexe ah - dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Laba gabdhood ma noolaan dhalmada. Xaaladdan oo kale, saffarro xusay in kaliya guriga ahaa Planck qudhiisa.

ilo quanta

From aqoonyahan dugsiga xiiso sharciga labaad ee thermodynamics. Waxay u akhriya sida soo socota: geeddi-socodka kasta oo kaliya la kordhiyo fowdo iyo khasaaro tamarta ama mass. Waxa uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay si ay u dejinayaan sidan - marka la eego entropy, taas oo kaliya kor u qaadi kara nidaamka thermodynamic. Later, waa shaqo this keentay in la xiqiijiyay in Planck caanka ahaa diyaariyey. Waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa soo bandhigay dhaqanka si ay u wadaagaan ee xisaabta iyo physics, ku dhowaad abuuro qaybta teori dambaysta ah. oo isaga ka horreeyey oo dhan cilmiga dabiiciga ah waxay ahaayeen isku dhafan, oo tijaabo ah ayaa la sameeyey by laboratories hal, taas oo ku dhow yihiin ma kala duwan yihiin alchemical.

xiqiijiyay of quanta

Sahaminta entropy ee hirarka electromagnetic shuruudaha oscillators gudahood, oo ku salaysan xogta tijaabo helay labadii maalmood ka hor October 19, 1900, saynisyahano Planck soo bandhigay formula kale taasi oo markii dambe loogu yeedhi lahaa oo magiciisa by. Waxaa xiriirisa tamarta iyo Milanello ee heerkulka shucaaca (in kiiska la yareeyo for blackbody). Waayo, habeen ee soo socda asxaabtii uu hoos jihada of Rubens tijaabiyay si loo xaqiijiyo aragtida this. Oo iyana waxay ku qumman! Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u caddeeyaan aragti ahaan iyo tobanaad ka xiqiijiyay in caanaha iyo sidaas looga fogaado nooca adag xisaabeed koobi karayn Planck lahaa in la aqoonsado tamarta la timaada durdur aan joogto ah, sidii hore u maleeyey, iyo qaybo shaqsi (E = hν). Habkan waxaa la jiido oo dhan fikradaha jira of adag ah. xiqiijiyay in galmada Planck ayaa galisay physics.

Cawaaqibka quantization ah

Marka ugu horeysa, cilmiga ma oga muhiimadda uu helay. Intii muddo ah, formula waxaa loo isticmaalay iyaga la rijeynaya oo keliya sida hab habboon in la yareeyo tirada hawlaha xisaabta si ay u xisaabiso. Isla mar ahaantaana sida Planck iyo aqoonyahanno kale oo loo isticmaalo isla'egta joogtada ah ee Maxwell. Jahwareer kaliya h joogto ah, taas oo aan loo maareeyo laga yaabaa in la siiyo macnaha jirka ah. Kaliya ka dib Albert Eynshteyn iyo Paul Ehrenfest, akhriska oo dhan ifafaale cusub ee shucaaca oo isku dayaya in ay ka heli xaq xisaabeed ee spectra ee indhaha, ogaaday muhimadda ay leedahay waxa la xiqiijiyay in Planck. Waxaa la sheegay in warbixinta ku saabsan oo formula ahaa ee ugu horeeyay sameeyaa quantization tamarta, ayaa furay marxalad cusub oo physics. Malaha, Einstein ahaa kii ugu horeeyay in ay ogaadaan bilowgii. Sidaas darteed waa in uu credit aad.

waa maxay quantized

Dhammaan dowlad-goboleedyada in qaadan kartaa on kasta oo qayb ka hoose yihiin Discrete. Electronic xanniban ku ooli karaa oo keliya at heerka qaarkood. eb Excitation sida habka ka soo horjeeda - warshadu hawada ku dhacdaa mid aan joogto ahayn. Kasta dhexgalka electromagnetic - is waydaarsiga in photons tamar ku haboon. tamarta la eb aadanaha ay kagacan siiyaan oo keliya by fahamka dabeecadda Discrete heerka tamarta. Waxaan rajeynayaa, hadda in akhristayaasha ma yeelan doonaan su'aal, waa waxa la xiqiijiyay of Planck, waa maxay saamaynta ay ku leedahay dunida casriga ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in mid kasta oo ka mid ah dadka.