Transistor-cirifoodka: bedesheen wareeggeedii. Beddelashada The circuit of transistor ku bipolar la emitter caadi ah

Mid ka mid ah nooca saddex-koronto qalabka Semiconductor waa transistors-cirifoodka. Bannaanka ku xiran tahay in ay leeyihiin conductivity (godka ama electron ah) iyo hawlaha.

kala soocidda

Transistors kala qaybsan yihiin kooxaha:

1. Sida laga soo xigtay waxyaabaha ku saabsan: arsenide gallium inta badan loo isticmaalo, iyo Silicon.
2. Sida inta jeer ee signal: hooseeya (ilaa 3 MHz), dhexdhexaad ah (ilaa 30 MHz), sare (ilaa 300 MHz), aalladda sare (ka sarreeya 300 MHz).
3. Waayo, dhereg xoog badnaan: ilaa 0.3 W, ilaa 3 watts, in ka badan 3W.
4. Sida laga soo xigtay nooca qalabka, saddex xiran lakabka Semiconductor ah by kale u beddelo hababka toos ah iyo bedelka tabinta wasakhnimadii.

transistors ah Sidee?

The layers dibadda iyo gudaha ee transistor ay ku xidhan yihiin ee electrodes hogaanka, siday u kala horreeyaan yeedhay emitter ah, ururiyaha oo saldhig.

The emitter iyo ururiyaha ma waxaa laga kasta noocyada kale ee conductivity kala duwan, laakiin heerka uu dawooyinkii nijaasta ahaa oo dambe waa aad uga hooseeya. Tani waxay xaqiijineysaa in la kordhiyo danab ee wax soo saarka la ogolyahay.

salka, taas oo ah lakabka dhexe ayaa iska caabin sare, sida Semiconductor ula dhigtay inay daroogo daciif ah. Waxay leedahay aag aad u ballaaran xiriir la ururiyaha ah, taas oo soo hagaagaysa ka saarida ee kulaylka ahaan sabab u beddeli eexda kala guurka ah, iyo fududeeyaa marinka ee sidayaal laga tirada badan yahay - electrons. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in layers kala guurka ku salaysan yihiin mabda'a isku mid ah, transistor waa qalab sinnayn. By meelaha beddelo layers xad dhaaf ah conductivity isku ma wada aqbali karaan xuduudaha u dhiganta of qalab Semiconductor ah.

Schematics of transistors-cirifoodka waa ay awoodaan in ay u dhawraan in labada dal; waxay noqon kartaa furan ama xiran. In hab firfircoon, marka transistor guurka emitter furan mowjadda la sameeyo dhinaca weerarka. Si aad u muujiso waxan ka fiirsada, tusaale ahaan, transistor ah nooca npn, waa in la dardar galiyo ka isha, sida ku cad shaxanka hoose.

oo soohdintu waxay of isgoyska ururiyaha labaad markii this xiran yahay oo hadda ah ay u soo baxaan iyada oo uusan lahayn inuu. Laakiin dhab ahaan, waxay lid ku dhacdaa sababtoo ah meel ugu dhow ee ay ka for kasta oo kale oo ay saamayn labada dhinac. Tan iyo emitter ku xiran yahay in ay "laga jaray" batari guurka furan ogolaanaya electrons u rarta zone saldhigga, halkaas oo ay yihiin recombination qayb rito - sidayaal ugu weyn. saldhig asaasay hadda waxaan _b. The xoog ay tahay, wax soo saarka hadda saami ka badan. On this Sammeecado shaqada mabda isticmaalaya transistors-cirifoodka.

Ka dib markii saldhigga keliya waa gaadiidka diffusive of electrons, sababtoo ah waxaa jira wax tallaabo ah oo duurka korontada. Sababo la dhumucda yar lakabka (microns) iyo baaxadda weyn ee Wehliyaha fiirsashada qayb ka xun lagu soo eedeeyay, ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga ku dhicin gobolka ururinaysa, inkastoo iska caabin ah ee saldhiga ah waa ku filan oo waaweyn. Waxaa ay u guuraan barbaro beerta korontada, horumarinta gaadiid firfircoon. ururiyaha iyo emitter The hadda jira si xooga loo siman yahay, haddii khasaare aan laga samri la'aan ay sababtay recombination ee salka: Waxaan _e = waan _b + aan _k.

The xuduudaha ka transistors

1. arrimaha faa'iido for danab U _Equatorial ah / U _NOQON iyo hadda: β = waxaan _a / I _b (qiimaha dhabta ah). Sida caadiga ah, β Wehliyaha ka kama badna 300, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in ay gaaraan qiyamka 800 iyo ka kor.
2. impedance Input.
3. jawaab noqnoqoshada - waxqabadka kor transistor in inta jeer jirin kalimo ka sarreeya oo transients waxa aanu waqti lahayn in ay isbedel of signal ka codsatay ah.

Transistor-cirifoodka: wareeggeedii bedesheen, hababka qalliinka

hababka qalliinka kala duwan ku xidhan sida circuit la soo ururay. Signal waa in la dalbadaa oo laga saaray labo dhibcood xaalad kasta, laakiin waxaa jira biinanka saddex keliya. Taas waxaa raacda in mid ka mid ah koronto waa in labadaba ka tirsan tahay iyo wixii soo baxayey. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ka mid ah wax transistors cirifoodka. Bannaanka, ON, OE iyo OK.

1. Wadista la OK

Beddelashada The circuit of transistor ku bipolar la ururiyaha caadi ah: signal la quudin in resistor R _L, kaas oo sidoo kale ka mid ahaa in circuit ururinaysa. xiriir noocan oo kale ah waa in loo gudbiyaa sida caadi ah-ururiyaha.

Doorashadan waxa kaliya abuuraa faa'iido ah oo hadda. Faa'iidada of raacsane emitter ah si ay u bixiyaan impedance weyn aqbasho (10-500 ohms), kaas oo u ogolaanaya haboon duwo Cascades.

2. Kaxaynta la ON

Beddelashada circuit ee transistor ku-cirifoodka in saldhig caadiga ah: signal soo socda iyada oo loo marayo C ₁ iyo ka dib markii cod laga saaro in wax soo saarka ee circuit ururiyaha uu ku jiray koronto salka la wadaago. Xaaladdan oo kale, faa'iidada danab a ay la mid tahay iyadoo MA shaqeeya.

Faa'iida waa impedance yar aqbasho (30-100 ohms), iyo circuit la ON waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida oscillator ah.

3. Jaantuska la MA

Bishii embodiments badan, marka transistors-cirifoodka waxaa loo isticmaalaa, wareeggeedii wareegaya inta badan la dhigtay emitter caadi ah. danab sahayda waxaa lagu quudin jiray iyada oo loo marayo R _L resistor load _a, iyo emitter ah ku xiran baallaha xun ee ah korontada dibadda.

signal AC ka terminal aqbasho galo emitter oo salka electrodes (V _ee), iyo waxa uu noqonayaa mid ka weyn in magnitude _{(CE V)} wareegi ururinaysa. Canaasiirta circuit oo aasaasi ah: transistor, resistor R _L a iyo wax soo saarka ee circuit kordhiyo la ah korontada dibadda. Darran: capacitor C ₁ in ka hortagtaa marinka ee hadda si toos ah soo wareegi jiray feed of signal la gelin ah, iyo R resistor _1, via kaas oo transistor furmay.

danab The ururiyaha Bannaanka transistor iyo wax soo saarka ee resistor R _L ka wada magnitude _{EMF siman: CC V = I L C R} + CE V.

Sayidka, V _ee signal yar ee talooyinka la siiyo by kala duwanaanshaha awoodda DC si AC transistor inverter saarka maamula. Nidaamku wuxuu bixiyaa kordhay ee aqbasho hadda 20-100 jeer, oo danab ku - in 10-200 jeer. Iyadoo la raacayo, awoodda sidoo kale waxay kordhisaa.

nidaamka La'aanta: caabin yar aqbasho (500-1000 ohms). Sababtan awgeed, waxaa jira dhibaatooyin ku formation of marxaladaha cod. caabiga wax soo saarka waa 2-20 ohms.

jaantus muujinaya transistor ku-cirifoodka. Haddii aadan talaabo dheeraad ah ma qaataan ku saabsan waxqabadkooda waxaa si weyn saameyn doonaan saameynta dibadda, sida kulayl iyo signal soo noqnoqoshada. Sidoo kale, grounding emitter ku abuurtaa dhalanrog harmonic ee wax soo saarka. Si loo hagaajiyo isku halaynta, circuit waa jawaabcelinyo xiran, filtarrada, iyo N. Xaaladdan oo kale wixii la mid ah. Faa'iido waa la dhimay, laakiin qalab uu noqdo mid tayo leh oo dheeraad.

hababka qalliinka

function transistor ayaa saamayn ku qiimaha danab ku xiran. All hababka loo arki karo haddii codsatay circuit of transistor ku bipolar hore la siiyaa emitter caadi ah.

1. hab The cut-off

mode Tan waxaa lagu abuuray markii V _NOQON danab dhaco, si 0.7 V. Xaaladdan oo kale, Isgoyska emitter xiran yahay iyo ururiyaha hadda maqan yahay, tan ma electrons lacag la'aan ah salka. Sayidka, blocks transistor ah.

2. Mode Active

Haddii danab a waxaa laga codsadaa in ay salka taas oo ku filan in la furo transistor ah, waxaa jira a talooyin yar ee hadda jira iyo wax soo saarka dheeraad ah, iyada oo ku xiran baaxadda faa'iidada. Markaas transistor u shaqayn doono sidii kordhiyo ah.

mode 3. robab

Waxaa ka duwan hab firfircoon si transistor waxaa si buuxda u furay, oo ururiyaha hadda gaaro qiimaha ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah. Its u kordhay oo kaliya lagu gaari karaa by beddelo ciidamada la dabaqay electromotive ama load soo wareegi jiray wax soo saarka. Marka aad ka bedelanayso ururiyaha hadda saldhig ma beddelmin. hab u damaysay waxaa lagu gartaa in transistor uu yahay mid aad u furan, iyo halkan u adeegto sida ku biiro wuu rogmadaa on. Schematics of transistors bipolar by isku ah hababka cut-off iyo robab u oggolaadaan in aad sameysato la Furayaalkiisu ku elektarooniga ah.

All hababka hawlgalka ku xidhan tahay nooca sifooyinka soo saarka ka muuqata garaafka.

Waxay muujin karaan, haddii la soo ururay oo jaantuska xarkaha ee transistor ku bipolar la OE.

Haddii aad on dhidibka taagan iyo qeybaha kala siman wakiil ururiyaha badnaan hadda iyo qaddarka danab sahayda _{CC V,} ka dibna ku xirmaan dhammaanaysaa midba midka kale, ka heli line load ah (casaan). Waxaa la tilmaamay by _{hadal ah: Waxaan = c (V CC -} V CE) / R C. From tiradaasi waxaa soo socota in dhibic hawlgalka oo ay go'aamiso hadda ururiyaha ayaan _C iyo _CE danab V _ah, waxaa lagu barakacay doonaa line load ka hooseysa la saldhig kordhaya hadda waxaan _B.

Zone V _CE dhexeeya dhidibka oo caan ku ah wax soo saarka ugu horeysay (haddaynay) meesha aan _B = 0 tilmaamay hab xadka. In this dambe waan _C hadda waa mid laga samri iyo transistor xiran yahay.

caan ugu wada sarreeyey ee barta A intersects load khadka, ka dib markii taas, kordha dheeraad _ah ururiyaha haatan _anigu kama uu is beddelay. meesha u damaysay ee garaafka waa aagga haddaynay dhexeeya dhidibka waxaan _C iyo dabeecadda steepest.

Sidee transistor ee hababka kala duwan?

transistor wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa iyadoo calaamadaha variable ama joogto ah bixisey in circuit talooyin ah.

Transistor-cirifoodka: bedesheen wareeggeedii, awood

Badanaa transistor adeegtaa sida kordhiyo ah. signal la gelin talantaalli The keena isbedel ee ay wax soo saarka hadda. Waxaad codsan kartaa nidaamka la OK ama MA ah. In circuit saarka for signal loo baahan yahay load. Sida caadiga ah isticmaalaan resistor a Jaha wareegi saarka ururinaysa. Haddii si fiican loo soo xulay, qiimaha wax soo saarka danab waa weyn u ka badan yahay aqbasho ah.

shaqada kordhiyo si fiican u muujiyey jaantuska waqtiga.

Marka calaamadaha garaaca wadnaha diinta, hab ah waa isku mid sida in sinusoidal ah. Tayada iyaga diinta qaybaha harmonic go'aamiyo Sifooyinka inta jeer ee transistors ah.

Work in hab bedesheen

daaro transistor waxaa loogu talagalay dadka aan xiriir xiriir Beddelashada in wareeggeedii korontada. Mabda'a waa isbedelka stepwise in iska caabin ah ee transistor ah. nooca-cirifoodka waa ku habboon tahay shuruudaha qalabka muhiimka ah.

gunaanad

xubno Semiconductor loo isticmaalo wareeggeedii diinta signallo koronto. kala soocidda boosaska badan oo waaweyn u ogolaan isticmaalka balaadhan oo ah transistors-cirifoodka. wareeggeedii bedesheen ogaado hawlaha iyo hababka qalliinka. Inta badan waxay ku xiran tahay sifooyinka.

circuit ugu weyn bedesheen transistors bipolar xoojin, diinta iyo dhalin calaamadaha talooyin, iyo beddelato wareeggeedii.