TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov": Qaabkadhismeedka iyo rajada

TAVKR "Admiral ah Fleet Midowga Soofiyeeti Kuznetsov" - kaliya kreyserny firfircoon xambaara dayuuradaha culus ee halabuurka ah ee Navy casriga ah Fleet. Ujeedada ugu wayn - tirtiridda bartilmaameed dusha weyn, difaaca ee maraakiibta badda iyo ilaalinta eedeeyay duulaankii cadowga. Markabka ayaa la magacaabay ka dib markii N. G. Kuznetsova, Admiral ah Fleet ee USSR. Dhismaha markab ka dhacay Nikolaev, at deked markab ah Chernomorsk, hadda waxa ay qayb ka go'an dhamaystiran yahay of Northern Fleet ah. Markabka ayaa waxaa lagu salayn karaa diyaarad MiG-29K, kooxaha SU-25, SU-33 iyo helicopters beddelka Ka-27/29 / 52K.

design

Naqshadaynta TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" ayaa la bilaabay sanadkii 1978 iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan ee PCB ka Leningrad.

Waxaa jira dhowr horumarka mashruuca, taas oo keentay in natiijada dhamaadka ee dhismaha maraakiibta ama hadhay oo ah qaab lagu daydo iyo Dakatu:

• Mashruuca 1153. Barakaca markabka la qorsheeyey oo loogu talagalay 00 70 tons, loo maleeyey qalabka hub awood (duulista ugu weyn ee kooxda marka laga reebo).
• № 1143 M. Qorshuhu wuxu ahaa in meelaynta ee markab supersonic Yak-41 vertical-off ka qaadataan.
• noocooda A ee 1143. Waxay leedahay egyihiin la side diyaaradda design hore, laakiin barakac ballaaran (afaraad xambaara dayuuradaha, dhisay Midowga Soofiyeeti).
• Project side 1143,5 diyaaradaha culus "Admiral Kuznetsov" --awood sare, shanaad iyo Soviet-ka dhisay markabka la soo dhaafay markab xambaara dayuuradaha.

waraaqo farsamo Final loo diyaariyey by bartamihii 1980-, dhismaha loo moodayay in la dhamaystiro 1990. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga dhalmada iyo guddoominta si joogto ah wareejiyay sababo kala duwan.

Bilow abuuraya

In guga hore ee 1981 Dhismaha maraakiibta Plant in Nikolayev helo adag lagu helay amar dhismaha Cruiser cusub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dayrta ee isla sanadkaas ee lagu daro weyn iyo isbedel lagu sameeyo mashruuca, ugu weyn ee kaas oo ah in ay kor u barakaca markabka at 10 kun oo metric.

Qiimaha keentay of index oo intaasu waxay ahayd 67 000 t dheeraad ah, ka dib markii isbadal leh qaabka loo sameeyey .:

• markabka ay noqotay in la qalabeeyey rakibo of KDP "dhagax adag".
• Waxaa jiray baahan yahay in la ballaariyo group hawada ilaa 50 mishiinada.
• Isbeddel weyn ahaa xaqiiqada ah in diyaaradaha furitaanka lahaa in la sameeyo iyada oo aan CATAPULT a by duushay ski-boodi. Muuqaalkani waxa uu hoos u qiimaha dhismaha iyo sii dheeraan nolosha adeeg ee xambaara dayuuradaha ee.

hagaajinta dhameystir

TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" ayaa ugu dambeyntii qaabeeyey ilaa 1982. Oo waxay noqotay in September, magaalada shipyards Nikolayev. Markii hore, doonnidii la odhan jiray "Riga", laba bilood ka dib waxaa magacooda loo baxshay in "Leonid Brezhnev". By dhamaadka sanadka on markab ee barnaamijka buuxa ahaa rakibo of block ugu horeysay ee dhismaha. Markabka ayaa laftiisa (markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti) ka koobnayd gebi laba naqshado darsin block.

Dhererka block kasta TAVKR Pr. 11435 "Admiral Kuznetsov" waxay ahayd abbaaraha 32 mitir oo leh height ah 13 m. mass ee element kasta waa loo siman yahay si 1.5-1.7 kun. tan. Superstructure weyn side diyaaradaha ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigay on nidaam qaybsan. Waxaa xusid mudan in markab sida a, la saad u dhiganta qalabka, alaabta muusikada ah iyo qalab kale, waa la dhisi kari waayay sano kaliya afar, waxa uu noqon lahaa record sixun. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dib u dhac lala heshiiyo ganacsatada iyo hawlgalka gaabis ah ee warshadda ayaa sababay dib u dhac aan loo baahnayn in hordhaca ah ee markabka hawlgalka.

Rakibaadda qalabka saarnaa

xambaara dayuuradaha ayaa la bilaabay ka jeebbooyin dhamaadka 1985 sano. guryaha Mass iyo dhismayaasha rakibay kama badna 32 000 oo tan. Horumarinta ayaa lagu qiyaasay rabitaankooda in / h 20506 diyaaradaha culus side "Admiral Kuznetsov" by 39%.

Sannadka soo socda, waayo, side qaranka ayaa sidoo kale ma aha iyada oo aan isbeddel ah. Designer New P. Sokolov ayaa hagaajin iyo dhexe ee 87aad weli taalo ilaa dhamaadka doonnidii la mar kale baxshay. Haddaba isagu waxa uu noqday "Tbilisi". Boqolkiiba diyaar u kordhay 60%. Dib u dhac ganacsatada looma ogola in ay si degdeg ah u buuxi dhismaha, 70% -S diyaar la gaadhana kaliya dhamaadka 1989

Qiimaha xambaara dayuuradaha culus "Admiral Kuznetsov" wakhtigaas ahaa in ka badan toddoba boqol oo milyan oo rubles. Soon mar kale naqshadeeye sare beddelay, oo wuxuu noqday L. Belov. Qaybta ugu weyn ee qalabka elektarooniga ah u socoto ayaa lagu rakibay afar sano iyo bar ah ka dib markii dambeysta ah, diyaar markabka ayaa ahaa 80%.

Tug in badda

Dhacdadani waxa dhacay October 20, 1989 mar, xambaara dayuuradaha ahaa ku dhow, marka laga reebo maqnaanshaha group duulista. Farsamooyinkooda qaadatay in ka badan hal bil, horeba waa ugu horeysay ee November beerto maxkamad this ee MiG-29 iyo Su-27 waxaa lagu fuliyay isla sanadkaas.

Si buuxda u nidaamyada rasaas iyo radio ee / h 20506 diyaaradaha culus side "Admiral Kuznetsov" waxaa la aasaasay kaliya ee 1990 (total diyaar lacag ku saabsan 90%). In waqti isku mid bareeg soo saaray tijaabooyin badda markabka. In dhexe ee dayrta markabka helay magaca final ka yar taas oo hadda u socda.

In marxaladda ugu horeysa ee jirrabaya side diyaaradda madax banaan guuleysto in ka badan 16 kun oo miles. Iyada oo runways diyaaradaha markab soo saaray ku dhawaad shan boqol oo weera ah. All markab caga sameeyey oo aan xaalad degdeg ah in laga bilaabo weelashii imtixaanka - natiijo aad u fiican.

Imtixaanka ugu horeysay lagu soo gabagabeeyey dhamaadka 1990. In ka badan hal sano ka gudbay heerka ugu dambeeya ee tayada dawladda, ka dib markii taas doonnidii la qoondeeyey Northern Fleet ah.

Tilmaamo Technical

Iyadoo qayb ka ah sagxad ah oo boodboodo qaanso fairings gaar ah Jaha ah. Jira diyaaradaha midige ee side diyaarad yihiin, by wiishashka, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ka adkaan karaa 40 tons. width sharraxaa waa 67 mitir. Dhererka markab Shurako ku dhowaad 305 oo mitir, heerka of kayd ay - 10.5 m.

Ujeedo loo isticmaalo qayb sharraxaa diyaaradaha soo caga 250 oo dherer ah 26 mitir u ballaaran. Waxay leedahay jiirada a toddoba degrees. Laba ka mid ah guutooyin aasaasiga ah bilowga.

Matoorada leeyihiin TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" kuleeliyaha iyo marawaxadaha, chetyrehvalnye la matoorrada awood iyo matoorrada naaftada. Sida propulsor taag afar boolal (mid kasta waxay leedahay 5 garbaha). Xaddididda xawaaraha safarka waa 29 kuus kuus (55 km / h). The markab navigation goboleedka uu qaadi karaa ilaa lix bilood. markabka The - ku dhawaad labo kun oo qof.

hubka

Hoos waxaa ku qoran shaqaalaha dagaal iyo suurtagalnimada of side diyaarad:

• nidaamka Navigation - "Beysur".
• Radar - "Mars-Passat", "Fregat-MA", "In wax laga qabto", "Vaigach".
• Means nooca elektaroonik ah - CICs "Woodcutter" SJC "polynom", "Star" adag "Buraan-2", "Xiddigaha - BR";
• Anti-diyaarad saanad - 6 × 6 AK-630, (48 kun oo sahay.)
• Gantaalaha - PU SCRC "dhagax adag", "Dirk", "seeftii";
• hubka Antisubmarine (60 bambooyin) - RBU-12000;
• Group Aviation - konton units (helicopters iyo diyaarado).

immensity

Si loo fahmo weynaanta markab ah, waxaa laga yaabaa in la ogaadaa in uu height uu u dhigmo guriga 27-storeyed. Inside waxay ku qalabeysan yahay ku dhawaad afar kun oo qolal kala duwan. Inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha waxaa la qaatay 4000 oo kiilomitir ee cable, 12,000 oo kilomitir oo tuubooyinka of dhexroor iyo ka shaqeynayaan kala duwan. tiixo Qaar ka mid ah markabka, waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan konton sheqel. Katabaan nooca xiran (153 * 26 * 7.2 mitir) caawinaysa dadka caadiga ah group 70 boqolkiiba hawada. ilaalinta dhismaha quuska ka kooban yahay hubkiisa iyo gaadhya derbiyada, in ay si qoto dheer - oo ku saabsan shan mitir.

qiimaynta Modern mashruuca 1143,5

Markab viewed si ammaan ah oo la odhan karaa side diyaaradaha buuxa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma dhammaan si habsami leh dhismaha muddada dheer sabayn. Inta badan uu ku qaato in guraan dayactirka.

sheegashada Faro badan yihiin xirneeyn. baxay badda inta badan la socda degrees dhacdooyinka aan caadi ahayn kala duwan. Waa in la adkeeyay in kasta oo markab March dheer tagaa oo ay la socdaan xooggu ah. helitaanka dhawaan in Badda Mediterranean-ka - xaqiijin kale.

Dad badan oo sugayay side culus diyaarad "Admiral Kuznetsov" marka socday Suuriya. Oo sidaas daraaddeed dheer aan ka hor ayaa waxaa dhacday. Dabcan, ma aan dhibaatooyin ay, laakiin markabka weli halkaas oo dib u adkaaday jidka. In labada sano ee soo socda waxaa la qorsheeyay habeeyn ku xiga weyn oo markab ka.